Утевская Н.Л. - English Grammar Book. Ключи - 2011

than three or four years your senior. 12. She can’t have failed to know about it. 13. On Monday I shan’t be able to give you a definite answer yet. 14. They may not have come yet. 15. And who could switch on the light in my room? 16. It is already quite dark. I must have been sleeping for a very long time. 17. He must ring you up soon. 18. Can he have told you to come here? 19. Where is my key? You must have lost it. I can’t have lost it. I may have left it in the pocket of my coat.

Exercise VIII (p. 225)

1. You may not answer this question if you don’t wish. 2. You might have let me know about it beforehand. 3. You are a doctor you must know the symptoms of this illness. 4. May we use the dictionaries? No, you can’t. 5. Your watch must be fast. 6. A waiter must have understood a foreigner in a wrong way, and he brought a wrong dish. 7. He can’t have let us down. 8. Could anybody think that this team would win? 9. He hasn’t visited us for a long time. He must have been unaware that we were already in Moscow. 10. They must have caught the train. Otherwise they would already return. 11. They must have been misinformed. They had to come today. 12. Could you give me a consultation today? 13. Can you have believed them? They must have played a joke on you. 14. You would better send a letter to him; he may not guess that some affairs delay you and he will worry. 15. Could I ask you to call on me a bit later?

Exercise IX (p. 226)

On Sunday in the morning I had to go to the library to prepare for the report that I had to make at the English lesson. But I couldn’t get the necessary books as I came late. Some other student must have taken them before me. I had to come earlier. It was annoying that I will have to come once more. When I was going to leave a tall woman about thirty years old came up to me and said, “Your face is familiar to me. We must have met, but I don’t remember where.” “I don’t remember either,” said I. “We may have met in some rest home in summer.” “Maybe. We can’t have worked or studied together. Then we had to remember each other better.”

Have to – Have Got to

Exercise IV (p. 228)

1.I have to work a lot now as I was ill and lagged behind the group.

2.You will have to speak to him personally. 3. We had to wait at the

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station till the rain was over. 4. I had to apologize though it was not easy for me. 5. The book has to be bound otherwise some pages can be lost. 6. You have to get up very early, don’t you? 7. He has to reprimand you, doesn’t he? 8. He didn’t have to take entrance exams. 9. We didn’t have to see them off to the hotel as they knew the way well themselves. 10. The work has to be done today. 11. He said that you would have to go there yourself. 12. The whole page had to be reprinted because of one misprint. 13. She had to drink tea without sugar. 14. I don’t have to be there before three o’clock. 15. One of the guests took a seat near me. I didn’t have to say who he was. 16. You have short and curly hair. – I had scarlet fever and I had to cut my hair. 17. He had to move nearer to hear her.

To Be to

Exercise III (p. 230)

1. I stood at the window looking at them disappear, and my heart kept repeating “Good-bye, good-bye!” I was not to see them for nearly five years. 2. Nobody met me when I came. I was to have arrived by the ten o’clock train, but I couldn’t get a ticket for it.

3.Remember that we are to be at this place not later than eight.

4.Why are you so late? Didn’t you get my letter saying that we were to meet at 4? 5. There was a violent storm that night and the Albatross which was to arrive at the port in the morning had to drop anchor near an island a hundred miles off the port. 6. Large sums are now being spent on educational development and still larger sums are to be spent in the near future. 7. We were to play a duet together. 8. He was to have had a music lesson in the morning but the teacher called up to cancel it.

Exercise IV (p. 230)

1. I wondered what was to happen to us. 2. It looks like raining. You have to take your raincoats. 3. We agreed that the one who came first was to reserve seats for the rest of us. 4. Nobody met me at the airfield as I was to have arrived a day later and could not warn any of my friends of the change. 5. He always puts off doing what he has to do until it is to be done. 6. We were to leave on Monday but because of two days’ delay with the visas we had to book tickets for Wednesday.

7.There is nothing strange in what he did. It was to be expected.

8.It was too late to change the plan and it had to remain as it was.

9.You do not have to tell him about it if you don’t want to. 10. You are

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not to tell him anything about it before you get further instructions.

11.They hoped to spend the summer together, but that was not to be.

