Evolyutsia_koreyskogo_goroda_Formirovanie_gorodskogo_prostranstva_i_transformatsia_arkhitekturnoy_formy

Ɋɢɫ ɋɯɟɦɚ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɤɪɵɲɢ

Ɋɢɫ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɬɢɩɵ ɤɪɵɲ

ɉɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɧɚ ɞɜɭɯ ɨɩɨɪɚɯ ɫɨɡɞɚɥɨ ɩɪɨɜɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɵ ɟɟ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɪɢɩɨɞɧɹɬɵ ɦɢ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɚɫɶ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɤɪɵɲɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɦɵ

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ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɣɤɚɯ ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɜɵɝɨɞɧɨ ɢ ɭɞɨɛɧɨ ɉɨɞɨɛɧɨɟ ɨɱɟɪɬɚɧɢɟ ɤɪɵɲɢ ɫ ɩɨɞɧɹɬɵɦɢ ɭɝɥɨɜɵɦɢ ɫɜɟɫɚɦɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɥɭɱ ɲɟɦɭ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɸ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ

Ɉɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɟ ɥɟɝ ɤɨɫɬɢ ɮɨɪɦ Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɤɪɵɲɢ ɨɩɪɚɜɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɟɳɟ ɬɟɦ ɱɬɨ ɨɧɚ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɦ ɜɨɡɞɭɲ ɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɫ ɟɟ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɪɚɡɛɢɜɚɟɬ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɩɨɪ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɢ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɋɥɨɠɧɚɹ ɩɨ ɨɱɟɪɬɚɧɢɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɪɵɲɢ ɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɞɨɦɨɜ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɢ ɩɚɥɹɳɢɟ ɥɭɱɢ ɫɨɥɧɰɚ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɹɟɬ ɢɯ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɩɨ ɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɦ ɝɥɢɧɹɧɵɦ ɫɥɨɟɦ ɧɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɟ ɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɯɥɚɞɭ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɞɨɦɚ ɪɢɫ 33) [1].

ɉɨɥ ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɞɜɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɨɥɚ ɨɧɞɨɥɶ ɬɟɩɥɵɣ ɜ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ ɢ ɦɚɪɭ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɣ ɜ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚɯ Ɉɛɚ ɬɢɩɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɵ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɭ ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɨɛɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɢɩɚɦɢ ɩɨɥɨɜ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɦɭ ɤɥɢ ɦɚɬɭ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɰɟɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɹ ɸɬ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɦɮɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɣ ɨɤɪɭɠɚ ɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ

Ɉɧɞɨɥɶ ɬɟɩɥɵɣ ɩɨɥ ɝɢɩɨɤɚɭɫɬ Ɉɧɞɨɥɶ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɧɚɬ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɬɟɩɥɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢ ɞɵɦɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɨɬ ɨɱɚɝɚ ɩɨɞ ɩɨɥɨɦ ɜ ɞɵɦɨɯɨɞɚɯ Ʉɚɦɧɢ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɨɥɚ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɞɵɦɚ Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɧɢɟ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɉɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɨɦ ɨɧ ɞɨɥɶ ɛɵɥ ɩɨɥ ɱɚɧɝɝɚɧ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ Ʉɨɝɭɪɟ ɝ ɞɨ Ɋɏ 668 ɝ > @ ɉɨ

ɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɧɞɨɥɶ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨ ɪɨɣ ɫɢɞɹɬ ɥɸɞɢ ɨɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɬɚɤɬɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ ɢ ɹɜ ɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɥɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ

Ɉɧɞɨɥɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɱɚɝɚ ɚɝɭɧɝ-ɢ ɢ

ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɵɦɨɯɨɞɨɜ ɤɨɪɚɷ ɪɢɫ > @ ɇɚɝɪɟɬɵɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɯ ɨɬ ɨɱɚɝɚ ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɧɢɡɭ ɜɜɟɪɯ ɜɨ ɜɯɨɞ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɞɵɦɨɯɨɞɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɬɹɧɟɬ ɝɨɪɹɱɢɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɯ ɢ ɞɵɦ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɬɪɭɛɭ ɂɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɬɢɩɵ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛ ɪɚɡɧɵ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɞɵɦɨɯɨɞɨɜ ɨɬɚɩɥɢ

