Asking four types of questions

GENERAL (требуют ответа “Yes” или “No”): Is he a teacher ? Was Tom at school yesterday ? Have you been to Moscow ? Did you talk to my brother yesterday ? Will they join us ?

ALTERNATIVE (предусматривают выбор): Is he a teacher or a designer ? Was Tom at school or at the stadium yesterday ? Have you been to Moscow or to Berlin ? Did you see my brother yesterday or two days ago ? Will they join us or their parents ?

DISJUNCTIVE (состоит из высказывания и усиливающего его краткого вопроса): He is a teacher, isn’t he ? Tom was at school yesterday, wasn’t he ? You have never been to Moscow, have you ? You didn’t see my brother, did you ? They will join us, won’t they ?

SPECIAL (начинаются с вопросительных местоимений): What is he ? Where was Tom yesterday ? Who has been to Moscow ? When did you see my brother ? Where are you from ? (Обратите внимание на предлог в конце вопросов : Where are you from ? – Откуда ты ? Who do you live with ? – С кем ты живешь ? What is the book about ? – О чем эта книга ? Who are you looking for ? – Кого вы ищете ?)

СХЕМА ПОСТРОЕНИЯ СПЕЦИАЛЬНЫХ ВОПРОСОВ

(кроме вопросов к подлежащему)

Вопросительное местоимение	Вспомогательный/ модальный глагол	Подлежащее	основной глагол	Второстепенные члены
When	Do	you	go	to the country ?
How	Did	he	get	here ?
Why	Cannot	she	do	this job ?
Where	Have	you	been	so long ?
Who	Must	I	go	there with ?
How much	Does	the hat	cost	in this store ?

Вопросы к подлежащему:

The doctor lives in this house. - Who lives in this beautiful house ?

A hat was in the box. - What was in this box ? The students must do it. - Who must do it ? The Spanish language is not very difficult. - What language is not very difficult?

EXERCISES:

1) Ask four types of questions

Example:

The Orlovs’ moved to Khabarovsk from Komsomolsk.

Disjunctive: The Orlovs’ moved to Khabarovsk from Komsomolsk, didn’t they?

General: Did the Orlovs’ move to Khabarovsk from Komsomolsk ?

Alternative: Did the Orlovs’ move to Khabarovsk from Komsomolsk or Irkutsk ?

Special: Who moved to Khabarovsk from Komsomolsk ? Where did the Orlovs’move from ?

A

1. Oleg is a good student. 2. They study at the Medical University in Khabarovsk. 3. Tom’s father is a world champion in wrestling. 4. The doctor will help you. 5. Football is my favorite sport. 6. Seiko lives in Japan. 7. My cousin speaks three foreign languages. 8. Sergei likes to watch TV at night. 9. Her friend was in Tokyo last year.

B

1. Tim has lived in Khabarovsk since childhood. 2. We enjoy skating and skiing in winter. 3. My brother is reading for his classes now. 4. Her favorite singer is Sting. 5. They bought a computer a year ago. 6. John makes many mistakes in his tests. 7. The entrance exams to the University were rather difficult. 8. He was interested in collecting stamps. 9. It often rains in my hometown. 10. It takes them half an hour to get to the University. 11. She hates fast food places.

2) Ask questions to the underlined words:

A

1. Tom is my brother. 2. Jane’s parents live in Nikolaevsk. 3. Anton studied in Moscow last year. (3) 4. Pete likes to read detective stories. (2)

5. His brother was born in Kiev. (2) 6. My parents will help Nina.

B

1. Vladimir’s in-laws arrive from Japan by boat tomorrow morning. (3)

2. They spent their vacation in Sochi last year. (3) 3. Olga has passed her final exams very well. (2) 4. My friends are studying English in the U.S.A. now. (3) 5. My friend misses his family. 6. His siblings often write to him from his home town. (2) 7. Linda has made a few friends. (2)

3) Write the missing questions:

A

John: ……………………… ?

Mary: I am fine, thanks.

John: ……………………… ?

Mary: I am from England. ……………………… ?

John: No, I am not. I am from Australia.

B

Vladimir: Hello ! I am Vladimir and I am from Russia.

John: ………………………………………………… ?

Vladimir: No, I don’t. I work here.

John: …………………………………………………. ?

Vladimir: I am an engineer. ………………………….. ?

John: I am from Canada. I am a student and I also work.

Vladimir: ……………………………………………… ?

John: I came here three years ago.

Vladimir: ……………………………………………… ?