12.Do I have to do it all by myself? 13. The headmaster arranged that the children were to be taken home by bus.

Exercise V (p. 230)

1. The meeting was to begin immediately after the lessons. 2. We had to postpone the meeting because the lecturer had fallen ill. 3. If you want to take the first place in the races, you have to train much more. 4. According to the new timetable you are to train on the sports ground from 2 o’clock till 4 o’clock. 5. We decided that in August everybody was to take part in the harvest. 6. Next year our plant is to begin the output of new radio sets. 7. You are to prepare this work by Thursday. 8. I was to prepare this work by Thursday. I had to prepare this work by Thursday. 9. You are not to stop the work till you finish it. Tomorrow will be already Thursday. 10. I had to prepare this work by Thursday. 11. I will have to prepare this work by Thursday. 12. As he had prepared everything beforehand he doesn’t have to do it now. 13. There was no choice; he had to agree.

Exercise VI (p. 231)

1. I was slightly surprised finding out so many people in the hall where I was to speak. 2. I don’t have to go there before 5 o’clock. 3. He was invited to his friend’s to have dinner. After dinner they were to go to the cinema. 4. It was announced over the radio that President was to speak. 5. Next day he took me to the long car trip. And at 7 o’clock we were to have dinner at our friends’. 6. When I found out that the train had already arrived, I had to take a taxi and hurry home as my sister had no key from the flat. 7. He had left long ago and was to return by 5 o’clock. 8. I was to be there an hour ago. 9. Why did they have to leave this house? 10. He told me that I was to wait for him here. 11. According to the contract the goods were to arrive at the port at the end of the week. 12. He was to have come here last week, but he didn’t come. 13. He is nowhere to be found.

Need

Exercise III (p. 232)

1. What she has done is so silly that we needn’t discuss it. 2. It was so near that everybody agreed that they needn’t take a car. 3. We needn’t cook all the potatoes. 4. Need we change our clothes for dinner?

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5. We have a lot of time. We needn’t hurry. 6. Need you go there by all means? 7. You needn’t spend all the money on them. 8. You needn’t have worried. – I promised my parents to be here for some time more. 9. He put an envelope on the table. “All the money is there”, he said. “You needn’t count it.” 10. You know children. They break everything. I needn’t tell you about it. 11. He knew that he needn’t explain anybody anything. 12. I think that we needn’t pay her so much attention. 13. You needn’t be afraid of me. 14. We needn’t listen to all the orators. 15. You needn’t have ordered a room in a hotel. We have a vacant bedroom.

Exercise IV (p. 233)

1. We have a telephone installed, and now we needn’t go to the neighbours. 2. You needn’t go to the street; our neighbours have a telephone. 3. A new stadium has been built in our district now, and the children don’t have to go far. 4. They needn’t go so far, they can study in our reading room. 5. You needn’t answer this question if you don’t want. 6. You don’t have to come yourself. You may send somebody. 7. He needn’t worry. Everything will be all right. 8. You needn’t have gone to the library. I had all the necessary books at home. 8. A toothache had stopped by the evening, and he decided that he needn’t go to the doctor. 10. Did you have to spend much time on this work? 11. I didn’t have to buy a new dictionary as I had such a dictionary at home. 12. You needn’t have bought this dictionary, I have an extra copy at home. 13. Our conversation continued not for a long time, everything was quite clear, and we needn’t go into unnecessary details. 14. He needn’t have postponed his trip. It didn’t help all the same. 15. All the words in the text were well known and I even needn’t use the dictionary.

Exercise V (p. 233)

1. Has the teacher said that we must learn this text by heart? 2. The teacher said that we needn’t have learned this text by heart. 3. You had simply to read it. 4. Don’t make a noise, the children must be sleeping. 5. Nobody must have told him about it. 6. They were to have come at 5 o’clock and now it is already 6 o’clock. 7. They must have forgotten that they were to come at 5 o’clock. 8. I hope that you didn’t have to wait long, don’t I? 9. I hope we won’t have to wait. 10. This book is to be found in any library. 11. Need you get excited about such trifles? 12. You needn’t worry. You will pass your exams well.

