Area Reduction

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Shackelford J.F.Material science and engineering handbook.2001.pdf

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Table 273. AREA REDUCTION OF TOOL STEELS

(SHEET 1 OF 2)

		Area Reduction
Type	Condition	(%)


L2	Annealed	50
	Oil quenched from 855 •C and single tempered at:
	205 •C	15
	315 •C	30
	425 •C	35
	540 •C	45
	650 •C	55
L6	Annealed	55
	Oil quenched from 845 •C and single tempered at:
	315 •C	9
	425 •C	20
	540 •C	30
	650 •C	48
S1	Annealed	52
	Oil quenched from 930 •C and single tempered at:
	205 •C
	315 •C	12
	425 •C	17
	540 •C	23
	650 •C	37
S5	Annealed	50
	Oil quenched from 870 •C and single tempered at:
	205 •C	20
	315 •C	24
	425 •C	28
	540 •C	30
	650 •C	40

Area Reduction in 50 mm or 2 in.

Source: data from ASM Metals Reference Book, Second Edition, American Society for Metals, Metals Park, Ohio 44073, p241, (1984).

Table 273. AREA REDUCTION OF TOOL STEELS

(SHEET 2 OF 2)

		Area Reduction
Type	Condition	(%)


S7	Annealed	55
	Fan cooled from 940 •C and single tempered at:
	205 •C	20
	315 •C	25
	425 •C	29
	540 •C	33
	650 •C	45

Area Reduction in 50 mm or 2 in.

Source: data from ASM Metals Reference Book, Second Edition, American Society for Metals, Metals Park, Ohio 44073, p241, (1984).

Table 274. REDUCTION IN AREA OF AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS

(SHEET 1 OF 4)

				Reduction in Area
Type	Form	Condition	ASTM Specification	(%)


Type 302 (UNS S30200)	Bar	Hot ﬁnished and annealed	A276	50
		Cold ﬁnished and annealed(a)	A276	40
		Cold ﬁnished and annealed(b)	A276	40
Type 302B (UNS S30215)	Bar	Hot ﬁnished and annealed	A276	50
		Cold ﬁnished and annealed(a)	A276	40
		Cold ﬁnished and annealed(b)	A276	40
Types 303 (UNS S30300) and 303Se	Bar	Annealed	A581	55
(UNS S30323)	Bar	Annealed	A581	55
(UNS S30323)
Type 304(UNS S30400)	Bar	Hot ﬁnished and annealed	A276	50
		Cold ﬁnished and annealed(a)	A276	40
		Cold ﬁnished and annealed(b)	A276	40
Type 304L (UNS S30403)	Bar	Hot ﬁnished and annealed	A276	50
		Cold ﬁnished and annealed(a)	A276	40
		Cold ﬁnished and annealed(b)	A276	40

(a) Up to 13 mm thick (b) Over 13 mm thick.

Data from ASM Metals Reference Book, Third Edition, Michael Bauccio, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, p364-366 (1993).

Table 274. REDUCTION IN AREA OF AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS

(SHEET 2 OF 4)

				Reduction in Area
Type	Form	Condition	ASTM Specification	(%)


Type 305 (UNS S30500)	Bar	Hot ﬁnished and annealed	A276	50
		Cold ﬁnished and annealed(a)	A276	40
		Cold ﬁnished and annealed(b)	A276	40
Types 308 (UNS S30800),321(UNS
S32100),347(UNS34700)	Bar	Hot ﬁnished and annealed	A276	50
and 348 (UNS S34800)
		Cold ﬁnished and annealed(a)	A276	40
		Cold ﬁnished and annealed(b)	A276	40
Type 308L	Bar	Annealed	—	70
Types 309 (UNS S30900), 309S (UNS
S30908), 310 (UNS S31000)	Bar	Hot ﬁnished and annealed	A276	50
and 310S (UNS S31008)
		Cold ﬁnished and annealed(a)	A276	40
		Cold ﬁnished and annealed(b)	A276	40

(a) Up to 13 mm thick (b) Over 13 mm thick.

Data from ASM Metals Reference Book, Third Edition, Michael Bauccio, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, p364-366 (1993).

