Ахмедзянова_английский_язык

6.This is an old screwdriver. Bring me a new one.

7.A: Please give me the spanner. B: Which one?

A:The large one.

8.A: Please bring me the screwdriver.

B:Which one?

A:The one with the long handle.

9.A: Please give me the knife.

B:Which one?

A:The one with the round handle.

4.СТЕПЕНИ СРАВНЕНИЯ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНЫХ

ИНАРЕЧИЙ

4.1.Образуйте степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий

Short, strong, weak, narrow, hard, light, thick, large, big, hot, wet, easy, noisy, dirty, rigid, brittle, combustible, expensive, flexible, widely, well, little, badly

4.2. Переведите предложения

1.Concrete is heavier than wood.

2.Lead is harder than steel.

3.Paper is more combustible than glass.

4.Steel is more rigid than rubber.

5.Glass is more brittle than wood.

6.Pipes are made of three main materials. Metal is the strongest material, but it is also the heaviest, and the most rigid. It is also the most expensive of the three materials.

7.Rubber is the most flexible of the three materials. But it is the weakest.

8.Plastic is the lightest material. It is also the least expensive of the three.

9.A terraced house or a flat loses less heat through the walls than a detached house.

10.Elevators help the workmen to build houses more quickly.

4.3. Прочитайте отрывок (a) и заполните пропуски в предложениях (b), поставив одно из прилагательных в скобках в нужной степени сравнения

a) There are three main materials used in making pipes: metal, rubber and plastic. Metal is stronger than rubber or plastic. It is also heavier and more rigid than rubber or plastic. Rubber is the most flexible of the three materials,

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but it is the weakest. The lightest of the three materials is plastic. It is also less expensive than either steel or rubber.

b)

1.Rubber is ___ than metal or plastic. (strong/weak)

2.Rubber is also ___ than the other two materials. (flexible/rigid)

3.The ___ of the three materials is metal. (strong/weak)

4.The ___ of the three materials is plastic. (expensive)

5.Plastic is ___ than metal. (heavy/light)

6.Metal is the ___ of the three materials. (heavy/light)

4.4. Ответьте на вопросы

1.Which is the most combustible of these three substances: steel, wood or stone?

2.Which is the hardest of these three substances: wood, steel or iron?

3.Which is the least flexible of these substances: concrete, paper or rubber?

4.Which is the lightest of these items: a bucketful of sand, a bucketful of nails, a bucketful of water, or a bucketful of sawdust?

5.Which is the noisiest of these three vehicles: a car, an airplane or a bicycle?

6.Which is the most expensive: a car, a bicycle or a truck?

4.5. Сравните гаечные ключи, изображенные на рисунке 2, и составьте предложения по образцу, используя приведенные ниже прилагательные

Образец: a) Spanner A is 90 mm longer than spanner B.

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4.6. Переведите предложения

1. How long is a ladder? It's usually more than 1.5 m long.

2. What is the width of a door? It's usually less than 2 m wide. 3. How wide is a water pipe? It's usually more than 13 mm wide.

4. How thick is a sheet of paper? It's usually less than 1 mm thick. 5. How high is a house? It's usually more than 2 m high.

6. What's the depth of a well? It's usually less than 100 m deep.

4.7. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на выделенные слова

1.This road is as wide as that one.

2.This bridge is not as long as that one.

3.This building is a bit higher than that one.

4.This board is not so thick as that one.

5.This well is twice as deep as that one.

6.This block is three times as heavy as that one.

7.This metal is much harder than that one.

8.This plastic is far lighter than that one.

9.The Nile is approximately 16 times as long as the Thames.

10.The Nile is approximately twice as long as the Volga and the Parana.

11.The Parana is a little longer than the Volga.

12.Everest is nearly nine times as high as Ben Nevis.

13.The sooner they finish building this shop the better.

14.The older the dwelling the worse facilities it has.

15.The better the insulation of your house is, the more money you save.

16.This apartment is less comfortable than ours.

17.Make the door as wide as possible.

18.Put those tools as far as possible.

19.Build this house as soon as possible.

4.8. Прочитайте и переведите отрывок, пользуясь рисунком 3

Look at the three types of wells in FIG. 1.

Well A is the simplest of the three. It consists of a pipe, a point and a pump. You hammer the pipe into the ground until the point is below water level. The pipe is usually less than10 mm wide and less than 20 m long. The width of the hole is the same as that of the pipe.

Well В is the cheapest because it has no pump. It uses a bucket and rope. The hole is usually more than 1 m wide. Well B is usually about the same depth as Well A.

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The best (and most expensive) well is C. The hole is usually less than 0.3 m wide, and the pipe has the same width as the one in Well A. The depth is usually more than 20 m. Well С uses a pump.

