Правило смены залога

0I II III IV Изменение формы глагола Active Passive

XVI. В следующих предложениях замените Active Voice на Passive Voice, упустив упоминание о том, кто выполняет действие:

0 I II III

например: (To perform tasks) (they) (must control) (the mechanical structure of a robot).

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(To perform tasks) (the mechanical structure of a robot) (must be controlled) (by them)

1. We can use this information to improve the control algorithms of a robot. 2. The engineers may describe the field of robotics as the study, design and use of robotsystems formanufacturing. 3. He may use electronic components singly or in more complex groups as integrated circuits. 4. We can describe a ‘circuit’ as anything from a single component, to systems containing thousands of components. 5. You can exchange messages very quickly. 6. We can place letters, numbers, even computer instructions into the computer’s memory. 7. I must programme the computer to do this operation with only a few simple instructions.8. We can find the built-in computers in many devices from MP3 players to aircrafts and from toys to industrial robots.

XVII. В следующих предложениях замените Passive Voice на Active Voice. И если не сказано кем выполняется действие, то в качестве подлежащего возьмите кого угодно, хотя бы и себя:

IIIIV

Например: (Software) (can be described) (as a collection of routines and rules).

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( I ) (can describe) (software) (as a collection of routines and rules).

1. Two voltage levels must be used by most digital circuits. 2. The International Space station can be seen from the Earth with the naked eye. 3. Science may be classified as experimental science and applied science. 4. These computers may be used for intense calculations. 5. The computer’s magnetic core memory can be replaced by semiconductor memory. 6. Electronic components must be categorized as active (e.g. transistors and thyristors) orpassive(e.g. resistors and capacitors).7. An experiment can be made to help us solve practical problems. 8. Most analog electronic devices, such as radio receivers, must be constructed from combinations of a few types of basic circuits.

Парные союзы

К парным союзам относятся cоюзы, состоящие как бы из двух частей:

either … or- или … или;both …and- как…так (и); и … и;

neither … nor - ни … ни; not only … but also - не только… но и.

XVIII. Переведите предложения, обращая особое внимание на перевод парных союзов:

1. These devices may be either digital or analog. 2. Nowadays neither Russia nor the USA conduct space exploration on the Moon. 3. Electronic devices usually have both analog and digital circuits. 4. Walkie-talkie has a useful communication characteristics not only for business but also personal use. 5. Statistical analysis plays a fundamental role in many areas of both the natural sciences and social sciences. 6. Both analog and digital circuits have elements of either linear or non-linear operation. 7. Applied Mathematics is very important both in theory and experiment in advancing scientific knowledge. 8. The newest computer is not only much more powerful but also much cheaper than its older analogs. 9. Space exploration is conducted both by human spaceflightsand byrobotic spacecraft.10. Today a significant amount of robots are either human controlled, or operate autonomously in dynamic conditions. 11. Devices for communication between computers, such as modems and network interface, typically serve for both input and output.