• Nerve conduction latency studies – deter-

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weighing test performed with standardized bladder vol-

occur

in a

muscle

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Kromann-Andersen B, Jakobsen H, Andersen JT. Pad-

nerve stimulation

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• Reflex latency studies – assess the latency

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7.

Jorgensen L,Lose G,Thunedborg P.Diagnosis of mild stress

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Gilleran JP, Zimmern P. An evidence-based approach to

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to give the least current required for the

9.

Goode PS, Locher JL, Bryant RL, Roth DL, Burgio KL.

patient

to

perceive

a

stimulus. This is

Measurement of postvoid residual urine with portable

known

as

the vesical/

urethral sensory

transabdominal bladder ultrasound scanner and ure-

thral catheterization. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor

threshold.

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Weber AM, Taylor RJ, Wei JT, Lemack G, Piedmonte MR,

Conclusion

Walters MD.The cost-effectiveness of preoperative testing

(basic office assessment vs. urodynamics) for stress uri-

nary incontinence in women. BJU Int. 2002;89: 356-363

We can say urodynamics is not an esoteric sub-

11.

Weidner AC, Myers ER,Visco AG, Cundiff GW, Bump RC.

Which women with stress incontinence require urody-

ject of limited applicability requiring complex

namic evaluation? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2001;184:20-27

equipment. In most cases the basic principles

12.

Abrams P. Urodynamics. London: Springer-Verlag; 1997

are simple and may be applied to a series of

13.

Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. Clinical

questions formulated from the undertaking of a

practice guideline: urinary incontinence in adults.

Rockville MDOHAHSUAFHCPAR, editor. AHCPR Pub.

thorough history and clinical examination. It is

No. 96-0682. 1996

useful to view the urinary tract as a sequence of

14.

Digesu GA, Khullar V, Cardozo L, Salvatore S. Overactive

conduits within which urine movement is dic-

bladder symptoms: do we need urodynamics? Neurourol

tated by chamber pressures and resistance to

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flow,

with intervening sphincters controlling

15.

Showalter PR, Zimmern PE, Roehrborn CG, Lemack GE.

flow. It is advisable to avoid jargon terms and

Standing cystourethrogram: an outcome measure after

anti-incontinence procedures and cystocele repair in

use

the nomenclature

of

the International

women. Urology. 2001;58:33-37

Continence Society as presented earlier in this

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Zimmern P, Lemack G. Voiding cystourethrography and

chapter.

magnetic resonance imaging of the lower urinary tract.

This chapter outlines the principles and prac-

In: Corcos I, Schick E, eds. The Urinary Sphincter. Marcel

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Dekker, Inc.: New York; 2001:407-421

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Hilton P, Stanton SL. Urethral pressure measurement by

an unreliable witness,” urodynamic techniques

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have allowed for objective clarification of these

Obstet Gynaecol. 1983;90:919-933

subjective symptoms.

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Bump RC, Norton PA, Zinner NR,Yalcin I. Mixed urinary

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