Preparations of a Surgeon.

Surgeons and their assistants must prepare themselves for the operations in a scrub-up room. They wash their hands with soap and brush under hot running water for 15 minutes. After that they must rinse the hands with a solution of ammonium chloride twice, sponge them with an alcohol and paint the nails with iodine.

Before the operations the surgeon is helped to put on a sterile mask and cap and, having entered the operating room, he must put on a sterile gown, robber gloves and overshoes.

Preparation of Patient.

For a large operation on faco-mandibular area the patient is given a course of preparations. First of all his stomach must be evacuated to avoid vomiting during the operation an operating table. The patient is given a premedication, the field of his operating area is washed, shaven and painted with iodine. After that he

is laid down on an operating table and covered with a sterile sheet leaving bare only the operative field.

The anesthesist begins giving intracheal or local anesthesia. The patient falls asleep and now the surgeon may begin the operation.

It is very important to examine thoroughly the roots of teeth subjected to extraction, their size, number and shape. The X-ray examination is necessary in this case. The patient is told about the character of operation, its extension and accompanying feelings. After such warning the patient is less affected by the unpleasant feelings during the operation. Without special preparations the patient may develop some complications (fainting, collapse, shock)

Ex.5. Change the following sentences according to the model. MODEL:

The doctor has examined all the limbs.

All the limbs have been examined by the doctor.

1. The surgeons have on these patients. 2. These drugs have arrested bleeding. 3. The doctor has set a fractured bone. 4. The surgeon has prevented the fatal out come of the disease. 5. The therapeutist had discharged this convalescent. 6. The nurse had introduced the solution,of antibiotics into the wound. 7. The patient had survived the operation for a cyst extraction well. 8. The stomach ulcer had caused a profuse abdominal bleeding. 9. The nurse had dressed the patient's surgical wound.

Home Assignments.

Ex.1. Make up 5 questions to the text. Answer them.

Ex. 2. Translate into Russian and answer the question: What are counter indications for a tooth extraction?

1. A relative counter indication for a tooth extraction is epilepsy. 2. The operation in this case is possible under general anesthesia. 3. In a disease of the central nervous system (acute insult, encephalitis) the tooth may be extracted after a consultation with a neurologist. 4. Pregnant women may extract their teeth within a period of the third and seventh months of pregnancy after consulting a gynecologist. 5. Acute infections diseases or diseases of the mucous membrane of the mouth are also counter indications for a tooth extraction.

Ex. 3. Retell the text a) Russian b) English

Ex.4. Express the following sentences in the Passive Voice:

1. The nurse has put a new outer bandage on the patient's wound. 2. The doctor had determined dull heart sounds by percussion before the electrocardiogram was taken. 3. The surgeon on duty has arrested a profuse abdominal bleeding. 4. The nurse had laid the patient down on a stretcher when the doctor came into the ward. 5. The surgeon has just performed the operation for

appendicitis. 6. The surgeon has taken out the stitches today. 7. The nurse has removed the dressing carefully. 8. The urinalysis had confirmed the presence of albumin before the diet was prescribed. 9. They have stuck labels on the bottles. 10. The doctors have set the fractured bones. 11. These tablets had relieved an unbearable pain in my back by 2 o'clock yesterday. 12. The surgeons have put the fractured bones in plaster of Paris.

Ex. 5. Read the dialogue using the "Vocabulary" and "Notes":

Notes.

what happened что случилось

unbearable pain невыносимая боль

you should have tooth out вам следует удалить зуб

film снимок, плёнка

it does not matter это не имеет значения

to numb неметь

I can hardy speaking я едва могу говорить

to spit up (spat, spat) сплюнуть

spittoon плевательница