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Ought to

Exercise IV (p. 235)

1. You ought to be more attentive. 2. You ought to have postponed your trip until your mother gets well. 3. You ought to consult a doctor. You may be unwell. 4. You ought to have tried to persuade him, but not to quarrel with him. 5. He didn’t understand you. You ought to have explained your point of view in details. 6. You ought to be more attentive because you make many mistakes in the text. 7. You ought to have told the truth. It would save you from many troubles. 8. You ought not to dial the telephone number until you are sure that it is right. 9. You ought to have sent a telegram yesterday immediately on your arrival. 10. He ought to be at home and take care of his sick mother. 11. I’ll tell you something that you ought to know to my mind. 12. I ought not to have allowed you to make such presents to me.

Should

Exercise III (p. 237)

1.Tea is between half past five and six, and it should be ready now.

2.Should the baby play with the box of matches? 3. You should have seen him yesterday on horseback. 4. “Your father and I should have arranged everything before I came here,” he said. 5. Where is the car? He shouldn’t have left it unattended. 6. He drove at great speed. He knew that about this hour the guests should have arrived at his house. 7. Then he should have laughed, but instead he heard himself saying, “Everything you say is quite true.” 8. “I don’t think he had the least idea of what I meant.” “You should have been more sincere, my dear.” 9. You should go to the concert. Why should you miss the music? 10. It was surprising that they should have met at all. 11. He did not see why he should not have discussed the matter with his chief. 12. She is in town shopping. She should be back at any moment.

13.I am very shocked indeed that you should feel it necessary to lie to me. 14. I’m sorry that you should have had a quarrel with your friend.

Exercise V (p. 238)

1. I apologize I shouldn’t have said it. 2. I think you ought to show respect to the eldest. 3. I thought that you should know about it. 4. Now I upset her. I shouldn’t have done it. 5. “Have I said anything that I shouldn’t have said?” he asked his mother. 6. You shouldn’t ask

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such questions. 7. So you were right. I shouldn’t have done it in this way. 8. What do you think I should take up? 9. I was more sincere with you than I ought to have been. 10. I said that she shouldn’t have come with him at all. 11. You shouldn’t be so critical in your age, Mike.

12.Ann is my sister. – I should have guessed. You take after her.

13.She ought to have remembered about it before. 14. I wish to do something I shouldn’t do.

Shall

Exercise II (p. 239)

1. How much shall I pay the porter? 2. When we learn something you shall hear about it by all means. 3. Shall I translate the whole text? – No, you needn’t, translate only the underlined sentences. 4. It can be done and it will be done if you only help me. 5. “Shall I play?” she asked. “Do, please.” 6. You shan’t have any reason to complain against me. 7. You shall get a book an Monday. 8. When shall he come? 9. Shall I close the door? 10. The equipment for our expedition shall be dispatched in May. 11. If you sit in a draught, you will catch cold. 12. What shall be done with these letters? 13. Shall she call you? 14. You shall do it at once.

Will/Would

Exercise II (p. 241)

1. Will you have some more sweets? 2. Would you like a drink of water? 3. I tried to speak, but the words wouldn’t come. 4. He wrote to ask me if I would come and give a talk to his class. 5. I know there is a theory that a book, if it is any good, will always find a publisher. 6. We waited till afternoon but the rain would not stop. 7. I will agree with you. 8. Will you kindly pass me some slices of bread? 9. “He talked of his new car the whole evening.” “He would.” 10. I will say it again and again. 11. Let me come in. I will not say anything, I just want to listen. 12. The lock wouldn’t open. 13. Will you really do it for me? 14. Would you mind coming a little later? 15. You will go there and tell him that the game is up. 16. Will you come round tomorrow?

Exercise IV (p. 242)

1. Will you tell me what has happened? 2. He tried to open the lid, but it wouldn’t give way. 3. I would do everything to help him. 4. He tried to

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explain, but I wouldn’t listen to him. 5. He didn’t agree with me. – He would. 6. It is Sunday today, and all the shops will be closed. 7. He tried to switch on the lighter two or three times but it wouldn’t. 8. I asked his wife what had happened to him, but she wouldn’t answer. 9. He switched off the lamp, but sleep wouldn’t come to him. 10. I think I will go and watch TV if you excuse me. 11. I wished to see only one picture, but they wouldn’t let me in as it was late. 12. “Father,” called the boy “you promised to help me with my toy train. It won’t move.” 13. I proposed her to go to the doctor, but she wouldn’t listen to it. 14. After work he would usually wait for us near the bridge.