Table 274. REDUCTION IN AREA OF AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS

(SHEET 3 OF 4)

				Reduction in Area
Type	Form	Condition	ASTM Specification	(%)


Type 314 (UNS S31400)	Bar	Hot ﬁnished and annealed	A276	50
		Cold ﬁnished and annealed(a)	A276	40
		Cold ﬁnished and annealed(b)	A276	40
Type 316 (UNS S31600)	Bar	Hot ﬁnished and annealed	A276	50
		Cold ﬁnished and annealed(a)	A276	40
		Cold ﬁnished and annealed(b)	A276	40
Type 316F (UNS S31620)	Bar	Annealed	—	55
Type 316L (UNS S31603)	Bar	Hot ﬁnished and annealed	A276	50
		Cold ﬁnished and annealed(a)	A276	40
		Cold ﬁnished and annealed(b)	A276	40
Type 316LN	Bar	Annealed	—	70

(a) Up to 13 mm thick (b) Over 13 mm thick.

Data from ASM Metals Reference Book, Third Edition, Michael Bauccio, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, p364-366 (1993).

Table 274. REDUCTION IN AREA OF AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS

(SHEET 4 OF 4)

				Reduction in Area
Type	Form	Condition	ASTM Specification	(%)


Type 317 (UNS S31700)	Bar	Hot ﬁnished and annealed	A276	50
		Cold ﬁnished and annealed(a)	A276	40
		Cold ﬁnished and annealed(b)	A276	40
Type 317L (UNS S31703)	Bar	Annealed	—	65
Type 317LM	Bar,Plate,Sheet,	Annealed	—	50
Type 317LM	Strip	Annealed	—	50
	Strip
Type 329 (UNS S32900)	Bar	Annealed	—	50
Type 330HC	Bar,Wire,Strip	Annealed	—	65

(a) Up to 13 mm thick (b) Over 13 mm thick.

Data from ASM Metals Reference Book, Third Edition, Michael Bauccio, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, p364-366 (1993).

Table 275. REDUCTION IN AREA OF FERRITIC STAINLESS STEELS

Type	ASTM Specification	Form	Condition	(%)


Type 405 (UNS S40500)	A580	Wire	Annealed	45
	A580		Annealed, Cold Finished	45
Type 429 (UNS S42900)	—	Bar	Annealed	65(a)
Type 430 (UNS S43000)	A276	Bar	Annealed, Hot Finished	45
	A276		Annealed, Cold Finished	45
Type 430Ti(UNS S43036)	—	Bar	Annealed	65(a)
Type 434 (UNS S43400)	—	Wire	Annealed	78(a)
Type 442 (UNS S44200)	—	Bar	Annealed	40(a)
Type 446 (UNS S44600)	A276	Bar	Annealed, Hot Finished	45
	A276		Annealed, Cold Finished	45

(a) Typical Values

Data from ASM Metals Reference Book, Third Edition, Michael Bauccio, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, p368 (1993).

Table 276. REDUCTION IN AREA OF

HIGH–NITROGEN AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS

	ASTM			Reduction in Area
Type	Specification	Form	Condition	(%)


Type 201 (UNS S20100)	A276	Bar	Annealed	45
Type 205 (UNS S20500)	—	Plate	Annealed*	62
Type 304HN (UNS S30452)	—	Bar	Annealed	50

Data from ASM Metals Reference Book, Third Edition, Michael Bauccio, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, p367 (1993).

*Typical values

Table 277. REDUCTION IN AREA OF

PRECIPITATION -HARDENING AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS

			Reduction in Area
Type	Form	Condition	(%)


PH 13–8 Mo (UNS S13800)	Bar, Plate, Sheet, Strip	H950	45
		H1000	45
15–5 PH (UNS S15500) and 17–4 PH (UNS S17400)	Bar, Plate, Sheet, Stript	H900	35(a)
		H925	38(a)
		H1025	45(a)
		H1075	45(a)
		H1100	45(a)
		H1150	50(a)
		H1150M	55(a)
17–7 PH (UNS S17700)	Bar	RH950	10
		TH1050	25

(a) For ﬂat rolled products, value generally lower and varies with thickness.

