Контрольная работа № 7 Вариант 2

Задание 1. Выберите правильный вариант словосочетания

It was clear that ____________ was primarily the result of a favorable market situation and the effect of devaluation.

а) common stock c) industry's growth

b) capital products d) interest rates

Задание 2. Выберите правильный вариант ответа

If any provision of this Agreement is held to be invalid or illegal, it ___________ severed from this Agreement.

а) is considered c) considers

b) shall consider d) shall be considered

Задание 3. Дополните микродиалог

I see. How many employees are there? - ___________________________.

а) Yes, they are. c) I receive some commission on the investment you buy.

b) There are six of us. d) Some partnerships may be appropriate.

Задание 4. Выберите правильный вариант ответа

Subsequently, the role of the government in US has increased considerably since the ________________ of the 1930s.

a) Great Depression c) Treaty of Rome

b) World War II d) Confederacy

Задание 5. Прочитайте текст и определите основную идею текста

а) Four factors of production.

b) Economic wants and productive resources.

c) Perfect competition and monopoly.

Economists generally classify markets into four types: perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly. Perfect competition requires that the product of any seller would be the same as the product of any other seller, whom no buyer or seller would be able to influence the price of the product, and that resources would be switched readi­ly from one use to another. Four conditions define the existence of a perfectly competitive market.

1. Firms sell a standardized product. In a perfectly competitive market, the product sold by one firm is assumed to be a perfect substitute for the other prod­uct sold by any other.

2. Firms are price takers. This means that the indi­vidual firm treats the market price of the product as given.

3. Factors of production are perfectly mobile in the long run. One implication of this condition is that if a firm perceives a profitable business opportunity at a given time and location, it will be able to hire the fac­tors of production it needs in order to take advantage of them. Similarly, if its current venture no longer appears attractive in relation to alternative business ventures, it is free to discharge its factors of production, which will then move to industries where opportunities are stronger.

4. Firms and consumers have perfect information. A firm has no reason to leave its current industry if it has no way of knowing about existence of more profitable opportunities elsewhere. Similarly, a consumer has no motive to switch from a high-priced product to a lower-priced one of identical quality unless he or she has in­formation about the existence of the latter.

Price and output under perfect competition are de­termined by the intersection of the market supply and demand curves. In the market period, supply is fixed. Thus price is determined by demand alone.

A pure monopoly is a market with only one seller. Monopolies may occur because of patents, control over basic inputs, and government action, as well as because of decreasing average costs up to the point where the market is satisfied. The key feature that differentiates the monopoly from the competitive firm is the price elasticity of demand facing the firm. In the case of the perfectly competitive firm price elasticity is infinite. If a competitive firm raises its price slightly, it will lose all its sales. A monopoly, by contrast, has significant control over the price it changes.

The output of a perfectly competitive industry tends to be greater and the price tends to be lower than un­der monopoly. Under certain circumstances, it can be shown that society would be better off if more resourc­es were devoted to the production of the good than under monopoly, the competitive output being best.

One way that society has attempted to reduce the harmful effects of monopoly is through public regula­tion. Monopolistic competition occurs when a large number of firms produce slightly differentiated products. These firms sell similar but not identical products.

Задание 6. Выберите слова или сочетания слов для заполнения пропусков так, чтобы они отражали особенности оформления служебной записки

a) Subject c) From

b) As agreed, your presentation will take the following form d) To

MEMORANDUM

Date: 9 January 2000

1.________: Sales Manager, England and Scotland

2.________: Chairman

3.________: Sales Presentation - 20 January 2008

4. Following our telephone conversation, I confirm that you - and members of your sales team - will be making a sales presentation to members of the Board at 2 p.m. on 20 January._______________________:

1) Total sales (England/Scotland) for the year ending 2007.

2) The trend in total sales over the period 2002-2007.

3) The regional distribution of sales, with indications of areas of growth and 'problem' areas.

4) Sales forecasts.

I hope you and your team will give the Board a clear picture of our sales performance in England and Scotland.

May I remind you, finally, to provide 12 copies of any graphs or other visual material which you may wish to circulate to Board members.