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10.When the firm is small, all financial positions may (contract / be contracted ) into one.

11.Companies (give / is given / are given) tax benefits for charity work and concern about ecology.

Task 13

Translate the text and remember the verbs with prepositions.

As a rule, all young specialists start from the lower level positions. If you do well in the test period, you will be promoted to a permanent position. In finance very often young specialists are appointed book-keepers for a start, but very soon can be made accountants. A very experienced accountant can be offered the position of an auditor. To test professional skills of young candidates for promotion, there are professional competitions which give winners opportunities to be appointed to higher, even top positions in management.

Task 14

Insert the preposition where necessary. May be, no preposition is needed. Be attentive.

When Peter was appointed an office manager, there was nobody who reported __ him. He was responsible ___ the timely office supply of the Travel Agency he worked for. He was so much interested ___ every aspect of the travel Agency activities and proved himself so helpful that after his graduation from the university he was promoted __ the position of a book-keeper. Handling accounting documents was not a problem ___ Peter with his perfect vision memory and a high skill of computer literacy. As for calculations, Peter has always been good ___

figures.

When the Agency expanded Peter‟s responsibility‟s widened, too and he was made ___ the head of the accounting

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department. Having worked for six years in this Agency, Peter applied ___ the position of the accounting manager in a big company which opened their branch in this region. After a long interview he was offered ___ a large test to do and finally was employed and occupied the position he had applied ___ .

Task 15

Comment on these witticisms. Can you agree with it in all cases?

Cooperation, not competition is the life of business.

Good business is business with profits for both sides.

Control of enterprise is a job for the steering wheel not for the brake.

If at first you don‟t succeed, ask yourself why.

Playing fair is more worth for a customer than a price cut.

It is easy to be liberal when spending another‟s money.

Concentrate – it saves time and energy.

In business saving the pennies often means losing the pounds.

To be really successful the company must have branches as well as roots.

When it is a question of money, everybody is of the same religion.

Business is business but life is not printed on dollar bills.

Take your work seriously, but don‟t take the office home with you.

TEST3

1.Access to capital in the form of bank loans is not similar for different types of companies. _______ have the best access to bank loans and the lowest interest rate.

2.To form a sole trader and start your operations is _____ in the USA, the American text-books on business tell.

3.If the business is a ______ , there may be personality conflicts between the partners.

4.Financial positions can be compressed into 2-3 or 1 in

_______.

5.Corporations have the _____ access to capital in the form of bank loan and investments as compared to other types of business.

6.In small firms all ______ can be compressed in one or two positions.

7.A top manager, whose title may vary from CEO to the managing director in different companies, _______ for the general policy and general supervision of the company development.

8. Ivanov will _______ to the position of a controller.

9.When a managing director supervises and directs the day-to- day operations of the company, they say that he ______ .

given graphically and shows who reports to whom, we call it

“the company ______”.

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15. When a person gets a higher position with a wider scope of

16.What are the two main types of organizations, depending on their objectives?

17.Which type of business is the easiest to form and the most difficult to keep going?

18.Which type of a commercial organization has the best access to capital?

19.Do corporations have tax benefits?

20.Which type of business (a sole trader, a plc, or Ltd or corporation) pays the largest amount of taxes to the state?

21.What are the titles of the two top managers who report to the Vice-president Finance in large companies?

22.Whose staff, the Controller‟s or the Treasurer‟s, is responsible for the timely payment of taxes?

23.Which financial department in large businesses maintains accounting records and provides accurate and timely accounting information?

24.What financial document shows that a person owns a certain share of the company assets?

25.Which business, an Ltd, a plc or corporation can offer its shares at the stock exchange?

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Unit 4 Meetings and Negotiations

Text 1

Meetings (Preparing for Talks)

Vocabulary

Any deal or cooperation demands a lot of preliminary work of all sides. Before facing a prospective partner, a supplier or a competitor, future participants of the negotiations have meetings to discuss strategies and tactics of actions, possible obstacles and countermeasures. So they organize a meeting for a suitable time and date. If the matters to be discussed are urgent, they bring the meeting forward, i.e. make a meeting earlier than decided. When the situation changes, new information appears to be checked or some important participants of the discussion are absent, the meeting may be put back or postponed which means it will be made later than it was originally planned. The situation may change so dramatically, that the managers will have to cancel a meeting, so that there will be no discussion at all.