152

ɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ȼ ɢɧɬɟɪɶɟɪɟ ɨɱɚɝ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɤɪɭɬɵɦ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɨɦ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɫɦɹɝɱɚɟɬ ɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɨɡɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɜɟɞɭɳɟɦ ɤ ɞɵɦɨɯɨɞɭ ɗɬɨɬ ɜɨɡɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɬɶ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɢ ɨɝɧɹ ɧɚɡɚɞ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɱɚɝ

Ɋɢɫ Ɍɢɩɵ ɞɵɦɨɯɨɞɨɜ ɨɬɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɧɞɨɥɶ

Ɋɢɫ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɨɬɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɧɞɨɥɶ

Ⱦɵɦɨɯɨɞ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɣ ɨɬ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɢɸ ɞɥɹ ɡɨ ɥɨɭɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɺɷɪɢ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɫ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɞ ɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɤɚɦɧɢ ɤɭɞɭɥɱɚɧ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɞ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶɸ ɫ ɞɵɦɨ ɯɨɞɨɦ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɭɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɫ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɨɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɵ ɤ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚ ɡɨɦ ɤɚɦɧɢ ɩɨɥɚ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɣ ɭɤɥɨɧ ɂɦɟɧ ɧɨ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɛɥɢɠɟ ɤ ɨɱɚɝɭ ɛɵɥɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɨ ɚɪɚɧɦɨɤ ɞɨ ɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɧɢɠɧɹɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɫ ɞɵɦɨɜɨɣ ɬɪɭɛɨɣ ɜɭɧɦɨɤ ɞɨɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɜɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ > @

153

ɇɚ ɫɬɵɤɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɵɦɨɯɨɞɨɦ ɢ ɬɪɭɛɨɣ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɹɦɚ ɞɥɹ ɞɵɦɚ ɢ ɩɟɩɥɚ ɨɧɚ ɫɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɜɵɥɟɬɨɦ ɢɡ ɬɪɭɛɵ ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢ ɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɞɵɦɨɯɨɞɵ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɛɟɡ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɯɨɬɭɧɝɨɪɚɷ ɫ ɩɪɹɦɨɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɦɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚɦɢ ɱɭɥɝɨ ɪɚɷ ɫ ɜɟɟɪɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚɦɢ ɩɭɱɚɷɝɨɪɚɷ ɫ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɹ ɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɢɚɝɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɦ ɦɚɫ ɫɨɧɝɨɪɚɷ ɢ ɫ ɫɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚɦɢ ɤɭɛɭɧɝɨɪɚɷ > @

ȼ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɨɱɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɚ ɤɨɪɟɣɰɵ ɞɟ ɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɬ ɢɡɨɛɪɟɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ Ȼɟɞɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬɶ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɨɱɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɚ ɨɧɞɨɥɶ Ɉɧɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɥɢ ɛɚɦɛɭɤɨɜɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɬɪɨɫɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɟ ɰɢɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɹɦɨ ɧɚ ɫɭ ɯɨɣ ɝɥɢɧɹɧɵɣ ɩɨɥ ɜ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɟ ɇɨ ɛɨɝɚɬɵɟ ɫɥɨɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɛɪɚɥɢ ɛɨ ɥɟɟ ɮɚɧɬɚɡɢɣɧɵɟ ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɭɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɨɬɞɟɥɤɚ ɩɨɥɚ ɩɪɨɦɚɫɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɭɦɚɝɨɣ ɨɬɞɟɥɤɚ ɬɤɚɧɶɸ ɨɬɞɟɥɤɚ ɫɦɨɥɨɣ ɫɨɫɧɨ ɜɨɣ ɲɢɲɤɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɤɚ ɢɡ ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ ɝɢɧɤɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɤɚ ɢɡ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɚ ɫɨɫɧɨ ɜɨɣ ɤɨɪɵ

ɉɨɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɩɪɨɦɚɫɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɭɦɚɝɨɣ. Ɉɬɞɟɥɤɚ ɩɨɥɚ ɩɪɨɦɚɫɥɟɧɧɨɣ

ɛɭɦɚɝɨɣ ɛɵɥɚ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɋ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɧɚ ɱɟɪɧɨɦ ɩɨɥɭ ɢɡ ɤɚɦɧɟɣ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɝɥɢɧɚ ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɫɵɯɚɧɢɹ ɝɥɢɧɵ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɩɨɥɭ ɧɚɤɥɟɢɜɚɥɫɹ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɪɢɫɨɜɨɣ ɛɭɦɚɝɢ ɧɢɡɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɤɥɟɢɥɚɫɶ ɛɭɦɚɝɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɝɨ ɤɚɱɟ ɫɬɜɚ Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɭɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɜɧɚɯɥɺɫɬ ɩɨ ɲɜɚɦ ɛɵɥ ɜɢɞɟɧ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɩɨɞɴɟɦ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɹ ɭɡɨɪ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɩɨɥɭ Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɪɨɦɚɫɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɛɭɦɚɝɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɥɚ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɥɨɟɜ ɛɭɦɚɝɢ ɫɤɥɟɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɦɚɡɤɢ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɢ ɤɥɟɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ ɫɥɟɝɤɚ ɩɪɨɝɥɹɞɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɹ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɡɨɪɵ ɢɡ ɦɚɡɤɨɜ ɤɢɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɭ ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɲɚɝɨɦ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɦɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɚ ɦɚɫɥɨɦ ɫɨɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɟɦɹɧ ɤɭɧɠɭɬɚ ɗɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɥɨ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɚ ɝɥɚɞɤɨɣ ɢ ɛɥɟɫɬɹɳɟɣ Ⱦɥɹ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɥɢ ɦɚɫɥɨ ɢɡ ɫɟɦɹɧ ɝɚɪɞɟ ɧɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɞɚɜɚɥɨ ɛɨɝɚɬɵɣ ɹɧɬɚɪɧɵɣ ɨɬɬɟɧɨɤ ɗɬɨɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɟɥɚɥ ɧɚɩɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɧɟɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɵɦ

ɉɨɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɬɤɚɧɶɸ. ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɜɵɛɪɚɥɢ ɨɞɧɭ ɪɚɡ

ɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɲɟɥɤɚ ɢɡ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɤɪɚɫɢɜɵɯ ɰɜɟɬɨɜ ɢ ɭɡɨɪɨɜ ɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɟɝɨ ɫɦɚɡɵɜɚɥɢ ɢ ɭɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɥɢ ɫɜɟɪɯɭ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɩɨɥɚ ɛɭɦɚ ɝɨɣ ɐɜɟɬɚ ɢ ɦɹɝɤɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɭɪɵ ɲɟɥɤɚ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɥɢ ɬɟɩɥɨ ɢ ɭɸɬ ɜ ɩɨɦɟ

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ɳɟɧɢɢ ɂɧɨɝɞɚ ɯɥɨɩɨɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɥ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɦɟɧɹɥ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɲɟɥɤɚ

Ɋɢɫ ɇɚɦɫɚɧɝɨɥ ɦɭɡɟɣ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɵ ɉɨɥɵ ɫ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢ ɟɦ ɫɦɨɥɨɣ ɫɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɲɢɲɤɢ ɫɥɟɜɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɦɚɫɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɭɦɚɝɨɣ ɫɩɪɚɜɚ

ɉɨɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɫɦɨɥɨɣ ɫɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɲɢɲɤɢ ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɬɢɩɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɤɢ ɢɫ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɫɦɨɥɭ ɫɨɫɧɨɜɵɯ ɲɢɲɟɤ ɉɨɫɥɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɨɹ ɝɥɢɧɵ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɥɨɠɤɟ ɢɡ ɤɚɦɧɟɣ ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɝɥɢɧɚ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɟɬ ɤɨɧɰɵ ɦɨɥɨɞɵɯ ɫɨɫɧɨɜɵɯ ɲɢɲɟɤ ɟɳɟ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɡɟɥɟɧɵɯ ɜɵɪɟɡɚɥɢ ɢ ɜɞɚɜɥɢɜɚɥɢ ɜ ɝɥɢ ɧɭ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɢɡ ɫɨɫɧɨɜɵɯ ɲɢɲɟɤ ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɚɩɥɢɜɚɥɢ ɩɟɱɶ Ɉɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɚɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɢɡ ɲɢɲɟɤ ɫɦɨɥɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɵɜɚɥɚ ɬɨɥɫɬɵɣ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɩɨɥɚ ɫ ɛɥɟɞɧɨ-ɠɟɥɬɵɣ ɨɬɬɟɧɤɨɦ Ɉɬ ɦɧɨɝɨ

ɤɪɚɬɧɵɯ ɨɱɢɫɬɨɤ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɪɨɜɨɤ ɩɨɥ ɫɝɥɚɠɢɜɚɥɫɹ ɢ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɢɡɧɨɫɨɦ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɚ ɦɟɧɹɥɚ ɫɜɨɣ ɰɜɟɬ ɧɚ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɣ ɬɵɤɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɚɪɨɦɚɬɨɦ ɭɡɨɪ ɢɡ ɲɢɲɟɤ ɩɪɨɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɵɣ ɩɨɥ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɥ ɫɚ ɦɵɣ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɢɩ ɨɬɞɟɥɤɢ

ɉɨɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɢɡ ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ ɝɢɧɤɝɨ ɉɨɫɥɟ ɢɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɫɬɟɛɥɟɣ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɧɟɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ ɝɢɧɤɝɨ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɫɟɧɶɸ ɪɚɫɬɢɪɚɥɢ ɜ ɫɬɭɩɟ ɉɨɥɭɱɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɨɞɧɨ ɪɨɞɧɨɟ ɡɟɥɟɧɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɡɚɦɟɲɢɜɚɥɢ ɞɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɬɟɫɬɚ ɢ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪ ɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɫɥɨɟɦ ɨɤɨɥɨ -ɯ ɫɦ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɭ ɜ ɫɭɯɨɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɉɪɨɫɭɲɢ

ɜɚɥɢ ɫɥɨɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɦ ɨɬ ɨɧɞɨɥɶ ɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɥɚɫɶ ɬɨɥɫɬɚɹ ɠɟɫɬ ɤɚɹ ɢ ɝɥɚɞɤɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɟɥɟɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɵɯ ɨɬɬɟɧɤɨɜ ɉɨɥ ɬɚ

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ɤɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɥɫɹ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɩɪɨɱɧɵɦ ɧɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɬɞɟɥɤɢ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɬɪɭɞɨɟɦɤɢɦ

ɉɨɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɢɡ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɚ ɫɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɪɵ Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɚ ɤ ɩɨ ɪɨɲɤɭ ɤɨɪɵ ɫɨɫɧɵ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɥɫɹ ɤɥɟɣ ɫɜɚɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɡ ɢɧɞɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɦɭɤɢ ɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɗɬɚ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɜɵɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɬɨɥɫɬɵɦ ɫɥɨɟɦ ɫɜɟɪɯɭ ɧɚ ɫɥɨɣ ɝɥɢɧɵ ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɥ ɩɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɦɚɫɥɨɦ ɢɡ ɫɟɦɹɧ ɞɢɤɨɝɨ ɤɭɧɠɭɬɚ ɢ ɫɭɲɢɥɫɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɦ ɨɬ ɨɱɚɝɚ ɨɬ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɧ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɫɹ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɦ ɢ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟ ɬɚɥ ɰɜɟɬ ɬɵɤɜɵ

Ɋɢɫ ɋɭɜɨɧ ɦɭɡɟɣ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɵ Ɋɚɡɧɨɜɵɫɨɬɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɵ ɜ ɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɨɦ ɠɢɥɢɳɟ Ɉɧɞɨɥɶ ɢ ɦɚɪɭ ɫɥɟɜɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɵɫɨɬɧɨɟ ɦɚɪɭ ɫɩɪɚɜɚ

ɏɨɥɨɞɧɵɣ ɩɨɥ ɦɚɪɭ ɉɨɥɵ ɨɬɞɟɥɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɹɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɨɫɤɚɦɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɵ ɦɚɪɭ Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɞɟɪɟɜɹɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɥ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɦɚɪɭɱɚɧ ɢ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɚ ɫ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɩɨɥɨɦ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɪɭɱɚɧ Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɩɨ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɚ ɫ ɩɨɥɨɦ ɦɚɪɭ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɷɱɯɨɧ Ȼɚɥɤɚ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɷɬɢ ɞɨɫɤɢ ɭɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɪɭɬɭɥ Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɩɨɥ ɫɨɛɪɚɧ ɢɡ ɞɥɢɧɧɵɯ ɞɨɫɨɤ ɷɬɨ ɞɟɪɟɜɹɧɧɵɣ ɧɚɫɬɢɥ ɨɧ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɚɧɦɚɪɭ ɤɨ ɝɞɚ ɢɡ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɯ ɬɨɧɦɚɪɭ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɢɡ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɯ ɧɨɥɩɚɧɦɚɪɭ ɚ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɞɨɫɤɢ ɩɨɥɚ ɧɟɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɲɢɪɢɧɵ ɦɚɝɧɨɛɢɧɨɥɦɚɪɭ Ⱦɨɫɤɢ ɫɨɟɞɢ ɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɜ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɵɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɯɨɧɝɦɚɷ ɢ ɜ ɡɚɜɢ ɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɢɩɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɞɨɫɨɤ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵ

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɨɤ ɭɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɨɥɵ ɦɚɪɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɢɦɟɧɚ Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɭɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɚ ɢ ɤɚɤ

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ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɭɡɨɪɵ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɜɚ ɬɢɩɚ ɞɟɪɟɜɹɧɧɵɣ ɧɚɫɬɢɥ ɱɚɧɦɚ ɪɭ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɵ ɜɭɦɭɥɦɚɪɭ > @.

Ⱦɟɪɟɜɹɧɧɵɣ ɧɚɫɬɢɥ ɗɬɨɬ ɬɢɩ ɩɨɥɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɚɧɞɚɯ ɧɭɦɚɪɭ ɢɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɱɟɪɞɚɤɚ Ⱦɥɹ ɞɟɪɟɜɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɬɢɥɚ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɢɡ ɛɚɥɨɤ ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɭɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɤɢ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɬɢɥɚ ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɧɟɲɧɟ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɥ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɩɪɹɦɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɫɨɤ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɩɨ ɦɨɳɶɸ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɢɦ ɛɚɥɨɤ

Ɏɨɪɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɟɪɟɜɹɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɥ Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɥ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɩɨ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ ɬɷɱɯɨɧ ɢ ɜ ɤɥɚɞɨɜɨɣ Ʉɚɪɤɚɫ ɞɥɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɞɥɢɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɟ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɷɬɢɦɢ ɛɚɥɤɚɦɢ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦɢ ɞɨɫɤɚɦɢ Ⱦɥɢɧɧɵɟ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɥɨɧɧ ɩɨ ɞɥɢɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɨ ɪɨɧɟ ɞɨɦɚ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɫ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɛɪɭɫɨɦ ɤɪɵɲɢ Ʉɨɪɨɬɤɢɟ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɪɚɦɵ ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɬɢɩɟ ɩɨɥɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɟ ɬɨɞ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɲɩɭɧɬɨɜɵɦ ɡɚɦɤɨɦ39 ɧɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɹɹ ɞɨɫɤɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨ

ɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɜɨɡɥɟ ɞɜɟɪɢ ɩɪɢɛɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɉɟɪɢɥɚ ɉɟɪɢɥɚ ɪɚɧɝɚɧ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɡ

ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɩɨɞɧɹɬɵɯ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚɯ ɇɨ ɜ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɞɨɦɚɯ ɩɟɪɢɥɚ ɫ ɫɚɦɵɦɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɥɭ ɠɚɬ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɞɟɤɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɉɟɪɢɥɚ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɜɟɪɚɧɞɵ ɧɭ ɦɚɪɭ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɭɪɚɧ ɉɟɪɢɥɚ ɱɬɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɭɡɤɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɬɟɪɪɚɫɵ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ ɫɬɨɥɛɨɜ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɯɨɧɯɚɦ ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɟɪɢɥɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ ɢ ɢɡɨɝɧɭɬɵɟ ɉɪɨ ɫɬɵɟ ɩɟɪɢɥɚ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɫɬɨɥɛɨɜ

ɪɢɫ 34) [92].

