- •Содержание
- •1. Предлог
- •2. Союз
- •Обратите внимание на употребление следующих слов в качестве союзов и предлогов:
- •Обратите внимание на следующие вводные слова:
- •3. Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты
- •Can (мочь ч-л делать)/ be able to (смочь ч-л сделать)
- •May (можно)/ be allowed to ( разрешается)
- •4. Условные предложения
- •Типы условных предложений
- •Условные предложения смешанного типа
- •5. Инфинитив
- •Формы инфинитива
- •Функции инфинитива в предложении
- •Оборот: objective with the infinitive (Объектный падеж с инфинитивом)
- •Оборот: nominative with the infinitive (Субъектный падеж с инфинитивом)
- •1)Одновременность с действием, выраженным глаголом – сказуемым
- •2)Инфинитив имеет пассивное значение.
- •6. Герундий
- •Герундиальный оборот
- •7. Причастие
- •Способы перевода различных форм причастия на русский язык
- •Функции причастия
- •Сложные конструкции, включающие причастие
- •1. В настоящем времени
- •2. В прошедшем времени
- •3. Отражает предшествование одного действия другому
- •8. Словообразование
- •Наиболее употребительные префиксы
- •Наиболее употребительные суффиксы Суффиксы существительных
- •Суффиксы прилагательных
- •Суффиксы глаголов
- •Суффиксы наречий
- •Приложение 1 Фразовые глаголы
- •Приложение 2 Случаи употребления глагола can (could)
- •Случаи употребления глагола may (might)
- •Случаи употребления глагола must
Содержание
1. |
Предлог (The Preposition) …………………………………………………. |
4 |
2. |
Союз (The Conjunction) …………………………………………………… |
10 |
3. |
Модальные Глаголы (Modal Verbs) ………………………………………. |
14 |
4. |
Условные предложения (The If-sentences) ……………………………….. |
18 |
5. |
Инфинитив (The Infinitive) ………………………………………………... |
24 |
6. |
Герундий (The Gerund) …………………………………………………… |
32 |
7. |
Причастие (The Participle) ………………………………………………… |
37 |
8. 9. |
Словообразование (The Word formation) ………………………………… Приложение 1……………………………………………………………. |
44 50 |
10. |
Приложение 2……………………………………………………………. |
53 |
1. Предлог
(The Preposition)
Диагностический тест: Отметьте предложения ниже – верные (R) или неверные (W) и исправьте ошибки.
|
1. |
They decided to go fishing Sunday morning on dawn. |
|
2. |
On his last lecture he spoke about money during half an hour. |
|
3. |
Helen is not here in the present moment, she'll be back by 5 minutes. |
|
4. |
There's a funny misprint on the picture in page 12. |
|
5. |
Yes, Mike is in school. No, he always comes in time. |
|
6. |
If you look above you'll notice a strange halo right up the roof. |
|
7. |
Don't come near the edge, you might fall over the shaky railings. |
|
8. |
He parked at the back of the cinema house and quickly disappeared inside. |
|
9. |
At the corner of his drawer he saw a letter with some pencil notes at the back of the envelope. |
|
10. |
Let's meet at Baker Street, by the nearest corner, as usual. |
Предлоги, обозначающие отношения, выражаемые в русском языке падежными окончаниями:
Родительный: (кого? чего?) of - That was the computer of my sister.
Дательный: (кому? чему?) to - She showed a printer to him.
(для кого? для чего?) for.
Творительный: (кем? чем?) by- The program was run by a secretary.
(с помощью чего?) with - She was writing it with a pen.
