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ɉɟɪɦɫɤɢɣ ɤɪɚɣ
1-ɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ – ɫ 1-ɝɨ ɩɨ 
10-ɟ ɪɟɣɬɢɧɝɨɜɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ
2-ɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ – ɫ 11-ɝɨ ɩɨ 20-ɟ ɪɟɣɬɢɧɝɨɜɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ
3-ɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ – ɫ 21-ɝɨ ɩɨ 30-ɟ ɪɟɣɬɢɧɝɨɜɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ
4-ɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ – ɫ 31-ɝɨ ɩɨ 38-ɟ ɪɟɣɬɢɧɝɨɜɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ
Ɋɢɫ. 3. Ɋɟɣɬɢɧɝɨɜɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜ ȺɉɄ ɉɟɪɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ
ȼ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶɸ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɷɬɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɦɢ, ɢɦɟɸɬ ɤɪɟɩɤɢɣ ɡɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥ ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɶ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ. əɪɤɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ – ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɜɢɧɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɜ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɤɚɦɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɢ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɜɨɞɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ Ʉɭɧɝɭɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ.
Ɋɚɣɨɧɵ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɭɸ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ, ɦɟɧɟɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɵ. ɇɢɡɤɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ, ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ, ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ (ɜ ȿɥɨɜɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɢ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ Ʉɨɦɢ-ɉɟɪɦɹɰɤɨɝɨ ɨɤɪɭɝɚ) ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ. ɇɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɑɚɣɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɑɟɪɧɭɲɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɣɨɧɵ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
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ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɭɥɭɱɲɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ.
ɉɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɬɪɟɬɶɸ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ, ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɧɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɦ ɨɡɞɨɪɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɩɪɨɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɦɟɬɢɜɲɚɹɫɹ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ. ɋɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ, ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɥɚɬɵ ɬɪɭɞɚ, ɧɢɡɤɚɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɥɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɲɥɢ ɜ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɸ ɦɚɥɵɯ, ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɬɢɥɢ ɫɜɨɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ.
ɉɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɸ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦɭɸ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ, ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɭɸ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ, ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬ ɧɢɡɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɢ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ. ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɟɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɬ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ.
ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɚɝɪɨɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɵ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɦɢ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ, ɜɢɞɢɦɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪ, ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɥɢɲɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɟɬ. ɉɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɪɵɜ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ȺɉɄ, ɧɨ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ [81].
ɍɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ: ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ (ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɢ ɫɵɪɶɹ); ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɲɢɧɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ (ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ); ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɣ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɢ; ɚɝɪɨɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ (ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɢ); ɤɨɧɫɚɥɬɢɧɝɨɜɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ; ɧɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɵ; ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ; ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɵ; ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ; ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɟ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɵ [93] (ɪɢɫ. 4).
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Ɏɨɧɞɵ
Ȼɚɧɤɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɜɟɧɱɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɧɵɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ȼɢɪɠɢ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɢ |
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ |
ɋɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ |
ȼɵɫɲɢɟ ɇɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɂɧɠɢɧɢɪɢɧɝɨɜɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
Ʉɨɧɫɚɥɬɢɧɝɨɜɵɟ
ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ
Ɉɪɝɚɧɵ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ |
Ɉɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ |
ɉɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ |
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ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ |
ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ |
Ɋɢɫ. 4. ɍɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɚ
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɩɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɨɜ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ-ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɨɜ, ɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɟɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 5).