Exercise V (p. 242)

1. You won’t do this. Remember this! 2. I will do this work though I didn’t have to sleep the whole night. 3. The shop must be still open. If you hurry, you will have time to buy bread. 4. He said that he would have to leave in some days, but we wouldn’t listen. 5. It is useless to prove him that you are right; he will never be persuaded. He is very obstinate. 6. It doesn’t concern him. He shouldn’t have meddled in other people’s business. 7. You should read this interesting article. 8. You will have to take an exam once more. You should pay more attention to grammar. 9. You should have warned us that you wouldn’t come. We wouldn’t wait for you. 10. You knew perfectly well that it would be useless, but nevertheless you did it. 11. He didn’t understand you. You should have explained your point of view in details. 12. You should have visited this ancient town long ago. 13. I promise that everything will be done. 14. The lock won’t lock. I asked you to repair it many times. 15. You won’t go anywhere till you do your homework.

Revision of All the Modal Verbs

Exercise I (p. 243)

1. Somebody has been talking, who could it be? 2. That book was one of those that one should have read it. 3. One needn’t have worried, everything has turned out all right. 4. Frequently he could be found in the garden bent over his flowers. 5. I believe he was always afraid they could laugh at him. 6. It had been arranged between them that whichever woke up first, before six had to call the other by knocking on the wall. 7. He opened his eyes and looked at the smiling young woman who leaned over him. It must be Ann, he thought. 8. He came out of the water, smiling. “You should have come earlier” he said. “We could have swum together. The water is great.” 9. “Last night, you

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know, he suddenly began to speak to me about what my future was going to be like.” “What could it have meant?” “How can I know?” 10. There was an old apple tree beside the path. I said, “I bet I can climb that.” “No, you need not,” said Jack. 11. “Well, then can you hold the line while I find the letter?” “I cannot, I’m in a telephone box.” “Then may I ring you back?” “I’m not on the telephone.” “Then I think perhaps you will better ring me back in half an hour. By then I may have some idea what this is all about.” 12. “Monday will be my last day in London,” he said. “I will have to stay down here rather late.” 13. It’s too bad she couldn’t stay with us. We could have learned a great deal about the theatre tonight. 14. If you help me now I will be able to help you later. 15. “I shall wait to hear what Lily has to say about it?” “You will have to wait a long time.” 16. I think you should certainly have told us the truth, and we could have decided what was the best thing to do. 17. If your mother calls, tell her I may be a little late. 18. On Saturday Charles broke the news to his father. He began to grumble. “You should have chosen a more suitable time to tell me. You could have known that hearing this would make me nervous.”

Exercise II (p. 244)

1. Do you think we could get home by nine? 2. I had never stopped writing to my cousin, but it must have passed seven years since we had met. 3. Can I do it as I like or must I do it as you like? 4. “Now listen to me!” he said, “I’ll tell you a few things that you had to ask before starting out.” 5. “I’m sorry about Kate,” he said. “I suppose it had to happen,” his sister answered. 6. When you came here I told you were free to come and go as you please, but you should not have visited our old friend. 7. He had to call for me in the morning at ten o’clock, but he must have forgotten about it. 8. That film was one of those that one should have seen. 9. She protested but he wouldn’t listen to her protests. 10. I think he could wait till I came back. 11. The girl must have understood me as she nodded her head. 12. You needn’t have written to him about it. 13. You needn’t have been with her so rude. She is crying now.

Exercise III (p. 245)

1. may; 2. ought to; 3. should; 4. need; 5. is to; 6. have; 7. can; 8. need; 9. must; 10. should, could; 11. must not; 12. ought to; 13. should, shouldn’t; 14. must; 15. are.

Exercise IV (p. 245)

1. Can he really have refused to help you? 2. Why must I call him the first? 3. He must have frightened you with his threats. 4. You needn’t

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worry. I promise that everything will be done. 5. You will have to agree with their conditions. 6. The whole life of the boy may be spoiled if you don’t take him from here. 7. If only I could forsee it! 8. He suggested that the competition should be fixed for 5 o’clock. 9. Shall I go and find out if he has done his work? He had to finish it yesterday. 10. Did you have to wait for him long? 11. You needn’t have come. The meeting is cancelled. 12. You should have told us about it. 13. She must have forgotten to give them our note.

