It was sunny, but there was a cold wind.

While it was sunny there was a cold wind.

She’s very clever, but she’s got no common sense at all.

I know how you feel, but I think you’re making a mistake.

The job is well paid, but it’s deadly boring.

I’m interested in economics, but I wouldn’t want to work in a bank.

The hotel was nice, but it was a long way from the beach.

Compare because and because of, and (al)though and in spite of.

She lost her job because she was ill.

She lost her job because of her illness.

Although/Though it was raining we went out for a walk.

In spite of the rain we went out for a walk.

Exercise 5. Complete the sentences with although or in spite of.

........... it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday.

........... all my careful plans, a lot of things went wrong.

............ I had planned everything carefully, a lot of things went wrong.

I love music ............ I can’t play a musical instrument.

............ being very tired, we carried on walking.

The heating was full on, but ............ this house was still cold.

Keith decided to give up his job ......... I advised him not to.

.......... she smokes 40 cigarettes a day, she is quite fit.

We can say in spite of but despite without of.

In spite of poor health, my father was always cheerful.

Despite my qualifications, I didn’t get the job.

We can also use despite the fact that or in spite of the fact that.

He insisted on playing, despite the fact that he had a bad cold.

They ignored, this order, in spite of the fact that they would probably get into trouble.

Exercise 6. The sentences below all have in spite of or despite. Use one of the noun groups given to complete them.

the unpopularity of his decision the difference in their ages the high cost of living

his recent illness all his precautions the heavy traffic

her fear his injury the rain

The air was fresh and clean in spite of …………………

He looked very well in spite of …………………............

Despite ........……....... she did her best to smile bravely.

He refused to change his mind despite ...........…….........

Despite ...........….….......... they were very close friends.

I didn’t earn much in Japan in spite of …….....................

In spite of ……....................... his money was still stolen.

He continued the race despite .......………........................

We still had our picnic in spite of ……….........................

The expressions both ... and; neither ... nor can join nouns, verbs or other kinds of expressions.

She plays both tennis and badminton. He both things and dances.

That’s neither interesting nor true. Neither Sue nor Ann was there.

Exercise 7. Join the sentences with both... and or neither... nor.

He repairs cars. He repairs motorbikes. (He repairs both ... )

He doesn’t speak English. He doesn’t speak French.

I don’t like her. I don’t dislike her.

I admire him. I distrust him.

Paul is on holiday. Sally is on holiday.

The secretary did not have the file. The accountant did not have the file.

The play was funny. The play was shocking.

He collects paintings. He collects jewellery.

You’re not right. You’re not wrong.

She didn’t look at me. She didn’t say anything.

Exercise 8. Translate the following sentences into Russian.

1) We decided to cross the mountains so that we could reach the airfield in the daytime. 2) Put on your warm coat lest you should catch cold 3) She wept bitterly as she told her story. 4. Since it was Sunday she stayed in bed. 5) He was giving up his job in order to stay at home. 6) She treats him as though he was her own son. 7) He looked as if he hadn’t slept very much. 8) As they live near us we can see them quite often. 9) The expedition may be dangerous nevertheless I’ll take pan in it 10) We agreed to break till tomorrow for it was already late. 11) Now that there was really a fair chance of success, it must not be missed. 12) I feel stronger than I did.