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ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɩɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɦ ɊɎ* |
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 5 |
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ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ |
Ɍɚɬɚɪɫɬɚɧ |
ɍɞɦɭɪɬɢɹ |
ɇɢɠɟɝɨɪ. |
ɋɚɦɚɪ. |
ɋɜɟɪɞɥ. |
Ɍɸɦɟɧɫɤɚɹ |
ɉɟɪɦɫɤɢɣ |
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ɨɛɥ. |
ɨɛɥ. |
ɨɛɥ. |
ɨɛɥ. |
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ɤɪɚɣ |
ȼɚɥɨɜɚɹɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɹ |
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ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ |
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ɜɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ |
77 221 |
21 845 |
31 514 |
32 388 |
35 715 |
33 904 |
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21 041,4 |
ɰɟɧɚɯɜɨɜɫɟɯ |
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ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹɯ |
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ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜ, ɦɥɧ ɪɭɛ. |
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ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ 5
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ |
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ɇɢɠɟɝɨɪ. |
ɋɚɦɚɪ. |
ɋɜɟɪɞɥ. |
Ɍɸɦɟɧɫɤɚɹ |
ɉɟɪɦɫɤɢɣ |
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Ɍɚɬɚɪɫɬɚɧ |
ɍɞɦɭɪɬɢɹ |
ɨɛɥ. |
ɨɛɥ. |
ɨɛɥ. |
ɨɛɥ. |
ɤɪɚɣ |
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ɂɧɞɟɤɫ |
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ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ |
106 |
106,3 |
102,2 |
105,9 |
103,6 |
110,3 |
101,9 |
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ɨɛɴɟɦɚ, % |
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ȼɵɪɭɱɤɚ ɨɬ |
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ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɫɟɝɨ, |
26 452 |
9077 |
12 468 |
7915 |
13 935 |
9554 |
8544 |
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ɦɥɧ ɪɭɛ. |
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ȼɵɩɥɚɱɟɧɨ |
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ɫɭɛɫɢɞɢɣ ɜɫɟɝɨ, |
3874 |
784 |
1127 |
788 |
1288 |
1963 |
1104 |
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ɦɥɧ ɪɭɛ. |
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Ɋɚɡɦɟɪ |
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ɜɵɩɥɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ |
0,15 |
0,09 |
0,09 |
0,10 |
0,09 |
0,21 |
0,13 |
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ɫɭɛɫɢɞɢɣ ɤ |
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ɜɵɪɭɱɤɟ |
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ɋɪɟɞɧɟɦɟɫɹɱɧɚɹ |
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ɡɚɪɚɛɨɬɧɚɹ ɩɥɚɬɚ |
3944 |
3207 |
3913 |
3554 |
6472 |
5959 |
4071 |
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ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚ, |
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ɪɭɛ. |
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ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ |
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ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ |
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ɧɧɵɯ ɭɝɨɞɢɣ ɜɨ |
4503,4 |
1739,4 |
2870,7 |
3825,3 |
2123,3 |
3119,2 |
2161 |
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ɜɫɟɯ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹɯ |
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ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜ, ɬɵɫ. ɝɚ |
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ȼɵɪɭɱɤɚ ɧɚ ɨɞɢɧ |
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ɝɚ ɫ/ɯ ɭɝɨɞɢɣ, ɬɵɫ. |
5,9 |
5,2 |
4,3 |
2,1 |
6,6 |
3,1 |
4,0 |
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ɪɭɛ. |
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ɂɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɢ ɜ |
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ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥ |
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ȺɉɄ (ɛɟɡ ɥɟɫɧɨɝɨ |
11809 |
2817 |
5709,1 |
4555,5 |
4080,4 |
4076,9 |
3688,8 |
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ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ), |
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ɦɥɧ ɪɭɛ. |
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* ɋɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɨɬɞɟɥɚ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɉɟɪɦɶɫɬɚɬɚ
Ɉɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨ-ɰɟɥɟɜɨɦɭ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ (ɪɢɫ. 5), ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ, ɤɚɤ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɦ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɚ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ [60, 84, 91].
49
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Ȼɸɞɠɟɬ ɉɟɪɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ |
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ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ |
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Ɏɨɧɞ ɫɨɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɧɚ |
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«Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ 2009–2012 ɝɨɞɵ» |
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ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ (ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ) |
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ɂɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɮɨɧɞ (ɛɸɞɠɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ)
1.ȼɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɦ 200 ɦɥɧ (ɞɨ ѿ ɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɐȻ) ɜ ɝɨɞ + ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ 350 ɦɥɧ ɢɡ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɚ
2.ɇɚɭɤɚ, ɤɨɧɫɚɥɬɢɧɝ, ɩɥɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ – 100–
120ɦɥɧ ɪɭɛ. ɜ ɝɨɞ Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ:
8ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɹ ɢ ɨɜɨɳɟɣ;
20ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɨɦ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ;
5ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɬɢɰɟɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ;
7ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ.
ɂɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɢ 12–15 ɦɥɪɞ ɪɭɛ., ɫɭɛɫɢɞɢɢ 4,5 ɦɥɪɞ ɪɭɛ. ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ 1 ɪɭɛ. ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 3 ɪɭɛ. ɜɧɟɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ
Ʉɨɧɤɭɪɫ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ – «Start-up» ɜ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɯ –
ɜɵɩɥɚɬɚ ɫɭɛɫɢɞɢɣ ɩɨ ɮɚɤɬɭ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ «ɬɨɱɟɤ ɪɨɫɬɚ» ɢ
ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɹ ɡɚ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɨɪɚ
Ɍɟɤɭɳɢɟ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
(ɛɸɞɠɟɬ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ)
100–150 ɦɥɧ ɪɭɛ. ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ + ɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ
ɋɭɛɫɢɞɢɢ ɧɚ ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɹ, ɫɟɦɟɧɚ, ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ
ɉɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɜ ɈɆɋɍ– ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ
ɉɪɨɟɤɬ «Ɇɚɥɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɟɥɟ» -
120 ɦɥɧ ɪɭɛ. ɉɪɨɟɤɬ «Ʉɚɞɪɵ ɜ ȺɉɄ» - 200 ɦɥɧ
ɪɭɛ. ɢɡ ɎɋɊ +
ɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɠɟ ɢɡ ɋɭɛɫɢɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɚ
ɩɨɞɫɨɛɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɪɟɫɬɶɹɧɫɤɨ-ɮɟɪɦɟɪɫɤɢɯ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜ
ɋɭɛɫɢɞɢɢ ɧɚ ɠɢɥɶɟ, ɜɵɩɥɚɬɵ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦ, ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ
Ɋɢɫ. 5. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ȺɉɄ
ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɤɚɤ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ ɬɪɟɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ [64]:
1)ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɦ (ɜ ɪɹɞɟ ɫɬɪɚɧ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɨɧɢ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɵ ɨɬ ɧɚɥɨɝɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶ, ɧɢɡɤɢɣ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɦɢ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɨɩɥɚɬɵ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɧɢɡɤɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɩɨɞɨɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɥɨɝɚ ɢ ɬ. ɞ.). ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɢɯ ɜɡɧɨɫ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɵ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɡɞɨɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ;
2)ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɧɟɫɭɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɩɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɫɟɥɚ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɀɄɏ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɸ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɧɟɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɥɨɹɦ. ɗɬɨ ɨɬɜɥɟɤɚɟɬ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ. ȼ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ, ɡɚɦɟɬɢɦ, ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤ;
3)ɧɢɡɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɨɩɥɚɬɵ ɬɪɭɞɚ, ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɫ ɜɵɩɥɚɬɨɣ ɢ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɦɟɫɬ ɜɟɞɭɬ ɤ «ɥɸɦɩɟɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ» ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɪɟɜɧɢ, ɱɬɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɞɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ.
ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɚɝɪɨɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ – ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɚɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɜ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɚɯ. Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɚɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ.
Ʉ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦ, ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɦ ɧɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ [74]:
– ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫ ɜ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ;
– ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɮɨɧɞɚɦɢ;
– ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɜ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ;
– ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ;
– ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɥɶɯɨɡɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦ, ɝɨɪɨɞɚɦ, ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɦ.
Ⱦɟɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɜɥɢɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ȺɉɄ ɩɨ ɞɜɭɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ. ȼɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɡɞɟ ɧɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɯ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ, ɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ. Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɚɯ ɩɨɪɨɠɞɚɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɨɧ ɢ ɩɨɹɫɨɜ ɩɪɢɝɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ, ɝɞɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɦɚɥɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚɛɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ.
51
ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɞɟɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ – ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɜɥɢɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɭɞɨɟɦɤɢɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ ȺɉɄ.
ɋɟɥɶɫɤɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɜɫɟ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɭɤɨɟɦɤɭɸ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɝɞɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɧɟ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɤɚɤ ɡɟɦɥɟɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ, ɚ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɬɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɇɌɉ. ɇɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɚɭɤɚ ɜ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɫ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɤɨɣ. ȼ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɭɤɚ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ, ɚ ɧɚ ɫɟɥɟ ɧɟ ɯɜɚɬɚɟɬ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɫɢɥɵ [96].
ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ȺɉɄ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɥɟɠɚɬ ɢ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ, ɤɚɤ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ (ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ) ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɰɟɥɟɜɨɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ.
Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɯ ɬɟɦɩɨɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɢɬɟɬɨɜ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵ ɛɟɡ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɚɠɧɵɟ ɢ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ. Ʉɥɚɫɬɟɪɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɨɣ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟ. Ɇɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɨɩɵɬ ɞɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɨɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ.
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɢ ɤ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ȺɉɄ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɯ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ. ɇɨ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ.
ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɹɞɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɤɚɫɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ. Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ, ɫɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ, ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɰɟɥɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ – ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɚ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɧɚɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɢ
52
ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ȼɌɈ [127].
ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ:
−ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɤɪɚɹ;
−ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ;
−ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ȺɉɄ ɤɪɚɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ;
−ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɣ.
Ɇɵ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɥɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ: ɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ; ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ; ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɧɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ; ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɫ ɨɩɵɬɨɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ; ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɧɱɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ; ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ; ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɞɪɨɜ.
ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ȺɉɄ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɦɵ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɦ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɵ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɧɨɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ.
ɉɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ȺɉɄ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɨɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜ ȺɉɄ, ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɨɜ, ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɚɫɬɭɳɟɝɨ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ ɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ȺɉɄ, ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ [123].
Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɝɪɨɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɚ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɯ – ɫɥɨɠɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɟɣ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ-ɝɪɭɩɩ. Ɍɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɨɜ ɢ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ
53
ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɚ: ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɧɟ ɜɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɣ, ɱɬɨ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ. ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɚ, ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ, ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ, ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɨɜ ɦɚɲɢɧ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɚ) ɫɧɢɡɢɬ ɢɡɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ. ɉɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɧɨ ɢ ɧɚ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɭ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɬɪɟɯ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ: ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ (ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɬɨɜɚɪɢɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɛɚɧɤɢ), ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɣ (ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɵ, ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɬɨɪɝɨɜɨ-ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ) ɢ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ (ɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ, ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ, ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ).
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɚ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜɫɟ ɡɜɟɧɶɹ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭ ɤɪɭɝɨɨɛɨɪɨɬɚ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ (ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɫɟɥɶɯɨɡɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ, ɫɛɵɬ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹɨɩɬɨɜɭɸɢɪɨɡɧɢɱɧɭɸɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɸ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɝɨɫɡɚɤɚɡɚ).
ɋɪɟɞɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɨɜ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ȺɉɄ ɧɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ [97, 130]:
–ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ;
–ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ;
–ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɚɝɪɨɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɚ;
–ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɞɪɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɧɭɠɞ ɚɝɪɨɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɚ.
ɇɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɉɟɪɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɩɭɬɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ȺɉɄ.
ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɉɟɪɦɫɤɨɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɤɚ Ⱦ. ɇ. ɉɪɹɧɢɲɧɢɤɨɜɚ. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɚ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɞɚɟɬ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɦ, ɢ ɫɚɦɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɦ. ɉɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɬ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɭ
54
ɪɚɡɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ. ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɦ ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜɚɠɧɵɣ ɚɫɩɟɤɬ ɞɥɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ – ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦɢ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ.
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ, ɟɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɢ ɉɟɪɦɫɤɢɣ ɤɪɚɣ, ɢ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɦ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɥɢɲɟɧɵ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ. Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪ ɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɭɸ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ – ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ ȺɉɄ. ȼɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɭɡɨɜ ɜ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ – ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɨɪɵ ɫɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɢ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɸɳɢɟ ɢɯ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɵ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ.
Ɇɚɲɢɧɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɟɣ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɢ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɪɚɹ ɜ ɦɚɲɢɧɚɯ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ [114].
Ɋɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɟɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɥ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɚɯ ȺɉɄ ɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɭ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ.
Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬ ɪɹɞ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜ: ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɡɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɫɚɥɬɢɧɝɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɭɞɨɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ, ɨɤɨɧɱɢɜɲɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ, ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ ɩɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ (ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ-ɥɢɞɟɪɵ), ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɨɜ, ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ (ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɢɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ; ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ; ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɫɩɪɨɫɚ; ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ), ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɟ ɪɵɧɤɢ ɫɛɵɬɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 6.
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