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  1. Translate from English into Russian

a) Gothic builders introduced the dramatic technique of ribbed vaulting.

b) Gothic buildings were based on the traditional plan used by basilicas.

c) Freestanding brick or stone supports were attached to the exterior walls by an arch or a half-arch.

d) While barrel vaulting carried weight on continuous solid walls, ribbed vaulting used columns to support the weight.

e) The style found expression in town halls, royal palaces, courthouses, hospitals, castles, bridges and fortresses.

f) In addition to religious figures, many Gothic cathedrals are heavily ornamented with strange, leering creatures.

g) Since most people in medieval days could not read, the carvings took on the important role of illustrating lessons from the scriptures.