John: Yes, I do, very much.

4) Practice writing questions. Situations:

a. Your friend is in New York now. It is his first visit to the U.S.A. Write five questions for the E-mail to him.

b. Nelly is going to get married. Write six questions to find out about her future husband.

c. Your friend has entered one of the universities in Moscow. Write five questions to learn more about it.

d. You made a new friend through Internet. Write six questions to get more information about him.

e. Tim is going to Europe for his vacation. Write five questions to learn more about his plans.

5) What questions will you ask your roommate if:

he is going out/ you cannot find your dictionary/ you want to learn the time/ he is angry/ he is all wet/ you want to learn his plans for the week-end/ he is laughing/ he has some paint and a brush in his hands/ he has returned from the movies/ he has a thermometer in his hand/ he has a big box in his hands ?

6) Translate the questions:

a. How far is the airport from here ? How long does it take you to cook dinner ? Did you get here by bus ? How much does it cost ? Do you live far from here ? How many exams did you take last month ? Does it often rain here ? Who are you talking with ? What are you looking at ?

b. Как вас зовут ? Сколько вам лет ? Откуда вы ? Сколько стоит этот словарь ? Сколько времени требуется добраться до университета от вашего дома ? Здесь снег идет часто ? Где живут твои родители ? С кем вы идете в театр ?

RIDDLE

To what question one cannot give a positive answer ?

Итоговое задание по Модулю 1:

1) Speak about yourself and your family.

2) Bring pictures of your family or friends. Speak about them.

3) Speak about the family of any well-known person and give some facts from his/her biography. Bring his/her picture, if you can.

4) Write one page essay about yourself.

TEST A

1. Give one word for the following:

Institution for educating children - …

Member of the same group - …

Building in which students live - …

My sister’s daughter - …

Mother and father - …

My wife’s mother - …

Grandfather and grandmother - …

Agreement to marry - …

Persons living in a house near another - …

A period between the terms - …

2. Give antonyms:

To be born, to divorce, friendly, working day, young, single, different, to finish

3. Complete the word family:

Agree (v.), … (v.) , …(n.) , …(adj.) , … (adv.) .

4. Write the reverse of these actions:

To pack, to dress, to lock, to appear

5. Complete the sentences:

About Myself

My full name is … . I … born in … . Our family … large: we … … . I … school and entered … . … major is … . My working day begins … . Our classes … at 8.30 a.m. After classes we … . My friends and I often … . In the evening I … and at … o’clock I … to bed.

6. Ask four types of questions.

Tim was born in Nevada. Lena lives in a modern house. Steven often visited his in-laws.

7. Put questions to the underlined words:

My niece is a girl of four. She goes to a nursery school. Her mother takes her there. They get there by bus. It takes them fifteen minutes to get to the nursery school.

TEST B 1. Give one word for the following:

My father’s sister - …

My father’s father - …

My aunt’s daughter - …

Cousins, aunts, uncles, nephews, nieces - …

Father, mother, sons and daughters - …

A person who teaches at school - …

Brothers and sisters - …

A divorced person - …

A building on the campus where students live while they study - …

Students of the same group - …

Students borrow books there and read for their classes - …

2. Give synonyms:

To receive, large, to start, to finish, to take off clothes, well-known

3. Complete the word family:

Separate(v.), …(n.) , …(adj.) , … (adv.) .

4. Begin the sentences with they or there.

Meet Tom and Ann. … are future managers. … are university students. … are only fifty students at their department. … are from different parts of the Far East. … are many universities in our city. … are popular among young people. … are many famous professors there.

5. Write six sentences about your family.

6. Ask four types of questions.

Nelly lives in the dorm. She came to Khabarovsk from Pereyaslavka. Her parents are teachers.

7. Put questions to the underlined words:

My niece is a girl of four. She goes to a nursery school. Her mother takes her there. They get to the nursery school by bus. It takes them twenty minutes to get there.

Модуль 2

EDUCATION

1) Remember the words you learned at school

a) Match the following English words with their Russian equivalents:

secondary school, pupils, subjects, interval, canteen, exercises, gym, lessons, classmates, excellent, satisfactory, to take an exam, grades, primary school

отлично, сдавать экзамен, средняя школа, начальная школа, ученики, перемена, спортзал, предметы, столовая, уроки, удовлетворительно, оценки, одноклассники, упражнения

b) Which of these English words are equivalents to the following Russian words:

recite, rewrite, inattentive, uneducated, illiterate, to be sorry, to be late, unsatisfactory, eraser, inattentive, go to the board, repeat

неудовлетворительно, невнимательный, опаздывать, идти к доске, переписать, повторить, рассказать наизусть, ластик

c) Translate the following into Russian:

to graduate high school, to study hard, favourite subjects, homework, result

Word Families

Noun examiner The examiner asked not to use our mobile phones .

