APPENDIX

ADDITIONAL GRAMMAR EXERCISES

Participle

1.This brief description of some of the methods used in our work covers only a few of the problems encounted.

2.The resistance being very high, the current in the circuit was low.

3.As useful as lasers are becoming, we have hardly yet begun to realize their ultimate potentialities.

4.The test referred to above can be easily made.

5.There is always water vapour in the air, the amount depending upon various conditions.

6.Until now we have been discussing reactors from which no power is being taken.

7.The region of highest resistance is the point of contact between the pieces being welded.

8.Some of the effects produced by an electric current are discussed in the following chapter.

9.The voltage being increased, the field becomes strong enough to cause the electrons to produce additional ions by collision.

10.The filament heated, the electrons leave its surface and travel to the

plate.

11.Multiplying the mass of a moving body by its velocity, we shall get its momentum.

12.These suggestions are based on practical experience gained in the design of a considerable number of laboratories not to speak of the discussions with experienced workers in the field of thermodynamics.

13.In many instances an apparatus designed for quite a different purpose was adopted, certain changes being made when required.

14.The problem having excited a great deal of discussion, a series of tests had to be carried out.

15.The oil having been exhausted, the engine stopped.

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16.There are two diagrams in this figure, one of them showing the relation between volume and temperature.

17.Working at this new device, the inventor made numerous improvements, the latter resulting from his own experiments.

Gerund

1.They went on studying the nature of that new phenomenon.

2.There are different means of producing an electrical current.

3.We heard of that experiment having been started last week.

4.Radioisotopes may be used in measuring the diffusion of metals.

5.Before discussing the future development in isotope utilization, let us trace briefly the events leading to its discovery.

6.This motor is capable of effectively operating completely submerged in water as a thin-shelled can completely protects the stator.

7.An unusual electric motor has been developed which creates linear motion directly without going through rotating motion first.

8.In addition to its being used as a wide-range voltmeter, the instrument can serve as an ammeter.

9.Comparing the performance of these instruments is the only means of solving the problem under discussion.

10.The trouble was due to the fact that the engine was put into operation instead of having been tested first.

11.Laboratory testing will expand rapidly at our Institute.

12.The value of the accelerating torque determines the time taken by the motor to reach full speed from the moment of switching on.

13.Some types of motor are not suitable for braking duty, and the requirement must be specified at the time of ordering.

14.One cannot appreciate the marked improvement achieved without comparing tables II and III.

15.The machine broke on account of its having been made of a delicate

material.

16.We have learned of his starting a series of new laboratory experiments.

17.Normally, stainless steels referred to above are welded without preheating and postheating.

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Infinitive

1.It is necessary that the sample to be analysed be chemically pure.

2.The following precautions should be observed to insure valid results on our experiment.

3.To find an instrument better suited for our testing was the next problem to be solved.

4.We know the strength of a current to depend upon the resistance of the

circuit.

5.For a long time the atom was thought to be indivisible.

6.A three-inch tube has been found to be satisfactory but it is entirely practicable to use greater tubes if needed.

7.The oscillograph to be used for testing purposes is similar to that used in our laboratory.

8.If considered from this point of view, the problem seems to be rather complicated.

9.Radium is said to be one and a half million times more radioactive than uranium.

10.Tests have shown the thermometer to be very sensitive.

11.The oscillator referred to above seems to deliver only a small amount of power.

12.The instrument to be described here was developed several years ago.

13.To analyze this effect is to take into consideration all the elements of the circuit.

14.To analyze this effect we shall consider all the elements of the circuit.

15.We expected this discovery to have produced great changes.

16.It is necessary to explain why the formulas given here are correct.

17.To explain that the formulas given here are correct, it is necessary to study them first.

18.To explain why the formulas given here are correct would require considerable space.

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19.The apparatus to be designed is to be used at the power station.

20.This type of engine is said to have many disadvantages.

21.The effect of connecting cells in series is to increase the total voltage.

22.To find out the state of a mass of a gas is quite possible.

23.To find out the state of a mass of a gas one should know its volume, its pressure and its temperature.

24.The ammeter is the very instrument to measure the electric current.

25.A piece of apparatus which has the ability to maintain one of its terminals at a higher potential than the other, even though the current is allowed to flow through it, is said to develop an electromotive force.

