7.4. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 105

stimulus in perfusion bioreactor, cell elongation and striation in the cell constructs were clearly detected, as well as enhanced expression level of Cx-43 [34].

7.4SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

This chapter described the development of bio-mimetic cell culture systems, designed to recapitulate some aspects of the actual in vivo cardiac environment. Advances in the design of perfusion bioreactors solved a critical problem in cardiac tissue engineering, leading to the enhancement of mass transfer within the construct and attaining thicker tissues. In conjunction with the applied mechanical and electrical stimulations, synchronously contracted cardiac patches were produced.

The field of in vitro cardiac tissue engineering has greatly advanced in recent years, as the cardiac patches developed so far mimic to a large extent the native cardiac tissue features and function. Clearly, the success of this strategy for scar replacement and /or support depends on the extent and how fast the integration into the host tissue would be. In the next chapter, we describe methods intended to increase vascularization of the cardiac patch, a process which should assist in its integration.

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