Subsidiaries and branches
A company can set up a branch in the foreign country to handle the sales of the product abroad. A parent company specifies the tasks and goals of a branch. Those usually consist of marketing and selling the product.
If the managers of the parent company decide to arrange the company's own production facilities (plants, factories, etc) overseas, they set up a subsidiary. A subsidiary works under the laws of the foreign country and to the profit of its parent company. Some subsidiaries are to a great extend independent of their parent companies because the home management believes that the on-site managers are in the best position to make decisions.
Vocabulary
subsidiary – филиал, дочерняя компания
parent – родитель, родительский
specify – определять, специфицировать
task – задача, задание
goal - цель
marketing - маркетинг
manager – менеджер, управляющий
facility – средство, устройство
facilities – средства производства
etc. (etcetera) – и так далее
overseas – букв. за морем, на заморских территориях, за границей
law – закон, законы
under the law – в соответствии с законом
to a great extend – в значительной мере
independent of – независимый от
management - управление, менеджмент
on-site – букв. на месте
position – положение, позиция
decision – решение
Quotas and tariffs
Sometimes the government can encourage or discourage imports and exports of goods. It imposes quotas on certain products. An export quota specifies how much of a product can a manufacturer ship out. An import quota allows you to import to certain limit. The quota may be absolute (we reach a certain amount and can ship no more) or the government can combine it with a special tariff on all units over that amount. For example, we had an import quota of 6.000 automobiles. We had bought 6.000 automobiles with a 6.5 % tariff by the end of the last year, and all others we bought with a 45 % tariff.
The government also imposes special taxes or duties on imported goods. These are tariffs. Tariffs discourage imports because they make foreign goods more expensive. There are revenue tariffs that generate tax revenues and protective tariffs that protect home manufacturers. The purpose of the revenue tariffs is to raise money, and therefore these tariffs are rather low. The protective tariffs are much higher.
Vocabulary
quota - квота
tariff – тариф
government - правительство
encourage – поощрять, поддерживать
discourage – препятствовать, ставить преграды, лишать стимулов
impose – навязывать, облагать (налогом)
absolute - абсолютный
reach – достигать, доставать (до чего-либо)
amount – сумма, количество, объём
combine – комбинировать, соединять
unit – единица (продукции)
revenue – (государственные) доходы, выручка
revenue tariff – фискальный тариф
generate – создавать, генерировать
protective – протекционистский (тариф)
raise – поднимать, аккумулировать (средства)
therefore - поэтому
rather – довольно, достаточно