Data from ASM Metals Reference Book, Third Edition, Michael Bauccio, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, p371 (1993).

Table 278. REDUCTION IN AREA OF MARTENSITIC STAINLESS STEELS

(SHEET 1 OF 2)

				Reduction in Area
Type	ASTM Specification	Form	Condition	(%)


Type 403 (UNS S40300)	A276	Bar	Annealed, hot ﬁnished	45
	A276		Annealed, cold ﬁnished	45
	A276		Intermediate temper, hot ﬁnished	45
	A276		Intermediate temper, cold ﬁnished	40
	A276		Hard temper, hot ﬁnished	40
	A276		Hard temper, cold ﬁnished	40
Type 410 (UNS S41000)	A276	Bar	Annealed, hot ﬁnished	45
	A276		Annealed, cold ﬁnished	45
	A276		Intermediate temper, hot ﬁnished	45
	A276		Intermediate temper, cold ﬁnished	40
	A276		Hard temper, hot ﬁnished	40
	A276		Hard temper, cold ﬁnished	40
Type 410Cb (UNS S41040)	A276	Bar	Annealed, hot ﬁnished	45
	A276		Annealed, cold ﬁnished	35
	A276		Intermediate temper, hot ﬁnished	45
	A276		Intermediate temper, cold ﬁnished	35

Data from ASM Metals Reference Book, Third Edition, Michael Bauccio, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, p369-370 (1993).

Table 278. REDUCTION IN AREA OF MARTENSITIC STAINLESS STEELS

(SHEET 2 OF 2)

				Reduction in Area
Type	ASTM Specification	Form	Condition	(%)


Type 414 (UNS S41400)	A276	Bar	Intermediate temper, hot ﬁnished	45
	A276		Intermediate temper, cold ﬁnished	45
Type 414L	—	Bar	Annealed	60
Type 420 (UNS S42000)	—	Bar	Tempered 205 °C	25
Type 422 (UNS S42200)	A565	Bar	Intermediate and hard tempers	30
Type 422 (UNS S42200)	A565	Bar	for high-temperature service	30
			for high-temperature service
Type 431 (UNS S43100)	—	Bar	Tempered 260 °C	55
	—		Tempered 595 °C	57
	—		Tempered 315 °C	20
	—		Tempered 315 °C	15
	—		Tempered 315 °C	10
Type 501 (UNS S50100)	—	Bar, Plate	Annealed	65
	—		Tempered 540 °C	50
Type 502 (UNS S50200)	—	Bar, Plate	Annealed	70

Data from ASM Metals Reference Book, Third Edition, Michael Bauccio, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, p369-370 (1993).

Table 279. REDUCTION IN AREA OF COMMERCIALLY PURE TIN

Temperature	Reduction in Area
(°C)	(%)


Strained at 0.2 mm/m • min
-200	6
-160	10
-120	97
-80	100
-40	100
0	100
23	100

Data from ASM Metals Reference Book, Third Edition, Michael Bauccio, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, p488, (1993).

Table 280. AREA REDUCTION OF WROUGHT TITANIUM ALLOYS

AT ROOM TEMPERATURE (SHEET 1 OF 2)

Class	Alloy	Condition	Reduction in Area (%)


Commercially Pure	99.5 Ti	Annealed	55
	99.2 Ti	Annealed	50
	99.1 Ti	Annealed	45
	99.0 Ti	Annealed	40
	99.2Ti-0.2Pd	Annealed	50
	Ti-0.8Ni-0.3Mo	Annealed	42
Alpha Alloys	Ti-5Al-2.5Sn	Annealed	40
Near Alpha Alloys	Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V	Duplex Annealed	28
	Ti-11Sn-1Mo-2.25Al-5.0Zr-1Mo-0.2Si	Duplex Annealed	35
	Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo	Duplex Annealed	35
	Ti-6Al-2Nb-1Ta-1Mo	As rolled 2.5 cm (1 in.) plate	34
Alpha-Beta Alloys	Ti-8Mn	Annealed	32
	Ti-6Al-4V	Annealed	30
		Solution + age	25

Data from ASM Metals Reference Book, Third Edition, Michael Bauccio, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, p512, (1993).