Предлоги места и движения
Предлог |
Соответству-ющий русский предлог |
Пример |
Перевод |
Устойчивые сочетания |
On |
на |
on the floor on the computer on the bus |
на полу на компьютере |
on the left on the right on the ground floor on the first floor on the river on the road on the way on a farm on the voyage |
In |
в “где?” |
in a room in a building in the water, the sea in a line, a queue in the car/ taxi |
в комнате в воде в линии |
in an arm-chair in the street in a photograph in the sky in a mirror in bed in prison |
To |
в“куда?” |
to go to the office to go to school |
идти в офис |
|
Near |
около |
near the table |
около стола |
|
At |
возле |
at the top, the bottom of the page at the bus –stop at the back at the front at the table |
в начале, в конце страницы у остановки в конце улицы сзади спереди |
at home at work at school at university at the station at the airport at the seaside at sea |
By |
у |
by the fire |
у огня |
by sea |
Under |
под |
under the table |
под столом |
|
Across |
через |
across the road |
через дорогу |
|
Through |
сквозь |
through the wall |
сквозь стену |
|
Into |
внутрь |
to put into a box |
класть в коробку |
|
Out of |
из |
to take out of the box |
взять из коробки |
|
From |
с, из, от |
to come from an office to take from the box |
прийти из офиса взять из коробки |
|
Up |
вверх |
up the stairs |
вверх по лестнице |
|
Down |
вниз |
down the stairs |
вниз по лестнице |
|
Above Over |
над |
above the house |
над домом |
|
In front of |
перед |
in front of the house |
перед домом |
|
Between |
между |
space between lines and paragraphs |
пространство между строками |
|
Behind |
позади |
behind the house |
позади дома |
|
Задание 1. Дополните предложения, используя предлоги in, at, on с фразами, данными ниже:
the front now |
New York |
the west coast |
school |
the third floor |
the back of the class |
the Swiss Alps |
hospital |
my way to work |
the back of the envelope |
the window |
prison |
the right |
the front page of the newspaper |
bed |
a farm |
the cinema |
the station |
sea |
the airport |
The headquarters of the United States is ___.
In most countries people drive _____.
I usually buy a newspaper ____ in the morning.
Last year we had a lovely skiing holiday ___.
San Francisco is ____ of the Unites States.
She spends all day sitting ___ and watching what’s happening outside.
I have to walk up a lot of stairs every day. My flat is ____and there is no lift.
I read about the accident. There was a report ______.
We went to the theatre last night. We had seats____.
I couldn’t hear the teacher well. She had a quiet voice and I was sitting ___.
My train arrives at 11.30.Can you meet me_____?
I didn’t feel very well when I woke up, so I stayed __.
Are they showing any good films ______ this week?
Many people are ____crimes that they didn’t commit.
I like the countryside and the fresh air. I think I’d like to work _____.
Did you get on well with the teachers when you were _____.
Задание 2. Заполните пропуски в предложениях предлогами on, in или into, пользуясь приведенной ниже таблицей:
Где? |
Куда? |
Откуда? |
На столе - on |
На стол- on |
Со стола- off the table |
В комнате- in |
В комнату- into |
Из комнаты- out of the room |
1. There are many people ___ the park today. 2. There is a girl standing ___ the bridge. Why is she crying? – She has dropped her doll ___ the water. 3. There is no tea ___ my cup. 4. Pour some tea ___ my cup. 5. Put these flowers ___ the windowsill. 6. I saw many people ___ the platform waiting for the train. 7. We went ___ the garden and sat down ___ a bench. 8. The teacher hung a picture ___ the blackboard. 9. I opened the door and went ___ the classroom. The teacher was writing some words ___ the blackboard. The pupils were writing these words ___ their exercise books. There were two maps ___ the wall and some flowers ___ the windowsill. I saw a pen ___ the floor. I picked it up and put ___ the table. 10. He put his hand ___ his pocket, took out a letter and dropped it ___ the mailbox which hung ___ the wall of the house. Then he got ___ his car and drove off.
Предлоги времени
Предлог |
Соотв. русский предлог |
Пример |
Перевод |
Устойчивые сочетания |
After |
после |
afterthemeeting |
после собрания |
|
By |
к |
by Monday |
к понедельнику |
|
From…to from…till |
от…до |
from the beginning till the end |
от начала и до конца |
|
For |
в течение |
for a second |
в течение секунды |
|
During [+ noun] |
в течение |
during the film, the night |
во время фильма, в течение фильма |
during the eighties |
On Upon |
когда? после, часто сочетается с герундием (IndefiniteGerund) |
on the 14 th of April on storing upon deleting on Monday on Monday morning |
14 апреля
после записи после стирания |
on Sunday on Monday on Easter Sunday on Christmas day on Friday night on July 30th on a summer afternoon on that day |
Since |
с |
since January |
с января |
|
Within |
в течение, не дольше чем |
within a week |
в течение недели |
|
In [+ period of time] |
в через |
in March |
в марте |
in (the) spring, in 1980 in the 19th century in the Middle Ages in the morning in the end (of) |
While [+subject+ object] |
в то время как, пока |
I fell asleep while I was watching television. |
Я заснул, пока смотрел телевизор. |
|
To |
до |
five minutes to six |
без пяти минут шесть |
|
At |
в |
at5o’clock |
в 5 часов |
at 11:45 at midnight at lunch time at night at the week-end (Br. E.) at Christmas at the moment at the same time at the age of at the end of |
Обратите внимание: предлоги at, on, in никогда не употребляются перед словами yesterday, tomorrow, next, this, last, every.