Noun examination The examination in Chemistry begins at 9.

Verb examine Professor Rogers examines students in Psychology.

Noun attention The student has attention problems.

Adjective attentive Teachers like attentive audience.

Adjective inattentive You were inattentive and made a few mistakes.

Adverb attentively They listened attentively to the teacher.

Noun graduation After graduation I go to a technical college.

Noun graduate High school graduates are invited to the city ball.

Noun post-graduate There is a reading-room for post-graduates.

Verb graduate He graduated from Oxford in biology.

Word Family Practice

1) Choose correct word family member from the above to complete each blank.

Listen to me … . If you are … you will fail your … .

After … students interested in research can take … courses.

2) Give word family members for the following nouns:

Product, biology

TEXT

Life is great ! I finished school with flying colors. I passed my entrance exams* and became a university student. To study at the university is interesting but not easy. We have a lot of required subjects.

Our classes begin at eight thirty in the morning and finish late in the afternoon. After the third period we have half-an-hour interval. Some of us have a snack or just a cup of coffee, some go to the café for lunch. When the lessons are over we do not hurry home. Many of us go to the reading room to read for classes. It is not easy to find a vacant seat there because the university has more than four thousand full time students and about two and a half thousand correspondence students. One can also see faculty** and post-graduate students there.

In the evening we go home. Some students live with their parents, some rent a room or an apartment and many live in the dorms (the British call it "hostel"). Just a few of the students are married and have a flat of their own.

I am happy to be a student, the only thing I don't like about it is the examination session at the end of each term. There are exams in four or five subjects. If students attend all lectures, seminars and tutorials and work hard during the academic year they won't fail the exams. Those who cut classes are in for some trouble. "No pain, no gain" as the saying goes.

Being a student is great and I wouldn't miss it for anything !

Note: *Обратите внимание на наличие в тексте «интернациональной» лексики (слова, совпадающие в различных языках по написанию или звучанию, и имеющие одно или несколько сходных значений): “Exam, university, student”

** faculty - профессорско - преподавательский состав.

Одно из значений слова «faculty» - «преподаватели», в этом значении faculty относится к категории «ложные друзья переводчика» или «псевдоинтернациональная» лексика - слова, имеющие сходное написание, но различное значение в английском и русском языках.

ACTIVITIES:

1) Write out five international words from the text and think of five sentences with them.

2) Make Flashcards with the following words:

to take exams - сдавать экзамены; to pass exams - сдать экзамены; to do home assignment - выполнять домашнее задание; required subjects - обязательные предметы; classes - занятия; intervals - перемены; to have a snack - перекусить; a reading room - читальный зал; correspondence students - студенты - заочники; full time students - студенты дневного отделения; faculty - преподаватели; post-graduate school – аспирантура; post-graduate students - аспиранты; to rent a room - снимать комнату; a dormitory - общежитие; a term - семестр; to attend lectures - посещать лекции; to cut classes - пропускать занятия; an academic year - учебный год; to fail the exams - провалиться на экзаменах; “with flying colors” – успешно, с отличными оценками;* "No pain, no gain". - "Без труда не вынешь рыбку из пруда". *

Note: *Устойчивые выражения с переосмысленным значением или фразеологизмы “with flying colors”, "No pain, no gain" переводятся целиком фразеологизмами русского языка.

3) Flashcard Games.

1. Students pair up and decide who will be the tutor and the tutee. The tutees give their cards to the tutors who hold up one card at a time, showing the front of the card with the English word. The tutees try to give the Russian equivalent. If the answer is correct the tutor gives a praise and returns the flashcard. If the response is not correct the tutor helps showing the back of the card and places the card at the bottom of the stack of flashcards to practice again.

2. The tutor chooses four cards with verbal phrases and the tutee tries to guess what cards.

3. The tutor shows a card and the tutee makes a sentence with it.

4) Rewrite the following sentences the way it is in your life:

I went to secondary school in Moscow.

I finished school two years ago.

I had four entrance exams.

I failed and didn’t enter the University.

My friends and I are second year students.

I live in the dorms.

I am going to work at school as a History teacher.

My major is management.