Table 280. AREA REDUCTION OF WROUGHT TITANIUM ALLOYS

AT ROOM TEMPERATURE (SHEET 2 OF 2)

Class	Alloy	Condition	Reduction in Area (%)


	Ti-6Al-4V(low O2)	Annealed	35
	Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn	Annealed	30
		Solution + age	20
	Ti-7Al-4Mo	Solution + age	22
	Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo	Solution + age	23
	Ti-6Al-2Sn-2Zr-2Mo- 2Cr-0.25Si	Solution + age	33
	Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al	Solution + age	19

Data from ASM Metals Reference Book, Third Edition, Michael Bauccio, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, p512, (1993).

Table 281. AREA REDUCTION OF WROUGHT TITANIUM ALLOYS

AT HIGH TEMPERATURE (SHEET 1 OF 3)

			Test
			Temperature	Reduction in Area
Class	Alloy	Condition	(°C)	(%)


Commercially Pure	99.5 Ti	Annealed	315	80
	99.2 Ti	Annealed	315	75
	99.1 Ti	Annealed	315	75
	99.0 Ti	Annealed	315	70
	99.2Ti-0.2Pd	Annealed	315	75
Alpha Alloys	Ti-5Al-2.5Sn	Annealed	315	45
Near Alpha Alloys	Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V	Duplex Annealed	315	38
			425	44
			540	55
	Ti-11Sn-1Mo-2.25Al-5.0Zr-1Mo-0.2Si	Duplex Annealed	315	44
			425	48
			540	50

Data from ASM Metals Reference Book, Third Edition, Michael Bauccio, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, p512, (1993).

Table 281. AREA REDUCTION OF WROUGHT TITANIUM ALLOYS

AT HIGH TEMPERATURE (SHEET 2 OF 3)

			Test
			Temperature	Reduction in Area
Class	Alloy	Condition	(°C)	(%)


	Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo	Duplex Annealed	315	42
			425	55
			540	60
Alpha-Beta Alloys	Ti-6Al-4V	Annealed	315	35
		Annealed	425	40
		Annealed	540	50
		Solution + age	315	28
		Solution + age	425	35
		Solution + age	540	45
	Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn	Annealed	315	42
		Solution + age	315	28
	Ti-7Al-4Mo	Solution + age	315	50
			425	55

Data from ASM Metals Reference Book, Third Edition, Michael Bauccio, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, p512, (1993).

Table 281. AREA REDUCTION OF WROUGHT TITANIUM ALLOYS

AT HIGH TEMPERATURE (SHEET 3 OF 3)

			Test
			Temperature	Reduction in Area
Class	Alloy	Condition	(°C)	(%)


	Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo	Solution + age	315	55
			425	67
			540	70
	Ti-6Al-2Sn-2Zr-2Mo- 2Cr-0.25Si	Solution + age	315	27
	Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al	Solution + age	205	33
			315	42

Data from ASM Metals Reference Book, Third Edition, Michael Bauccio, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, p512, (1993).

Table 282. STRENGTH DENSITY RATIO

OF GRAPHITE FIBER REINFORCED METALS

		Strength /
	Fiber content	Density
	Fiber content	(106in)
Composite	(vol%)	(106in)


Graphite(a)/lead	41	0.385
Graphite(b)/lead	35	0.260
Graphite(a)/zinc	35	0.580
Graphite(a)/magnesium	42	1.016

(a) Thornel 75 ﬁber (b) Courtaulds HM ﬁber

Data from ASM Engineering Materials Reference Book, Second Edition, Michael Bauccio, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, p148,(1994).

Table 283. MODULUS DENSITY RATIO OF

GRAPHITE FIBER REINFORCED METALS

		Modulus/
	Fiber content	Density
	Fiber content	(106in)
Composite	(vol%)	(106in)


Graphite(a)/lead	41	107.0
Graphite(b)/lead	35	62.3
Graphite(a)/zinc	35	88.5
Graphite(a)/magnesium	42	393.7

(a) Thornel 75 ﬁber (b) Courtaulds HM ﬁber

Data from ASM Engineering Materials Reference Book, Second Edition, Michael Bauccio, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, p148,(1994).

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