26.To heat a body we place it in contact with another body at a higher temperature.

27.We expect most bodies to expand when heated.

28.To achieve good results we are expected to proceed in the following

manner.

29.Under such conditions laboratory testing is assumed to continue to expand rapidly.

30.To drive machines requires power.

Passive, Impersonal and Other Constructions

1.Such difficulties are often met with.

2.Three scales of 50, 100 and 250 volts have been decided upon.

3.It is necessary to point out that only brief description will be given here.

4.These capacitances are known to be inter-electrode capacitances.

5.The above possibility was not given due consideration at first.

6.It is evident that the best shielding is obtained at 0.65 wave length.

7.One could not obtain a good knowledge of the results without repeating the test.

8.It has been established that this voltage was sufficient.

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9.In the following article the different components of a cable are dealt with in turn.

10.One should keep in mind all the above-mentioned disadvantages.

11.The device is said to have been described in some earlier papers.

12.One must always be careful when operating this machine.

13.The assistant was asked to complete the experiment.

14.He was supposed to look after the machine.

15.They employ new devices to obtain better results.

16.This machine is often made use of.

17.This invention is considered to be particularly important.

18.It is quite possible that the device under consideration will work well.

19.The new power plant is reported to have gone into operation.

20.This mechanism is believed to be the best for converting heat into

work.

21.They say that the problem in question was not given due attention.

Prepositional Phrases

1.The problem of converting rotary motion to linear motion is an extremely difficult one due to the conditions just mentioned.

2.At first, this make of engine seemed to be very effective.

3.In spite of, or perhaps, because of its apparent simplicity, the scientific law in question is often misunderstood.

4.The engineer made some remarks with reference to the problem under consideration.

5.The above phenomenon may be due to two causes.

6.The inventor made a new discovery with regard to the improvement of his engine.

7.The usual method of producing high-frequency waves is by means of vacuum tubes.

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8.In view of the various sources of supply no attempt at standardizing power-station equipment was possible.

9.In the case of gases, we find that the higher the temperature, the less gas will dissolve.

10.Owing to two opposing effects, the pressure in the gas tube can be either high or low.

11.In effect, what is said with regard to one device will apply to the other,

as well.

12.According to the data obtained, the test was successful in spite of unfavorable conditions.

13.Galvanized iron is often used instead of aluminium because of its cheapness.

14.Great progress has been made in science due to the discovery of the law of gravity.

15.In order to classify the elements, they are arranged in a table in the order of increasing atomic weights and each one is assigned a number by means of which we find its position in this table.

16.Silver stands out among the tested materials thanks to its low resistance and stability.

17.Every atom is composed of at least an electron in addition to a central

nucleus.

18.The apparatus, in question, broke on account of its having been made of an unsuitable material.

Modality

1.It is an increase in temperature that increases the speed of the molecules.

2.The chief requirements for silent and vibrationless running of small motors may be found in any standard textbook on mechanical design.

3.If that be true the curves should also be true.

4.Such conditions can and do occur due to shortage of generating plants in this area.

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5.It was with this object in view that this device was in our laboratory.

6.If this system is to serve as a voltmeter, a resistor has to be added in

series.

7.In 1870 Mendeleyev arranged the elements in the form of a table and it is to Mendeleyev that we owe the present tabular form of the periodic law.

8.The brevity of the table doubtless requires that something further be said in explanation.

9.It is obvious that provided the magnetic field is produced by a coil of several turns, its intensity is much greater than if only one turn were used.

10.Naturally, this circuit can be modified if necessary.

11.Evidently, the frequency could be varied to meet different conditions.

12.Even now, it is impossible to say whether future improvements may not depend on the results of researches that seem unimportant today.

13.No matter in what position the cell may be put, it will serve its pur-

pose.

14.It is clear that the decision had to be made as to whether the uranium should be in the form of long rods.

15.One must keep in mind all the above figures.

16.Unless they apply new devices, it will be necessary to proceed as fol-

lows.

17.It was the diameter of the wire that we did change to obtain the above

results.

18.It is desirable that there be only one tuning control for picture and for

sound.

19.There will be no transfer of electricity between the two charged bodies provided they are joined by a glass rod.

20.Had we carried our scheme further at that time (that is 3 weeks ago), the instrument indication would have been quite different.

21.Were that liquid heated, it would greatly expand.

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