4.5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 49

Figure 4.3: Alginate scaffold porosity affects cell behavior and tissue morphology. Depending on the freezing regime, the scaffolds can be prepared with isotropic (A) or anisotropic (B) pore structure. The pore architecture influences cell organization in the scaffold: endothelial cells cultivated in anisotropic alginate scaffolds (C, magnified in D), and C3A (human hepatocyte cell line) spheroids grown in isotropic alginate scaffolds (E).

4.5SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

This chapter provided an overview of the biomaterials used in tissue engineering. It presented the basic criteria for material selection and design, the type of natural and synthetic polymers in use and their advantages/drawbacks, as well as scaffold types and their fabrication methodology. The summary is not exhaustive but focuses on those concepts that have given or are expected to

50 4. BIOMATERIALS – POLYMERS, SCAFFOLDS, AND BASIC DESIGN CRITERIA

give significant input to a better understanding of the biomaterials and their application in various strategies of cardiac tissue engineering and regeneration.

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