To be really productive, any meeting needs a chairperson who will run a meeting (be in charge of all discussions at the meeting).

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How to have a productive meeting? First of all, there should be a good chairperson who must be a good organizer. What they do before the meeting is as important as at the meeting itself.

Before the meeting the chairperson should make sure the agenda (the list of things to be discussed) is complete by asking those involved what should be put in it and then circulating (distributing it) for everyone concerned. The organizers of the meeting should check the venue, making sure the room will be free, without interruptions, until the end of the meeting.

The second important requirement is the chairperson should be a good timekeeper. He should start the meeting on time without waiting for latecomers and make sure each speaker does not exceed the time allocated for this issue.

They should appoint a minute-taker to take the minutes, making sure the opinions and action points(where participants agree to do something) are noted.

They should make sure each point in the agenda is allocated the time it deserves and should keep to the time-table. When the time allocated to one point is up, the chairperson should make sure the discussion moves on to the next point even if the issue has not been completely covered or resolved (the agreed decision found and approved).

The chair should make sure all participants have the chance to make their point and should deal tactfully with disagreements. The person who runs a meeting should try to avoid digressions where people get off the point. Finally, they should ensure the meeting finishes on time or early.

Third important thing is the so-called follow-up. The accurate record of the minutes is very important, especially for the next meetings: thus you can see what matters arose during the last meeting and need to be discussed and what progress has been

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made on the action points from the last meeting. Of course, all this is fully applicable to negotiations where the some stages of the progress should be recorded.

Task 1

Study the text and match the verbs (1-7) with the nouns (a-g) that they go with.

Task 2

Study the text and make preparation for the meeting of a sales department.

Who would be a good chairperson, who can be made responsible for the minutes?

What are the main points on the agenda?

How many people will probably want to make their point on

these issues?

Allocate the time for the discussion.

The recommended issues on the agenda are

Expansion plans.

New standards of sales analysis.

Employing new sales representatives in the region.

Awarding some agents for their outstanding results.

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Text 2

Types of Meetings

There are different types of meetings:

Brainstorming among colleagues when they produce as many ideas as possible (generating options for future decisions).

Project meeting or team meeting of employees involved in a particular activity. Any department gathers regularly to analyze the outcome of their work and discuss their plans. The sales department, say, has monthly meeting to analyze sales figures and introduce some corrections in case the results are worse than the target figures.

Meeting with suppliers which are usually negotiations of the prices for the order.

Meeting with a customer to discuss a contract.

Meeting with a prospective partner to develop cooperation.

Task 3

Look at the list of types of meeting and decide at what meeting you could hear each of these things.

1.I know this sounds crazy, but how about giving away 100,000 free samples of our new brands?

2.Things in the sales department are getting out of control! We should start making real efforts.

3.So, you think you can supply us 10,000 units at a unit cost

£4,90?

4.We are looking forward to working with you. I am sure we both won‟t be disappointed.

5.Amazingly, we are ahead of schedule in this project.

6.I am pleased to announce we have just reached the target figures.

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7. We cannot exceed the funds allocated for advertising for this year.

Task 4

How was the meeting? The impressions of the meeting may be very different from different points of view. Decisions made may not match somebody’s expectations. Put positive and negative opinions in different columns.

1.I think it was very productive.

2.Well, I think it was a complete waste of time.

3.I feel we had some very useful discussions and the reached agreement will be good for both sides.

4.There were too many digressions. A meeting isn‟t a chance to show off. I wonder why the chair didn‟t stop him.

5.The chair kept things moving and encouraged all the speakers to be brief.

6.I learned a lot of new and helpful.

Task 5

Insert the words from the box replacing the underlined expressions. In some cases more than one word is possible

Study text and use the underlined expressions from it.

attended; set up/fixed; postponed; brought forward; ran/chaired; missed/didn‟t attend

A meeting of the Whole Sale Club Committee was at first organized (1) for the 3 of March, but some men in the Committee had to go on urgent business trips and had to be absent(2), so the meeting was delayed (3) until the 31 of March. Then it was

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