Exercise V (p. 245)

1. She can’t have made such a bad deed. 2. He had to come to us in the evening. Can he have forgotten? 3. You should have told us that he was unwell. 4. It’s a pity that I didn’t have to speak to the doctor. 5. You might have told me that you would be late. 6. Yesterday I couldn’t check the exercise books of my students as I had to substitute another teacher. 7. You needn’t have come. We could finish our translation without you. 8. He said that he must hurry and left without waiting till she answered anything. 9. You may not ring me up tomorrow. I will work tomorrow. 10. The ground is wet. Here it must have just rained. 12. You needn’t have looked for the keys. They lay on the table. 13. You had to stay till the end of the meeting, didn’t you? 14. In the evening she should have gone to the party. That’s why she had to buy a new dress. 15. We may go to the country on the weekend.

Exercise VI (p. 246)

1.You may not bring your report today. But tomorrow I must have it.

2.He could go there himself; he needn’t have sent you, you are nevertheless older than he is. 3. Where can I find comrade Ivanov? He must be in the next room. 4. He can’t have been sincere when he refused to go with you to the south. Probably their parents didn’t allow him to go. 5. He needn’t have called his name so loudly, this attracted attention. 6. She is not so shy. Your question may have been unexpected to her. 7. You needn’t have asked your father; I found the magazine on your desk. 8. Can he really have lost his head? – Certainly, and he even turned red. 9. You might have warned him about it and not to put him in such an awkward position.

10.Why is she absent? Can she have been offended and decided not to come? 11. Why are you so early? – We didn’t have to sit for a long time; all the questions were settled quickly. 12. You could register the tickets over the telephone. I needn’t have gone to the railway station. 13. I was in Moscow that’s why I had to see the sights of the whole city. 14. You needn’t have given up this work.

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You were so close to the aim, weren’t you? 15. I shall be able to fulfil this work tomorrow. I should have told you about it yesterday, but I couldn’t ring you up as I had no time.

Exercise VII (p. 246)

1. Everybody, even his enemies, must admit that he had behaved in a noble way. 2. I can’t explain this strange phenomenon, I will have to read about it or ask somebody. 3. It turns out that we needn’t have registered the tickets beforehand, they may be bought on the day of the departure. 4. Haven’t you read this wonderful book? You should read it, you will have great pleasure. 5. I needn’t have reprimanded him, my words must have offended him. 6. I had no choice, and I had to agree to their proposal. 7. I hope that we won’t have to wait for a long time. 8. On Sunday I shouldn’t have done my homework because I did everything the day before. 9. Everybody should see this popular science film. 10. He is a very educated person; we should have asked him a piece of advice when we visited him. Now we shall have to wait for an opportunity when we will be able to see him. 11. He finished school with the medal, and he didn’t have to take the exams. 12. To my great pity I had no time to see all the sights of the city; I had to leave.

13.To my mind you shouldn’t have concealed this from the parents.

14.You needn’t have postponed the rehearsal, now we shall have no time to prepare for the performance.

Exercise VIII (p. 247)

1. You see you needn’t have been so excited: everything has turned out all right. 2. “You must play sport regularly, if you wish to recover”, said the doctor. 3. “I am afraid that we will have to do the work again.” “And I think that the first part may not be done again.” 4. You ought to have consulted the doctor. You may be unwell. 5. He must be a very energetic man. 6. Should we hand in our compositions by all means today? – You need not hand in them today, but you must hand in them by all means tomorrow. 7. You ought to have visited this delightful place long ago. 8. We need not have taken our bathing suits: there was nowhere to bathe. 9. You should have tried to persuade him to be under doctor’s care. 10. The captain said that the storm might burst out any minute. 11. What do you think, must I apologize for my behaviour? 12. We must hurry if we want to listen to his speech.

Exercise IX (p. 247)

1. You are carrying such a heavy suitcase. Shall I help you? If you wish my son can help you. – Thank you, you needn’t worry. – But

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