5. R eading

1. The Nobel Foundation. Read the text. Nobel Prizes

Nobel Prizes are awarded every year to people or institutions for important contributions in the fields of: Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature, Peace and Economic Sciences. Alfred Nobel, a Swedish chemist and inventor created a fund to award people or institutions and expressed his wish that the prizes should include a money award, a gold medal and a diploma with the winner’s name and the name of the field of achievement.

The Board of Directors of the Nobel Foundation controls the funds and chooses the winners in each of the six fields. The Foundation awarded the first Nobel Prizes on December 10, 1901. The winners were: Sully Prudhomme from France for Literature; Emil von Behring from Germany for Medicine; Wilhelm Roentgen from Germany for Physics; Jacobus Henricus van’t Hoff from Holland for Chemistry; and the Red Cross from Switzerland and France for Peace.

The Nobel Foundation awarded the Nobel Prize in the field of Economic Sciences in 1968 for the first time.

2. Circle t for true or f for false for the sentences below.

Nobel Prizes are awarded to people or institutions every two years. T /F

There are six fields considered for the Nobel Prizes. T /F

Alfred Nobel created gold medals for the winners. T /F

The Nobel Foundation decides who the winners of the Nobel Prizes are. T /F

Nobel Prize winners get money, a medal and a diploma. T/F

3. Write the correct question word in each question.

1. _________ does the Nobel Foundation award Nobel Prizes?

Every year.

2. _________ fields are included in the Nobel Prizes?

Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature, Peace and Economic Sciences.

3. _________ was Alfred Nobel?

He was a Swedish chemist and inventor.

4. _________ does the Nobel Prize include?

A money award, a gold medal and a diploma.

5. _________ did the Foundation award the first Nobel Prizes?

In 1901

6. D id you know?

When Pavlo Tychyna and Mykola Bazhan, both remarkable world-class poets, were nominated for the Nobel Prize, the Soviet Authorities forced them to write letters of refusal. A third poet, Vasyl Stus, the greatest Ukrainian post-war poet, who was imprisoned under Brezhnev, was nominated for the Nobel Prize in 1985 but died in a prison camp that same year.

L esson 62

1 . Vocabulary

SPECIALISTS.

A. Some of these words look so much alike that we often confuse them. See if you can get them straight. Here are some specialists with brief descriptions of their specialties. Check the one correct title that fits the description in each case.

1. He treats children’s diseases.

1. He is an orthopaedist.

2. He is a paediatrician.

3. He is a pathologist.

2. He corrects deformities of the body.

1. He is a gynaecologist.

2. He is an orthopaedist.

3. He is a pathologist.

3. He straightens crooked teeth.

1. He is an orthodontist.

2. He is an orthopaedist.

3. He is a pathologist.

4. He is a medical doctor who specializes in diseases of the eye.

1. He is an oculist.

2. He is an optician.

3. He is an orthopaedist.

5. He makes your eyeglasses.

1. He is an oculist.

2. He is an orthopaedist.

3. He is an optician.

6. He specializes in disorder of the mind.

1. He is an intern.

2. He is a psychiatrist.

3. He is a physiotherapist.

7. He treats diseases by electricity.

1. He is a pathologist.

2. He is a physiotherapist.

3. He is a psychologist.

8. His speciality is taking and interpreting X rays.

1. He is a gynaecologist.

2. He is a neurologist.

3. He is a radiologist.

9. He specializes in diseases of the nervous system.

1. He is a cardiologist.

2. He is a dermatologist.

3. He is a neurologist.

10. He treats diseases of old age.

1. He is a cardiologist.

2. He is a geriatrician.

3. He is paediatrician.

11. He specializes in skin diseases.

1. He is a dermatologist.

2. He is a geriatrician.

3. He is a pathologist.

12. He treats women’s diseases.

1. He is a dermatologist.

2. He is a geriatrician.

3. He is a gynaecologist.

13. He brings children into the world.

1. He is a gynaecologist.

2. He is an obstetrician.

3. He is a paediatrician.

B. Which of the professionals would you consult in each of the following cases?

1. to operate on an eye cataract	_ c _ _ _ _ _
2. to cure your son’s measles	_ _ d _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3. to make your new glasses	_ _ _ I _ _ _ _
4. to deliver a baby	o b _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
5. to test your eyesight	_ _ t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
6.to cure a rash on the skin	d _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
7. to treat a sick mind	p _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
8.to operate on your appendix	_ _ r _ _ _ _
9. to examine the old-age complaints of your grandmother	g _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
10. to treat Peter’s deformed hip	_ _ _ _ _ p _ _ _ _ _
11.to analyse your dreams	_ s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
12. to treat the ailments of your wife	_ _ n _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _