- •Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования
- •Английский язык
- •VI. Fill in the blanks with the suitable words in a proper form from the list below.
- •V. Fill in the blanks with the suitable words in a proper form from the list below.
- •IV. Fill in the blanks with the suitable words in a proper form from the list below.
- •II. Give synonyms:
- •III. Identify the word by its meaning. Make your own sentences with these words.
- •IV. Insert prepositions where necessary.
- •VI. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •II. Give synonyms.
- •IV. Insert prepositions where necessary.
- •VI. Fill in the blanks with the suitable words from the list below.
- •1. The _________ economy has become increasingly unstable.
- •2. We _________ responsibility for meeting the targets.
- •3. Seventy per cent of the country’s ________ is with Europe.
- •4. I haven’t had much _________ from my stocks and shares this year.
- •5. There's a lot of _________ between computer companies.
- •6. One of the many _________ of foreign travel is learning how to cope with the unexpected.
- •7. Tiredness was the biggest ________ in the way of their attempt to rescue the climbers.
- •8. The government is planning to abolish __________ to farmers.
- •9. The weakness of the pound should give manufacturers a ___________.
- •10. The ________ between rich and poor is still widening.
- •11. The cause of the accident is still unclear and _________ further investigation.
- •12. The war has badly damaged the country's __________.
- •13. He is trying to __________ local and foreign businesses to invest in the project.
- •VII. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •1. The train ___________ only at weekends.
- •2. A customs officer came ___________ the ship.
- •3. She hired ____________ to find out if her husband was having an affair.
- •4. Police are still no nearer to _____________ the crime.
- •6. Trying to solve the crime, they ___________ clues.
- •7. Her paper discusses the likely __________ of the global warming.
- •8. Nowadays there is growing interest in ___________, the main aim of which is to _____________ environment.
- •9. New companies often ___________ a loss in their first few years.
- •10. Let’s __________ and go camping.
- •12. She has taken part in several __________ of Roman settlements across Europe.
- •13. I want to have this package delivered by _____________.
- •14. The ship was carrying a ____________ of wool from England to France.
- •15. The skiing and the mountains were just _________.
- •Cargo, ecotourism, a private eye, to experience, courier, to preserve, out of this world, whodunits, gourmet, excavations, to track down, to solve, impact, on board, rough it , to run.
- •Exercises
- •II. Give synonyms.
- •VI. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •Exercises
- •1. very large in size or quantity
- •2. to show smth publicly
- •3. the customers of a shop, hotel, etc. considered as a group
- •4. to be a sign or symbol of smth
- •5. action against those in authority or against the rules
- •6. very thin, in a way that is not attractive
- •7. extremely unattractive
- •8. to prevent smth unpleasant from harming or approaching you
- •9. coloured substances used on your face to improve or change your appearance
- •10. extremely unpleasant or unacceptable
- •11. to keep smb or smth safe from harm, injury, damage or loss
- •12. to eat more than your body needs
- •1. The Eskimos wear animal fur to protect them … the cold winter weather.
- •2. In many societies a lack … clothing indicated … an absence of status.
- •3. … the exception of the military, the divisions … different classes of society are becoming less clear.
- •4. The tattoos were also a sign of rebellion … order.
- •5. In preliterate societies body paint or face paint is used to attract good health or to ward … disease.
- •6. A tattoo is a design made … putting a kind of dye … a cut in a skin.
- •7. Nowadays in many societies rank or status is exhibits … regulation of dress only in the military.
- •1. Sheila carried a knife _____________ attacks.
- •2. Rachel was still putting on her ____________ when the taxi arrived.
- •4. As a kid, she was really ___________.
- •5. She’s beginning ___________ symptoms of stress.
- •6. I found the whole film ____________.
- •7. Nobody really knows what the marks on the ancient stones __________.
- •8. An ____________ amount of money has already been wasted on this project.
- •9. Vitamin C may help __________ against cancer.
- •10. Dan is actually quite nice, __________ his father.
- •11. The boxes of fish smelt absolutely _____________.
- •1. Этот теплый жакет поможет защитить вас от холода.
- •2. Звезды на американском флаге означают 50 штатов.
- •3. В отличие от многих актеров, Харрис – довольно скромный человек.
- •4. Столица была разрушена во время восстания.
- •5. Тебе следует больше кушать, ты слишком тощий.
- •6. Он был действительно неприятным и скверным человеком.
- •7. Поведение толпы было отвратительным.
- •8. Зимой я принимаю витамин С, чтобы предотвратить простуду.
- •9. Люди, живущие в пустыне, носят длинную свободную одежду для защиты от солнца и ветра.
- •10. Во многих обществах недостаток одежды означает отсутствие общественного положения.
- •11. Определенная татуировка на лице мужчины может отождествлять его как члена определенного племени.
- •12. Татуировки стали очень популярными среди молодежи.
- •14. Многие люди прокалывают язык и вставляют кольцо в дырку, потому что считают это красивым.
- •15. Раскраска тела и лица используется мужчинами в некоторых племенах как форма магической защиты от опасности.
- •2. Two people are on their first date. They ask and answer questions regarding tastes in cars, music, favourite colours, etc. On the basis of the answers, they decide whether they will have a second date.
- •1. 3. A husband and a wife are shopping for a car. He wants one type (for example, a SUV), she wants another (for example, a truck). They both make a decision.
- •VII. Write an ad about yourself for a singles magazine. List your best qualities. Do not write your name on it. Your teacher will collect and type each ad and give one copy to each student. Guess which ad fits each person.
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IV. Fill in the blanks with the suitable words in a proper form from the list below.
1.We can help you ___________ your financial problems.
2.Safety must be given the highest ____________.
3.Industry leaders ___________ that another 8000 jobs could be lost by the end of the year.
4.UN leaders are working hard to find a peaceful ____________ to the conflict.
5.The weather _____________, the temperatures fell.
6.The tokens can be ______________ for goods in any of our shops.
7.The most ____________ way to plan is to put your tasks in order of ________.
8.The __________ shopping area is now a ___________ zone, in other words for walkers only.
9.Life in __________ is improving.
10.It’s terrible to _____________ daily from home to work and back because
____________ in our city needs to be improved.
Affluent, priority (2), to worsen, to exchange, mass-transit system, efficient,
downtown, pedestrian, to commute, to solve, solution, to predict.
V.Insert prepositions.
1.Due … overcrowding, the cities in developing countries have problems … pollution, diseases and crime.
2.People spend hours … gridlocks when they commute daily … their homes … work and back.
3.Many people don’t have access … health services and jobs.
4.The city planners established a list of priorities … the leadership of the mayor.
They decided to focus … the environment.
5.At these centres poor people exchange the trash … fresh produce.
6.… a recycling plant, workers separate bottles, plastic … other trash.
7.Wide doors allow people to get … and … the bus quickly and efficiently.
8.Store owners take care … a few street children. … exchange. The children do simple jobs … the garden.
9.The city has strict laws … polluters.
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10. Careful planning and creative thinking can lead … solutions … many problems.
VI. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
1.Мы должны сконцентрироваться на одной из главных проблем нашего города – общественном транспорте, и попытаться найти эффективное решение данной проблемы.
2.Мы обменялись адресами и пообещали писать друг другу.
3.Кто загрязняет воду, кроме крупных промышленных предприятий?
4.Ученые предсказывают невероятное перенаселение к 2010 году.
5.Владельцы магазинов принимают на работу бездомных подростков для работы в саду.
6.Когда мусор попадает на перерабатывающий завод, рабочие отделяют стекло и бумагу от остального хлама.
7.Уличное движение с множеством пробок вызывает загрязнение воздуха.
8.Если вы закажете четыре окна, цена снизится на 10%.
9.В богатых странах существуют строгие законы и высокие налоги.
10.Вам приходиться ежедневно ездить на работу в цент города. Почему бы вам не купить машину?
11.Она уверена, что средний доход ее мужа намного выше той суммы,
которую он приносит домой.
12.Все еще невозможно точно предсказать происхождение землетрясения.
13.Когда финансовое положение компании ухудшилось, несколько директоров подали в отставку.
14.Перенаселение – одна из самых серьезных социальных проблем развивающихся стран.
15.Я обменял эти брюки на больший размер.
16.Многие жители и компании принимают участие в озеленение городов,
создании зеленых зон и поддержании чистоты.
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Part 2: Sick-Building Syndrome
Words to remember
treat (v.) – to use medicine or medical methods to cure an illness: treat someone for something / treat someone with something
symptom (n.) – a sign that someone has an illness
investigate (v.) – to try to find out the facts about something in order to learn the truth
about it
pollute (v.) – to make an area or substance, usually water, air or earth, dirty or harmful to people, animals and plants
pollutant (n.) – a substance that is harmful to the environment
pollution (n.) – the process of damaging the air, water, or land with chemicals or other substances: the pollution of local rivers
respiratory (adj.) – relating to the process of breathing air in and out
release (v.) – to let a substance or energy spread into the area or atmosphere around it, especially as part of a chemical reaction: release something into something
give off (v.) – give off something to produce something such as heat or a smell
sore (adj.) – painful and uncomfortable, usually as a result of an injury, infection, or too much exercise: a sore throat
clean up (v.) – to make a place completely clean and tidy
damage (n.) – physical harm caused to something so that it is broken, spoiled, or injured: damage to / do damage / serious/severe/extensive damage
investigate (v.) – to examine a crime, problem, statement, etc. carefully, especially to discover the truth
19
Exercises
I. Give English equivalents of the words and word combinations from the text.
Обратиться к врачу за лечением; усталость; воспаленное горло; головная боль;
проблемы с дыханием; лечить инфекцию антибиотиками; симптом;
расследовать; загрязнение воздуха внутри помещения; по всей стране; очищать воздух; самочувствие; загрязняющие вещества; слезящиеся глаза; дыхательные инфекции; отопление; выделять химические вещества; вдыхать; недостаток вентиляции; очищать здание; наносить ущерб; комнатные растения; протекать;
определять; плесень; доступный, имеющийся в наличии.
II. Match the words with their meanings.
1. symptom |
a. relating to the process of breathing in and out |
2. respiratory |
b. to let a substance spread into the atmosphere |
3. pollutant |
c. to use medicine to cure an illness |
4. to release |
d. physical harm caused to smth so that it is broken, injured |
5. to treat |
e. the process of damaging the air, water, land with |
|
chemicals |
6. damage |
f. painful and uncomfortable, usually as a result of injury, |
|
infection |
7. pollution |
g. a substance that is harmful to the environment |
8. sore |
h. a sign that smb has an illness |
III.Insert prepositions where necessary.
1.There are several solutions … the problem … sick-building syndrome.
2.One scientist discovered that houseplants actually remove pollutants … the air.
3.The students had strange health problems and went to doctors … treatment …a number of symptoms.
4.Doctors treated respiratory infections … antibiotics.
5.People have worried … smog for many years, and the government has spent billions of dollars to try to clean … the air in big cities.
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6.Recent studies have shown that air … many homes, office buildings is full …
pollutants.
7.These pollutants cause … a group of unpleasant and dangerous symptoms, which are similar … the flu and respiratory infections.
8.There are many products made … particleboard which give … chemicals that we can’t see but that we breath … .
9.Synthetic products release toxic chemicals … the air.
10.The most common cause of sick-building syndrome is lack … ventilation.
IV. Fill in the blanks with the suitable words in a proper form from the list below.
1.He’s complaining of all the usual ___________ – high temperature, headache and so on.
2.This disease doesn’t respond to ___________.
3.The fertilizers and pesticides used on many farms _____________ the water supply.
4.Sulphur dioxide is one of several __________ that are ___________ into the atmosphere by coal-fired power stations.
5.The manifesto includes tough measures to tackle road congestion and environmental ___________.
6.Many buildings were badly ____________ during the war.
7.They help you talk through your problem but they don’t give you any
____________.
8.When they die, plants _________ gases such as carbon dioxide and methane.
9.A short time later I heard some noise outside and went to __________ .
10.Her eyes were __________ from studying all night.
11.___________ to the building could take six months to repair.
12.Vitamin deficiency can be properly diagnosed and __________ by a doctor.
To pollute, to damage, to give off, to investigate, sore, damage, symptoms,
treatment, to treat, pollutants, to released, solution.
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V.Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
1.У меня сильно болело горло и было трудно дышать. Я чувствовал, что мое состояние ухудшалось, и попросил вызвать врача. Врач обнаружил у меня признаки пневмонии и сказал, что я должен лечиться в больнице.
2.Мы узнали, кто расследует это дело, и предложили ему небольшую сумму денег.
3.Моя бабушка всю жизнь выращивает комнатные растения и считает, что они очищают воздух внутри помещения от ядовитых веществ.
4.Пациентов лечили сочетанием медикаментов и физических упражнений.
5.Новое агентство отвечает за контроль загрязнения воздуха.
6.Огонь нанес серьезный ущерб их дому.
7.Его лечили от редкого заболевания кожи.
8.Возможно, пора попробовать новый курс лечения.
9.Мы не будем инвестировать в компании, которые загрязняют окружающую среду.
10.Курение может вызвать респираторные заболевания.
11.Нет легкого решения данной проблемы.
12.Плесень и бактерии быстро размножаются в помещениях с плотно закрытыми окнами, потому что свежий воздух не проникает внутрь.
13.В домах, офисах, школах полно вредных для здоровья веществ, которые выделяются из пластика, ДСП, ковров, обоев, а также чистящими средствами.
14.Причины загрязнения воздуха внутри помещений могут быть разными.
15.Вам необходимо хорошо проветривать помещение, т.к. недостаток вентиляции может привести к воспалению гортани или даже раку легких.
16.Все эти симптомы очень похожи на грипп.
VI. Ask your friend(s) about ecological problems such as air and water pollution, noise pollution, acid rains and others in his/her native town; say what the state of affairs in your native town is. Make use of the active vocabulary of the chapter.
22
CHAPTER 3
BUSINESS AND MONEY
Part 1: Banking on the Poor
Words to remember
collateral (n.) – property that you agree to give to a bank if you fail to pay back money you have borrowed
peer pressure (n.) – the influence that other people of your own age or social class have on the way you behave or dress
ill (n.) – a problem or difficulty
character (n.) – someone’s reputation, especially when this shows how honest or reliable they are
capacity (n.) – the ability to do something: capacity to do something / capacity for
lift (n.) – to improve the situation that someone or something is in: lift someone out of
something
eradicate (v.) – to get rid of something completely, especially something bad: subsidiary (n.) – related to something else but less important than it
plough back (v.) – to put any profits made by a business back into it in order to make it more successful
escape (n.) – an act of avoiding or getting away from a person, place, or bad situation: escape from: He had no means of escape from his debts.
worthless (adj.) – 1. not having any value, or not useful
2. a worthless person has no good qualities
fund (n.) – a financial organization that manages an amount of money by investing it approve (v.) – to have a positive feeling towards someone or something that you consider to be good or suitable: approve of / approve of someone doing something initiative (n.) – the ability to decide in an independent way what to do and when to do it status (n.) – someone’s position in a profession or society, especially compared to other people: social/professional status
literacy (n.) – the ability to read and write
23
Exercises
I. Give English equivalents of the words and word combinations from the text.
Бедность, бедный; в дополнение; представлять; занимать (брать взаймы); заёмщик;
честный; вывести из бедности; отвечать (соответствовать) условиям; опрашивать;
залог, обеспечение займа; вести дело, управлять компанией; владеть землёй; ценный;
выплатить; разорвать круг бедности; давать ссуду, предоставлять заём;
присоединиться; одобрить; получить ссуду; убедиться, проследить; зависеть от;
анонимный, неизвестный; важность чего-л.; предоставление займов для малого бизнеса; неудача, провал; швейная машина; предприниматель; к несчастью; главным образом; вспомогательный, второстепенный; главная цель; понижаться;
уничтожение, искоренение; иметь доступ к; нестоящий, никчемный; получить уважение; взять на себя инициативу; насилие; в отличие от; недостаток образования;
социальные беды, пороки; грамотность; сотрудничество; верное, выигрышное дело;
социальное положение; быть успешным; основная цель; избавление от бедности.
II. Give synonyms. |
|
|
|
1. |
to get |
5. to have, to possess |
8. to occur |
2. |
subsidiary |
6. aim, purpose |
9. unknown |
3. |
useless |
7. for example |
10. to loan |
4.ability
III.Identify the word by an explanation. Make your own sentences with these words.
1.ability to read and write
2.lack of success in doing smth
3.extreme natural force, often causing great damage
4.an animal, kept by farmers for its milk and meat
5.someone who uses money to start business and make business deals
6.a machine for making clothes using a needle
7.property that you agree to give to a bank if you fail to pay back money you have borrowed
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8.an amount of money that a person or a company borrows, especially from a bank
9.a situation in which someone does not have enough money to pay for their basic needs
10.someone who borrows money from a bank
11.something that is likely to happen, or someone or something that is likely to be successful
IV. Insert prepositions where necessary.
1.There seems to be no escape … crime in modern life.
2.He started a car decorating business and lifted his family … … poverty.
3.What happened … the money I lent you?
4.You won’t be able to receive a loan, if one member doesn’t approve … it.
5.She understood the importance … being honest, only when she lost her “good name” and nobody trusted her any more.
6.A person must meet some necessary conditions to borrow money … a bank.
7.What have you spent all your money …?
8.If students have access … the Internet, they use it for their researches.
9.Happiness depends … how you look at life.
10.I discovered my capacity … drawing when I was ten.
11.Unlike men, women spent the loans … business and not … themselves, that’s why we prefer do business mainly … women.
V. Fill in the blanks with the suitable words in a proper form from the list below.
1.They are worried about their ________ to invest for the future.
2.Inflation will be completely __________ from the economy.
3.He had no means of _________ from the debt.
4.Employees are encouraged to use their _________ if faced with the problem.
5.She used her house as __________ for a loan.
6.There is tremendous _________ to wear fashionable clothes.
7.She was criticized so much by her employers that she began to feel _________.
8.There seems to be no cure for Britain's social _________.
9.My client is a man of good ________.
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10.All the profits are being _________ into the company.
11.The company's shares are now virtually _________ shares.
12.I thoroughly _________ of what the government is doing.
13.Computer _________ is becoming as essential as the ability to drive a car.
Literacy, capacity, worthless (2), to approve, to eradicate, peer pressure, initiative,
to escape, collateral, ills, character, to plough back.
VI. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
1.Поверь мне, это верное дело. Мы ничем не рискуем. Я знаю других предпринимателей, которые успешно ведут подобные дела.
2.Когда вы придете на собеседование, владелец компании обязательно спросит о компьютерной грамотности.
3.Если у нее будет доступ к моим деньгам, я потеряю все мои миллионы уже через год.
4.Ты знал, что женщины составляют 51% населения мира?
5.Все жители деревни были крайне удивлены, когда он открыл бизнес по ремонту машин и купил землю. Он всегда был самым бедным их всех бедных.
6.Моя бабушка всегда мечтала купить хорошую швейную машину. Скоро у нее будет день рождения, и мы решили потратить наши сбережения на подарок бабушке.
7.Главная цель нашей организации – искоренение социальных пороков,
таких как бедность, насилие и недостаток образования.
8.Раньше мужчины и женщины не были равны между собой. В отличие от женщин мужчины обычно занимали более высокое социальное положение, а женщины считались никчемными людьми.
9.Исследователи отмечают, что количество бедных людей в Бангладеш снизилось на 5%.
10.К сожалению, не все предприниматели имели успех. Было также несколько неудач, которые помогли нам понять важность тщательного планирования.
11.Наши сомнения были вызваны анонимным телефонным звонком.
Неизвестный сообщил нам, что вы не платите налоги и не соблюдаете закон.
26
12.Проследи за тем, чтобы все члены профсоюза были приглашены на собрание.
13.Убедись, что ты выключил свет и закрыл окно.
14.Он приобрел всеобщее уважение после того, как написал свой первый роман.
Читатели отмечают его способность описывать человеческие чувства.
15.От чего это зависит? – Я считаю, что это зависит от вашей способности управлять компанией.
16.Если быть честным, я не одобряю твой образ жизни. Ты тратишь деньги на развлечения, берешь взаймы и часто не возвращаешь долг.
17.Я бы хотел одолжить у тебя велосипед. Моя машина сломалась.
18.Мы вступили в группу заёмщиков, занялись бизнесом и вывели нашу семью из бедности.
19.Обеспечение займа – это что-то ценное. Например, вы владеете домом – это дом. Банк конфискует его, если вы не выплатите ссуду вовремя.
20.Чтобы жениться на моей дочери, вы должны выполнить два условия:
первое – бросить курить и второе – доказать, что вы чего-то стоите.
21.Что произойдет, если человек, которому банк предоставил заём, исчезнет?
Обеспечение ссуды (залог) защищает банк от убытков. Банк имеет право забрать имущество этого человека.
22.Она понравилась ему больше, когда он узнал, что ей принадлежит большой дом и земля в Германии. Я не одобряю её выбор.
23.Очень трудно получить заём, если у тебя нет никакого обеспечения.
Part 2: Consumerism and the Human Brain
Words to remember
brand (n.) – a product or group of products that has its own name and is made by one particular company
fear (n.) – 1. the feeling you have when you are frightened: fear of smth live in fear (of) (=be afraid all the time) / shake/tremble with fear
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2. something bad or unpleasant that you are afraid might happen: fear about / fear of / fear for
waste (v.) – to use more of something than is necessary, or use it in a way that does not produce the best results; to use wrongly: waste something on something
consume (v.) – 1. to eat or drink something
2. to use a supply of something such as time, energy, or fuel consumer (n.) – someone who buys and uses goods and services.
consumerism (n.) – the belief that it is good for a country if people buy and use a lot of goods and services.
variety (n.) – a collection or number of people, things, ideas etc that are all different from one another
various (adj.) – different and more than a few huge (adj.) – extremely large in size: ENORMOUS
marketing (n.) – the ways in which a company encourages people to buy its products by deciding on price, type of customer, and advertising policy: a marketing campaign advertise (v.) – to try to persuade people to buy a product or service by announcing it on television, on the Internet, in newspapers etc
advertisement (n.) – a short film on television or short article on radio that is intended to persuade people to buy something: COMMERCIAL
advertising (n.) – the business of making advertisements: an advertising agency persuade (v.) – 1. to make someone agree to do something by giving them reasons why they should: persuade someone to do something
2. to make someone believe that something is true: CONVINCE persuade someone (that) / persuade someone of something
persuasive (adj.)– good at making people agree to do or believe what you want them to: a persuasive argument/case
target (v.) – to try to persuade or influence a particular group of people: television advertising targeted at children
dissatisfaction (n.) – the annoyed feeling you get when something is not as good as you expected it to be: dissatisfaction with
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offensive (adj.) – unpleasant or insulting, and likely to make people upset or embarrassed
offend (v.) – to make someone upset and angry by doing or saying something outweigh (v.) – to be more important, useful, or valuable than something else
need (n.) – a situation in which it is necessary for something to be done: need for / a need to do something / meet a need (=provide what is needed)
image (n.) – 1. an opinion that people have about someone or something, which may not be a true one: image of
2. a picture or idea of something in your mind: mental image
addicted (adj.) – 1. unable to stop taking an illegal or harmful drug: addicted to: He admitted he was addicted to cocaine.
2. enjoying a particular activity very much and spending as much time as you can doing it: addicted to: I don’t want the kids getting addicted to stupid TV programmes.
addiction (n.) – 1. a strong need that someone feels to regularly take an illegal or harmful drug: addiction to: an addiction to nicotine
2. a strong need or wish to spend as much time as possible doing a particular activity: addiction to: His addiction to the Internet is taking over his life. irrational (adj.) – not thinking or behaving in a clear reasonable way
reasonable (adj.) – 1.someone who is reasonable behaves in a sensible and fair way 2. if something is reasonable, there are good reasons for thinking
that it is true or correct
identical (adj.) – exactly the same
prophecy (n.) – a statement made by someone about something they believe will happen self-fulfilling (adj.) – something that is self-fulfilling is certain to happen because people think it is likely and then behave in ways that make it happen: self-fulfilling prophecy
compulsion (n.) – a very strong feeling of wanting to do something, especially a feeling that you cannot control
compulsive (adj.) – impossible to control and therefore sometimes harmful: a compulsive gambler/liar