Задание 3. Заполните пропуски в предложениях следующими предлогами: at, on, in, for, since, during, by, until:
1. Jack has gone away. He'll be back ___ a week.
2. We’re having a party ___ Saturday. Can you come?
3. I’ve got an interview next week. It's ___ 9.30 ___Tuesday morning.
4. Sue isn't usually here ___weekends. She goes away.
5. The train service is very good. The trains are nearly always ___ time.
6. It was a confusing situation. Many things were happening ___ the same time.
7. I couldn't decide whether or not to buy the sweater ___ the end I decided not to.
8. The road is busy all the time, even ___ night.
9. I was woken up by a loud noise ___ the night.
10. I saw Helen ____ Friday but I haven't seen her ___then.
11. Brian has been doing the same job ___ five years.
12. Ann’s birthday is ___ the end of March. I'm not sure exactly which day it is.
13. We’ve got some friends staying with us ___ the moment. They're staying ___ Friday.
14. If you're interested in applying for the job, your application must be received ___ Friday.
Задание 4. Заполните пропуски в предложениях предлогами during, for, while:
Production at the factory was seriously affected ______ the strike.
I felt really ill last week. I couldn’t eat anything ____ three days.
When we were at the theatre last night, we met Ann ____ the interval.
I met Tom _____ I was waiting for a bus.
_____ we were in Paris , we stayed at a very comfortable hotel.
The phone rang three times _____ we were having dinner last night.
____ our staying in Paris, we visited a lot of museums and galleries.
There were many interruptions ____ the Prime Minister’s speech.
Sue was very angry after our argument. She didn’t speak to me __ a week.
Jack started a new job a few weeks ago. Before that he was out of work __ six months.
Задание 5. Заполните пропуски в предложениях подходящими по смыслу предлогами. Значение фразовых глаголов смотрите в Приложении № 1.
1. Jack always gets ___ early: he is a farmer and has a lot of work to do. 2. Ladies and gentlemen, I think it’s time to get ___ business. 3. I’m afraid that our secret can get ___. 4. Does she get ___ well with her classmates? 5. If you are going to the Tower you should get ___ at the next stop. 6. Hello! How are you getting ___? 7. Don’t let him get ___ with my bike. 8. The old lady got ___ of the car with difficulty. 9. That news was a real shock and we still can’t get ___ it.
Задание 6. Заполните пропуски в предложениях подходящими по смыслу предлогами. Значение фразовых глаголов смотрите в Приложении № 1.
1. Give him his letter if he turns ___. 2. I turned ___ and saw Mary’s face in a window. 3.”I’ll turn you ___ a frog!” said the Witch to the Prince. 4. He turned the whole house ___ trying to find some up-to-date information on computers. 5. He couldn’t sleep but just turned ___ in his bed till six o’clock in the morning. 6. Charles turned ___ to be a very good friend; he was really very helpful when I was in trouble. 7. The wind was so strong that it turned our umbrellas ___. 8. Will you turn the television ___: I have a problem hearing what mother is saying. 9. In a few seconds six white mice turned ___ six beautiful horses. 10. Elizabeth was turning ___ the pages of her book without reading. 11. You’ll have to turn ___ tomorrow.
Задание 7. Определите, в какой части предложения содержится ошибка.
1. It’s getting dark, let’s turn into the light.
a b c d
2. Turn on the radio if you are not listening to it.
a b c d
3. Could you ask the conductor where to get down?
a b c
4. You’ll find details of TV programmes at the bottom in the page seven.
a b c d
5. My friend works at the chemist’s on the town center.
a b c d