8. Verb, the categories of tense and time correlation.

9. Verb, the categories of voice and aspect.

Traditional opposition: common aspect (the unmarked member of the opposition and continuous aspect (the marked member) call - ------ + be calling

2) G.O. Curme distinguishes 4 aspects:

Durative aspect represents the action as continuing. He is eating.

Point-action aspects call attention, not to an act as a whole, but to only one point, either the beginning or the final point. The ingressive type is often expressed by begin, start, in connection with an infinitive or get, grow, fall, turn, become, run, set, take in connection with an adjective, participle, noun or a prepositional phrase. He awoke early. He often gets sick. Effective type of point-action aspect directs the attention to the final point of the activity or state. The two friends fell out. He knocked him out.

Terminative aspect indicates an action as a whole. He handed me a book. I overlooked this item in my calculation.

Iterative aspect indicates an indefinitely prolonged succession. He pooh-poohs at everything. He threw his head back and haw-hawed

The category of voice

1) Traditional opposition: active voice (the unmarked member of the opposition) and passive voice (the marked member) invites - ------+ is invited

2) At various times the following three voices have been suggested in addition:

• The reflexive, as in He dressed himself.

• The reciprocal, as in They greeted each other, and

• The middle voice, as in The door opened.

10. Verb, the category of mood. Other types of expressing modality.

11. The theory of a phrase.

12. Transformational Generative Grammar.

13. Syntactic relations in a phrase, sentence, text.

14. Sentence in Transformational Generative Grammar.

15. Simple sentence. Structural approach.

16. Sentence in semantics.

17. Sentence in pragmatics.

18. Actual division of the sentence.

19. Composite sentence: compound and complex sentences.

20. Text Grammar.