Билет № 3

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HOW TO BE FIT

Nowadays many people try to be fit. They give up smoking, take up exercises, cut on drinking and eat healthy food. If you smoke, you clog your arteries and destroy your heart. Cigarette smoke is harmful not only for those who smoke but for people who stay nearby and in-hale it. You shouldn't miss a chance of outdoor activi­ties and exercise whenever you can. Skating and skiing in winter and swimming in summer should become a part of our daily routine.

It is important to avoid animal fat, to eat food rich in protein, to take vitamins and minerals. Fruits and vegetables are especially useful. They contain potassium which reduces the danger of the stroke. Oranges, bananas, tomatoes, spinach and cereal fiber are good sources of potassium. It is especially important for people with high blood pressure.

Some years ago scientists made an observation that people who live in Mediterranean countries have the lowest rates of heart disease. This diet has become popular in many countries, including Russia. The Tra­ditional Mediterranean diet consists of bread, milk and milk products, fruits, vegetables, especially beans and potatoes, nuts, olive oil and pasta. You can eat these products every day. Several times a week you can eat fish, poultry and eggs. And you can eat meat several times a month. Researchers of Milan University conducted a study which became a true sensation. They showed that people who had a heart attack and were sticking to Mediterranean diet after it for four years, had three times fewer cases of a heart attack than people who ate meat. Scientists believe that fat in fish and olive oil reduces blood pressure and reduces the risk of a heart attack.

Latest research data show that a small quantity of alcohol can be useful for people who are over 40. Now doctors recommend their patients to consume 20-40 grams of alcohol a day. It can be good for arteries, but there is danger of getting used to it. And some words about our nerves. Be calm, easy-going and optimistic person.

Зав.кафедрой Полушина Л.Н.

Билет № 4

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MUSIC IN UNDERGROUND PASSAGES

Most street singers prefer under­ground passages, especially in the metro, which are always swarming with people.

The underground passage near the metro station Ulitsa 1905 Goda accommodates an evening quartet consisting of an accordion, tuba, percussion, and trum­pet. From time to time the ensemble expands into a quintet or sextet. Though the musicians are on in years, they play with drive and zest. Few people can walk halfway through the passage and remain indifferent.

At five in the afternoon, in the long passage connecting the Okhotny Ryad and Teatralnaya metro stations, the crowd moving in one direction and at the end of the passage came upon a guitarist and saxophonist, both dressed none too well. The guitar beat the rhythm, the sax soloed. The repertoire was simple, consisting of the most popular tunes of all times and nations. People were dropping coins into a cardboard box, mostly women. And it seemed to me the coins clinked more often when sad melodies were played. The more melancholy the music the more generous the handout. How typical of the Russian mentality!

You can even come across a serious classical ensemble in the passages. For example, evenings in the passage between the Biblioteka Imeni Lenina and Aleksandrovsky Sad metro stations a string group of four violins, two ‘cellos and a double bass per­forms. The seven play professionally. The music is mostly clas­sics of the Baroque period.

Even if you are in a great hurry, you stop to listen at least for a few minutes. The deep feeling and inspiration in every note seem to transform the world around you, reminding you, perhaps, that you were born for noble deeds, that a human soul can rise above the daily routine.

to swarm - толпиться

percussion – ударные инструменты

trumpet – труба

with drive and zest - с энергией и жаром

generous – щедрый

handout – подаяние

‘cello – виолончель

for noble deeds - для благородных дел, подвигов

Зав. кафедрой Полушина Л.Н.