3. Запомните необходимый минимум профессиональной лексики:

motion	движение
internal combustion engine	двигатель внутреннего сгорания
ignition	зажигание
fuel	топливо
crankshaft	коленчатый вал
driveshaft	приводной вал
piston	поршень
connecting rod	шатун
TDC	верхняя мертвая точка
transmission	трансмиссия, передача
gearbox	коробка переключения передач
clutch	муфта сцепления
prop shaft	карданный вал
torque	крутящий момент
vehicle	транспортное средство
output	выход
slippage	проскальзывание

Задание II

1. Определите по формальным признакам, какой частью речи являются следующие слова, и переведите их:

Initiate, gaseous, mixture, formerly, complication, efficiency, rotational, slippage

2. Определите значения префиксов и суффиксов в следующих словах и переведите их:

Overall, submarine, pre-mixed, propeller, manually, operator, output

Задание III

1. Подберите эквиваленты к глаголам, обозначенным цифрами:

1. burn	a) превышать
2. self-ignite	b) передавать
3. inject	c) оправдывать
4. exceed	d) расходовать
5. compress	e) самовоспламеняться
6. transmit	f) избегать
7. justify	g) впрыскивать
8. expend	h) сжимать
9. switch	i) сжигать
10. avoid	j) переключать(ся)

2. Подберите эквиваленты к словосочетаниям, обозначенным цифрами:

1. combustion chamber	a) двухтактный двигатель
2. compression ratio	b) зубчатый редуктор
3. spark ignition	c) коэффициент сжатия
4. two-stroke engine	d) источник питания
5. volatile fuel	e) искровое зажигание
6. power source	f) камера сгорания
7. live axle	g) летучее топливо
8. gear reduction	h) ведущая ось

3. Подберите подходящую пару к словам, обозначенным цифрами. Полученные словосочетания переведите.

1. mechanical	a) engine
2. petrol	b) conversion
3. compressed	c) ratio
4. compression	d) motion
5. torque	e) air
6. gear	f) stroke

4. Заполните пропуски предложенными словами:

Transmission, steam, switching, plug, off-road, machine

1. Gas engine uses a spark … to ignite an air-fuel mixture.

2. Diesel engines were originally used as a more efficient replacement for stationary … engines.

3. Since 1970s, diesel engines are widely used in large on-road and … vehicles.

4. A … consists of a power source and a power … system.

5. … between gear ratios can be done manually or automatically.

Задание IV

1. Найдите в тексте сказуемые в пассивном залоге.

2. Найдите в тексте прилагательные в сравнительной и превосходной степени.

3. Найдите в тексте предложения с модальными глаголами.

Задание V

1. Определите, какие из данных утверждений истинны, а какие ложны:

1. Heat engines burn a fuel to create heat which then creates motion.

2. The diesel engine has the lowest thermal efficiency.

3. Petrol engines run at lower speeds than diesels.

4. In British English the term ‘transmission’ applies to the whole drive train.

5. Switching between gears is always done automatically.

6. In motor vehicles the transmission is generally connected to the crankshaft.

2. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:

1. What is an engine?

2. What is the difference between diesel and petrol engines?

3. How is the word ‘transmission’ used in British and American English?

4. Where are transmissions commonly applied?

5. How is the transmission output transmitted?

Задание VI

1. Выполните письменный перевод текста.

2. Выполните устный пересказ текста, используя необходимые фразы.

Supplementary texts

Работа с дополнительными текстами:

1. Составьте лексический минимум к тексту, состоящий из 20 лексических единиц.

2. Составьте к тексту 10 вопросов разного типа.

3. Выполните устный пересказ текста, используя необходимые фразы.

Why Study Engineering?

Engineers shape the world by turning ideas into reality. Look around you, engineers are involved in the design and manufacture of almost everything from computers to cars, from houses to helicopters and many medical advances in recent years have been achieved as a result of the work done by engineers.

A scientist may ask why a problem arises, and proceed to research the answer to the question or actually solve the problem in his first try, perhaps creating a mathematical model of his observations. By contrast, engineers want to know how to solve a problem, and how to implement that solution. In other words, scientists attempt to explain phenomena, whereas engineers use any available knowledge, including that produced by science, to construct solutions to problems.

Engineering applies scientific and technical knowledge to solve human problems. Engineers use imagination, judgment, reasoning and experience to apply science, technology, mathematics, and practical experience. The result is the design, production, and operation of useful objects or processes.

Chemical Engineering

Chemical engineering is the application of science, in particular chemistry,physicsandmathematics, to the process of converting raw materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms.

Chemical engineers are engaged in the development and production of a diverse range of products, as well as in commodity and specialty chemicals. These products include high performance materials needed for aerospace, automotive, biomedical, electronic, environmental and military applications. Examples include ultra-strong fibers, fabrics, adhesives and composites for vehicles, bio-compatible materials for implants and prosthetics, gels for medical applications, pharmaceuticals, and films with special dielectric, optical or spectroscopic properties for optoelectronic devices. Additionally, chemical engineering is often intertwined with biology and biomedical engineering. Many chemical engineers work on biological projects such as understanding biopolymers (proteins) and mapping the human genome.

Civil Engineering

In modern usage, civil engineering is a broad field of engineering that deals with the planning, construction, and maintenance of fixed structures, or public works. Civil engineers are responsible for things such as roads, structures, water supply, sewage systems, flood control and traffic. In essence civil engineering is the profession which makes the world a more habitable place to live.

Engineering has developed from observations of the ways natural and constructed systems react and from the development of empirical equations that provide bases for design. Civil engineering is the broadest of the engineering fields. In fact engineering was once divided into only two disciplines - military and civil. Civil engineering is still an umbrella field comprised of many related specialities.

Civil engineering encompasses all of the following fields:

• Environmental engineering

• Geotechnical engineering

• Hydraulic engineering

• Material science

• Structural engineering

• Surveying

• Transportation engineering

Electrical Engineering

Electrical engineering is an engineering discipline that deals with the study and application of electricity, electromagnetism and electronics. The field first came to public attention in the late nineteenth century with the installation of the first large-scale electrical supply networks and now encompasses a range of sub-disciplines including power, control systems, electronics and telecommunications.

Whilst the terms are often used synonymously, electrical engineering is sometimes distinguished from electronics engineering. Where this distinction is made, electrical engineering is considered to deal with the problems associated with large-scale electrical systems such as power transmission and motor control whereas electronics engineering deals with the study of small-scale electronic systems including semiconductors and the design of integrated circuits.

Mechanical Engineering

Mechanical engineering is a very broad field of engineering that involves the application of physical principles for analysis, design, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems. Continuum mechanics, structural failure, thermodynamics and drafting are all important fields that come under the umbrella of mechanical engineering.