1.15. Найдите в тексте примеры употребления Present Perfect и переведите эти предложения.

1.16. Выберите правильную временную форму (Present Perfect или Past Simple):

1. He was interested / has been interested in scientific research since he entered the University.

2. When did you install / have you installed the new equipment in the laboratory?

3. They didn’t give / haven’t given the explanation of these strange facts yet.

4. They determined / have determined the main properties of the substance.

5. He has just made / just made a discovery in physics.

6. They didn’t receive / haven’t received any good results when they worked with this type of equipment.

1.17. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1. What role has scientific and technological development played in man’s life?

2. What proves that science and technology are closely connected?

3. What do people use new technologies for?

4. What have people invented for all human’s history?

5. What did industrial technology start with?

6. How many scientists worked in 1970s? What was the result of this scientific activity?

1.18. Используя данные вопросы в качестве плана, подготовьте нeбольшое сообщение о роли науки и технологии в жизни человечества.

1.19. Напишите мини-сочинение о том, какое научное открытие облегчило человеку жизнь (объем 150-200 слов).

Unit 2 Scientists and Inventors

2.1. Найдите логические связи между фамилиями ученых, научными открытиями и изобретениями. Составьте 10 предложений с использованием пассивного залога,

по образцу: Telephone was invented by Al. Bell.

… was formulated …

… was discovered …

… was created …

А B

Al. Bell radium

Rud. Diesel dynamite

S. Morse theory of relativity

A. Nobel internal combustion engine

M. Currie steam engine

A. Einstein radio

J. Watt periodic table of elements

I. Newton telephone

A. Popov telegraphic dot-and-dash alphabet

D. Mendeleyev law of gravitational force

2.2. Прочитайте следующие международные слова вслух и догадайтесь об их значении.

industrialist patriotic

сontrast molecular

millionaire nation

idealist nationality

philosophy ideals

structure penicillin

linguist financial

radium radioactivity

2.3. Имена многих людей стали известными, благодаря их достижениям. Прочитайте слова и выберите те, что ассоциируются с именем Альфреда Нобеля. Составьте предложения, подтверждающие ваш выбор, используя фразы:

In my opinion …

I think ….

As I know …

It’s known that …

Sholokhov Russia mining contrast

Germany peace literature

Sweden money steam

millionaire penicillin

radium

dynamite

radio

2.4. Прочитайте текст и выясните, правы ли вы. Alfred Nobel – a Man of Contrasts.

Alfred Nobel, the great Swedish inventor, was a man of many contrasts. He was a son of a bankrupt, but became a millionaire. He was a scientist with love of literature and industrialist who was able to remain an idealist. He made a fortune¹ but lived a simple life. Cheerful in company he was often sad when he remained alone. A lover of mankind, he never had a wife or a family to love him. He invented a new explosive², dynamite, to improve the peacetime industries. However, it was used as a weapon of war. A patriotic son of his native land, he died in a foreign country.

He was born in Stockholm on October 21, 1833, but moved to Russia with his parents in 1842. His father Emmanuel made there a strong position for himself in the engineering industry. Emmanuel invented the landmine³ and got plenty of money for it from government during the Crimean War, but then went bankrupt. Most of the family went back to Sweden in 1859.Four years later Alfred returned back too and began his own study of explosives in his father’s laboratory. He had never been to school or university but had studied privately. By the time when he was twenty he was a skilful chemist and an excellent linguist.

Like his father, Alfred was imaginative and inventive, but he had better luck in business. He was never really concerned with making money or scientific discoveries. He never expected any reward⁴ for what he had done. He was always searching for a meaning of life. He began to care about the whole mankind. He took every opportunity to help the poor. His greatest wish was to see an end to wars and peace between nations. He spent much time and money working for the cause until his death in Italy in 1896.

In his famous will⁵ Nobel wrote that he had left money to provide prizes for outstanding work in physics, chemistry, physiology, medicine, literature and peace. According to his will the capital was invested to form a fund. The money from this fund can be given to the candidates of any nationality, no matter if it is a Swede or not. Since Nobel’s death many greatest scientists, writers and public figures from different countries have become Nobel Prize winners.

Слова к тексту:

1. make a fortune – сколотить состояние

2. explosive – взрывчатый, взрывчатое вещество

3. landmine – воен. фугас

4. reward - награда

5. will – завещание