Рис. 3

5.МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ

5.1.Заполните пропуски в предложениях личными местоимениями a) Образец: The students have two days of practice every week. ___ work either in the workshop or at the construction site. – The students have two days of practice every week. They work either in the workshop or at the construction site.

1.Ann is a painter, ___ paints walls and ceilings.

2.John is an architect, ___ draws plans for buildings.

3.Tony is a student of the Civil engineering faculty, ___ has a great deal of training connected with his job.

4.Peter and me began tiling the walls and the floor in the bathroom two days ago. ___ will soon finish this work.

5.Kelvin and me are making a window frame, ___ are making it in a workshop.

6.Bring the ladder, please. ___ can find it in the storehouse.

7.Build your house of timber, ___ will save money.

8.Housebuilders work outside in all weathers, ___ are ready to build houses even if it is raining or snowing and in cold weather, too.

9.Civil engineers and architects have a common aim, ___ provide people with a living environment.

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b) Образец: I saw an engineer yesterday, I saw ___. – I saw an engineer yesterday, I saw him.

1.I know this woman from the city’s building company, I know ___.

2.I need a screwdriver. Bring it to ___.

3.We discussed this problem together with the foremen, we discussed it with ___.

4.Look at this site plan, look at ___.

5.We also repair and renovate older houses. We repair and renovate ___.

6.The task of making a shed was given to me and you, it was given to ___.

7.The house seems almost magical. ___ is like a fairytale in the centre of the city.

8.Stay where you are now. I will bring ___ all the tools.

9.Now we are building a one-family house. We are building ___ some 5 kilometres from here.

5.2. Употребите слова, данные в скобках, в соответствующей форме притяжательных местоимений

1.I decided to become a housebuilder. That was (I) decision.

2.She is a painter and (she) love for colours can clearly be seen on the many-shaped facades of the house.

3.Fix (you) ladder properly before you go up.They work at (we) construction site 5 days a week.

4.− I am repairing some of (I) rooms at the moment.

− Are you going to change the windows in (you) apartment?

5.At present people prefer to purchase (they) own houses in the suburbs rather than in central areas of the cities.

6.The central part of the building with (it) fine columns was erected in the

19th century.

7.The gothic churches were gigantic buildings, and (they) decorative features were simple, on the whole.

8.Your apartment is much more comfortable than (I).

9.This is a cottage of (we).

10.Adam re-created and recombined the elements of architecture, (he) works consisted mainly of the remodeling of existing houses.

11.My tools are on the shelf, (you) are on the chair.

12.His house is nearby, (she) is round the corner.

13.Although Wright made a number of project designs for skyscrapers, the Price Tower remains the only skyscraper of (he) that was actually built.

14.Our experience of working in construction is much bigger than (they).

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5.3. Закончите предложения по образцу

Образец: Plumbers install all the pipes in the house, _________________. − Plumbers install all the pipes in the house, they always do it themselves.

1.I can install a new socket and do any other electrical job without calling an electrician.

2.I think you should choose the right kind of wallpaper.

3.A skilled mason can do different types of masonry work: foundations, brickwalls, fireplaces, etc.

4.That woman can make decorative surfaces both inside and outside the house.

5.Carpenters must be quite strong, because they have to carry and lift heavy planks of wood.

6.We are going to do some tiling in the kitchen tomorrow.

7.My friends want to do repairs inside their house.

5.4. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на местоимения some, any и no

1.There are some old buildings in the centre of the city.

2.There aren't any high-rise buildings in this street.

3.In ancient times people used wood for house building; they tied together the tops of some trees and covered them with some grass or skins of animals.

4.Primitive building required no tools.

5.According to surveys 8 out of 10 houses have some kind of damage because of damp.

6.In many houses built in the 1980s there is no insulation at all.

7.It is possible to assemble precast building units in any weather all the year round.

8.The architects made no changes in their plan.

9.The main problem facing the architect today is to avoid any conflict with nature.

10.Do the workers at the building site have any helmets and safety glasses?

11.Do you have any protective clothing with?

12.Do the visitors know any safety rules?

13.Give me some ruler, please.

14.At the moment there are some 50 builders at the site.

15.Put some cement into the concrete mixer. – There isn't any cement nearby.

16.Are there many tools in that bag? – No, there are none.

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5.5. Заполните пропуски в предложениях местоимениями some, any или no

1.There are ___ rulers on the table.

2.There is ___ cement in the sack.

3.Are there ___ rulers on the bench?

4.There are ___ nails in the box. Take a few of them.

5.Are there ___ nails on the floor? – No, there aren't ___.

6.Are there ___ nails in the box? – Yes, there are ___.

7.Is there ___ sand in the yard? –Yes, there is ___.

8.Are there are ___ vices on the toolboard? – Yes, there are ___.

9.There are ___ goggles. The welder can't start working.