ɉɪɨɫɬɵɟ ɩɟɪɢɥɚ ɤɟɹ Ɉɩɨɪɧɵɟ ɫɬɨɥɛɵ ɛɚɥɹɫɢɧɵ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɟɹ ɬɨɥɫɬɵɟ ɢ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɚɫɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɟɪɯɭ ɜɵɪɟɡɚɧɵ ɬɚɤ ɱɬɨ ɜɧɟɲ ɧɢɣ ɤɪɚɣ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɪɭɠɭ ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɜɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɝɪɚɧɶ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɥɛɨɜ ɢ ɩɟɪɢɥɚ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɷɬɨɬ ɬɢɩ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɢɬ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨ ɑɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɬɢɩ ɩɟɪɢɥ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɪɟɜɹɧɧɵɣ ɧɚɫɬɢɥ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɦɟ Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɨ ɫɤɭɥɶɩɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɢɡ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɟɤ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɢ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɨɛɜɹɡɨɤ ɛɚɥɹɫɢɧ ɩɨɪɭɱɧɟɣ Ȼɚɥɹɫɢɧɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɡɚɜɢɬ

39 ɒɩɭɧɬɨɜɵɣ ɡɚɦɨɤ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɪɭɫɶɟɜ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɲɩɭɧɬɚ ɢ

ɬɨɱɧɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɜɵɟɦɤɢ ɩɚɡɚ

157

ɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɯɨɠɢɦɢ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɚɤɚ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɚɧɫɚɧ Ɂɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɛɚɥɹɫɢɧ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɨ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɤɭɜɲɢɧɨɤ ɉɨɪɭɱɧɢ ɭ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɨɝɪɚɠ ɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɪɭɝɥɟɧɧɵɟ.

Ɋɢɫ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɬɢɩɵ ɩɟɪɢɥ ɜ ɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɨɦ ɠɢɥɢɳɟ

Ɋɢɫ ɋɭɜɨɧ ɦɭɡɟɣ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɵ ɂɡɨɝɧɭɬɵɟ ɩɟɪɢɥɚ

ɉɪɨɫɬɵɟ ɩɟɪɢɥɚ ɤɟɪɚɧ ɗɬɨɬ ɬɢɩ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɜɢ ɞɚɦɢ ɪɟɲɟɬɱɚɬɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɨɥɛɚɦɢ ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢ ɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɲɟɬɤɢ ɞɟɥɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɟɲɟɬɤɢ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚ

158

ɭɚ40 ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚ ɜɚɧ41 ɢ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɲɟɬɤɢ ɩɢɫɫɚɥ Ɇɟɠɞɭ

ɜɟɪɯɧɢɦɢ ɩɨɪɭɱɧɹɦɢ ɢ ɞɟɪɟɜɹɧɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɲɟɬɱɚɬɵɦɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɢ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɧɵɟ ɭɤɪɚɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɰɜɟɬɵ ɥɨɬɨɫɚ ɜɚɡɵ ɤɨɪɨɜɵ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ > @

ɂɡɨɝɧɭɬɵɟ ɩɟɪɢɥɚ ɤɨɧɪɚɧ. ɉɨɪɭɱɧɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɩɟɪɢɥ ɢɡɨɝɧɭɬɵ

ɜ ɞɟɤɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɞɭɝɢ ɂɧɨɝɞɚ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɪɭɱɧɟɣ ɢɡɨɝɧɭɬɨ ɜɜɟɪɯ ɤɚɤ ɤɪɵɥɨ

Ɋɢɫ Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɜɚ ɢ ɨɝɧɟɫɬɨɣɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɫɩɪɚɜɚ

ɋɬɟɧɵ. ɋɬɟɧɵ ɤɚɪɤɚɫɧɨ-ɫɬɨɥɛɨɜɨɝɨ ɠɢɥɢɳɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɬ ɤ

ɧɟɫɭɳɢɦ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦ ȼ ɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɨɦ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɠɢɥɢɳɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧ ɬɵ ɤɚɪɤɚɫɚ ɨɤɧɚ ɞɜɟɪɢ ɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ ɦɚɥɨ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɟɧ ɪɢɫ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɫɬɟɧɚ (ɫɢɦɛɢɨɤ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɫɬɟɧɚ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ

ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɢ ɨɤɨɧ ɢ ɞɜɟ ɪɟɣ ɑɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɭɸ ɫɬɟɧɭ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɜɨɡɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɨɩɨɪɵ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɬɧɨɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɤɥɚɞɭɬɫɹ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɵɱɤɢ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɲɢ ɧɵ ɤɨɥɨɧɧ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɢ ɧɢɠɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɵɱɤɢ ɧɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɵɫɨɬɚɯ ɍɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɭɤɪɟɩɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɢ ɜɟɪɬɢ ɤɚɥɶɧɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɪɚɜɧɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɵ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɨɥɛɚɦɢ

40ɍɚ , a) ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɟɪɨɝɥɢɮɚ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɤɪɟ

ɫɬɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɣ ɨɪɧɚɦɟɧɬ > @

41ȼɚɧ , wan) ɫɜɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɪɚɧɧɹɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɟɪɨɝɥɢɮɚ ɜɚɧ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɸ

ɳɟɝɨ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɡɨɛɢɥɢɟ ɞɨɥɝɭɸ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɢ ɛɟɫɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɶ > @

159

Ɋɢɫ ɇɚɦɫɚɧɝɨɥ ɦɭɡɟɣ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɵ Ɉɬɞɟɥɤɚ ɧɚɪɭɠ ɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɧ ɲɬɭɤɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɩɭɞɪɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɟɧɚ ɫɥɟɜɚ ɞɟɤɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɤɚɦɧɹɦɢ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɢ ɝɪɭɛɵɦɢ ɤɚɦɧɹɦɢ ɫɩɪɚɜɚ

ɇɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɤɚ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɲɬɢɮɬɚɦɢ Ȼɚɦɛɭɤ ɢɧɞɢɣɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɨ ɝɚɨɥɹɧ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ ɩɨɥɨɫɤɚɦɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɹɦɢ Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɚɹ ɫ ɪɭɛɥɟɧɵɦ ɫɟɧɨɦ ɝɥɢɧɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨ ɫɬɢ ȼ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ Ʉɨɪɟɢ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɬɟ ɪɢɚɥɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɟɧ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɝɥɢɧɵ ɢ ɫɨɥɨɦɵ ɞɟɪɟɜɨ

ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹ ɞɟɤɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɤɚ ɫɬɟɧ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɚ ɛɭɦɚɠɧɚɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɤɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɤɚ ɬɤɚɧɶɸ ɨɬɞɟɥɤɚ ɲɬɭɤɚɬɭɪɤɨɣ Ⱦɥɹ ɛɭɦɚɠɧɨɣ ɨɬɞɟɥ ɤɢ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɥɨɫɶ ɫɥɨɹ ɛɭɦɚɝɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɤɥɟɢɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɞɪɭɝ ɡɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɨɬɞɟɥɤɢ ɬɤɚɧɶɸ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɥ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ Ʉɨɪɺ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɚ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɢ ɩɨɥ ɩɨɤɪɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɲɟɥɤɨɦ Ⱦɥɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɤɢ ɲɬɭɤɚ ɬɭɪɤɨɣ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɤɨɜɚɹ ɲɬɭɤɚɬɭɪɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ ɢɡ ɪɚɜɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɹɤɚ ɛɟɥɨɣ ɝɥɢɧɵ ɢ ɩɟɫɤɚ ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯ ɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɟɧ ɧɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɥɚ ɛɟɥɭɸ ɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɨɫɭɞɭ ɢ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɡɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɚ ɢɦɹ ɩɪɢɩɭɞɪɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɟɧɚ ɩɭɧɛɢɨɤ).

Ɉɝɧɟɫɬɨɣɤɢɟ ɫɬɟɧɵ (ɩɚɧɯɚɹɧ). ɗɬɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɠɚɪɧɵɟ ɫɬɟɧɵ

ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɚ ɢ ɤɚɦɧɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɤɨɦɧɚɬ ɑɚɫɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɭɯɧɹɯ Ɉɝɧɟɫɬɨɣ

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