10.Have you got ___ screws in your packet? – Yes, I have ___.

11.There are ___ old beautiful buildings in that city. Have a look at them when you visit it.

12.I haven't got ___ nails. Could you fetch ___?

13.It's not a building season now. There are ___ workers and machinery at the construction site.

14.I can see ___ workmen in the yard. They are doing ___ repairs.

15.Are there ___ new houses in your street? – No, there are ___.

5.6. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на местоимения something, anything и nothing

1.Give me something to mix the mortar. – Yes, of course. Here you are.

2.The plumber hasn't got any tools, so he can't do anything.

3.I can see something near the forest. It looks like a hut.

4.I don't know anything about the architecture of our city. Tell me something about it.

5.Now I know everything about that building technique. Thank you for your explanation.

6.Please, give me something heavy. I want to press the tiles to the floor.

7.I can see nothing in the house. The light isn’t working.

8.There is nothing to worry about. The main services are available in the

city.

9.Is there anything you would like to change in the interior of the house?

10.Everything is all right. They will begin the construction work on time.

11.There is something red at the construction site. What is that?

12.If you see anything unusual inside the building, let me know as soon as possible.

13.If anything happens, ring the structural engineer immediately.

14.Where is the hammer? – It is on the shelf. – No, there is nothing there.

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5.7. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на местоимения somebody (someone), anybody (anyone), nobody (no one), everybody (everyone)

1.There is somebody in the apartment above. We can hear the noise of a drill.

2.Does anybody in this crew have a helmet?

3.There was a big crack in the wall and nobody knew how to settle that problem.

4.I am afraid, I can't find anyone in the company office now. It is too late.

5.Everybody knows that water is needed to make mortar.

6.Is there anybody who can fix the ladder?

7.Find someone who can help you with the design of the house.

8.No one knew anything about a multistoried building to be constructed next year before the chief engineer showed us its plan.

9.If anybody paints all the walls today, the workers will tile the floor tomorrow.

10.Is there anybody in our group who happened to live in a skyscraper?

11.Everyone can do this sort of construction work. It is very easy.

12.Is there anyone who has lost a screwdriver? – No, nobody here has lost anything.

13.If anybody breaks safety rules during the building operations, he will be punished.

5.8. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на местоимения somewhere, anywhere, nowhere, everywhere

1.He can not find his hammer. – Well, that is because he always leaves his tools somewhere.

2.I know the building in that style is somewhere about here, but I don't know where exactly.

3.There are huts and huts everywhere. There is not a single proper building in this town.

4.Did you go anywhere last week? – Nowhere, we were busy with our summer cottage restoration.

5.Their house is very old. They will go anywhere to live in.

6.Have you seen my safety glasses? – No, I haven't seen them anywhere.

7.If you build a house of your own anywhere in the suburbs, your family will feel more comfortable than living in a small apartment downtown.

8.The house is in a mess because of the drainage system repair. There are screws, bolts and other small pieces everywhere. I don't want to stay here, let's go somewhere.

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9.I can find my plane nowhere. I always put it somewhere and then look for it for hours.

10.If you find my bag with the tools anywhere in the yard, please, bring everything home.

5.9. Посмотрите на рисунки 4, 5. Проанализируйте использование местоимений: a) many и much, b) a lot of, a little, a few

a) Ron is buying some materials from a shop.

Рис. 4

b) Ron is joining two planks together with some glue and some nails.

Рис. 5

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5.10. Составьте диалоги, пользуясь фразами, приведенными ниже

5.11. Заполните пропуски в предложениях, выбрав правильный вариант из скобок

1.Use ___ sand for this job. (a lot of/a few)

2.Could you bring me ___ screws, please? (a little/a few)

3.Pour ___ oil into the engine. (a little/a few)

4.There are ___ bolts in the box. (a little/a lot of)

5.There is ___ water in the tank. (a few/a lot of)

6.I need ___ screws. (a little/a few)

7.Please give me ___ water. (a little/a few)

8.Pour out ___ oil. (a little/a few)

9.Please take out ___ nuts. (a little/a few)

10.Could I have ___ petrol? (a little/a few)

11.You can have ___ nails. (a lot of/a little)

5.12. Переведите предложения

1.There are few residential areas in this city.

2.When you mix the mortar, don't pour too much water.

3.Take a little sand and cement, and add a little water.

4.Skilled painters know a lot of different materials like paints and wall coverings and they know a lot of different painting techniques as well.

5.You need many special tools for wallpapering if you want to do a good

job.

6.There are few skilled carpenters in your company.

7.Ancient Egyptians built flat roofs because there was little rain in Egypt.

8.The use of precast concrete has many advantages over other building materials.

9.This kind of construction work requires little time.

10.Prefabrication plants produce a lot of standard panels and structures.

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