I seldom go to the library.

I love to take exams.

Examination session is my favorite time.

5) Work in pairs.

Take it in turns to ask and answer these questions:

1. What is your favorite subject ?

2. Did you study at preparatory courses ?

3. Do you pay for your education ?

4. What subject is difficult for you ?

5. How often do you go to the library ?

6. Where do you read for your classes ?

7. Do you like to prepare for your classes in the reading hall ?

8. Do you borrow books from the Territorial library ?

9. What is your major?

10. How many periods a day do you have?

6) Write the opposites:

He failed the exam.

They missed the lecture.

She did very well at the exam.

I got a very low mark in English.

He is very bad at maths.

They are late for their classes.

7) Read the text and find information to answer the following questions:

When was the University founded ?

How many departments were there then ?

What new status did the University get in 2005?

What is the main mission of the University ?

Why are exact and natural sciences taught at the University of the Humanities?

Who studies at the University ?

FAR - EASTERN STATE UNIVERSITY OF HUMANITIES

Our University is one of the oldest universities of Khabarovsk, it is also one of the largest. It used to train teachers and other highly qualified professionals for the educational system of the Russia's Far East. In 2005 it got its new status – the former Khabarovsk State Pedagogical University became the Far - Eastern State University of Humanities. The main mission of the university has become to study the issues of the cycle of the Humanities. By becoming a scientific center of the humanities in the Khabarovsk Krai we intend to develop scientific activities in Russia as well as abroad. Besides the humanities, natural and exact sciences are taught at the university, for the administration and the faculty believe that the scientific truth can be found only if these different sciences interact.

The history of our university goes back to 1936, when it first opened its doors. Only one hundred students filled the classrooms and the University had four departments. Today there are about thirty majors to choose from. About seven thousand students study here now. The University offers full time day and correspondence programs. Students can get Bachelor’s degree at the end of the programme. The course of studies lasts four or five years. Graduates interested in research can take Master’s courses. The university has Graduate school at several departments.

The main mission of the University is not only to give students fundamental knowledge but also to teach them to appreciate the achievements of civilization. A dedicated team of teachers and professors bring these goals into reality. Most of the faculty have a "Kandidat nauk" degree or a Doctorate degree.

The University has a large campus. There are six classroom and laboratory buildings, dormitories, a sports field and a gym. There is a library with more than 500,000 volumes. A few computer centers at the student's disposal. The University also owns an agro-bio station.

Young people of different nationalities study here and not only from our multinational country. Students from China, Korea, Japan, Australia and the U.S.A. study at the School of International Education. The School was organized in 1966 to give education and to promote friendly relations.

The Far - Eastern State University of Humanities has become the largest center of culture, science and education in the Far East. Its international contacts are expanding. It has student and teacher exchange programs with colleges and universities in the U.S.A., Germany, Australia, South Korea, Japan, China, Switzerland and France.

Since the time of its foundation the University has earned an outstanding reputation.

Note: “student” – 1. a person who is studying at a college, institute or university. 2. (esp. US) a boy or girl attending school

8) What words in the text can be replaced by the following:

was founded, were enrolled, provides, become post-graduates, dorms, ethnic groups, was opened, faculty, has, higher educational institutions.

9) Make Flashcards with the following words:

to be founded - быть основанным; major – специальность; to enter the university – поступить в университет; applicants – абитуриенты; preparatory courses – подготовительные курсы; research – исследование; graduates – выпускники; knowledge – знания; humanities – гуманитарные науки, highly qualified – высоко квалифицированные; degree – степень; Bachelor – бакалавр, Master – магистр, achievements – достижения; relations – отношения; science – наука; at one's disposal – в чьём-либо распоряжении; gym – спортзал.

10) Flashcard Game.

The Teacher names a word and the students show the card with its translation. A student - observer is appointed who reports if the answers are correct. The word and its equivalent are pronounced in chorus. Those who made a mistake put the card with the right answer aside. In the end they read the words on these cards.

11) Numbered Heads Together

Write on the board one word for the following:

1. University teachers and professors 2. the main field of specialization chosen by students in a college or university 3. the grounds of a university 4. a school building for housing a number of persons 5. one who has received a diploma 6. a room equipped for gymnastics or sports 7. a place in which books, newspapers, magazines are kept for reading 8. a person you share a room with.

12) Complete the sentences:

Our university was …

The first enrollment was …

We study …

My major is …

There is a good library …

If you are interested in research, …

Those who like sports …

Foreign students …

The university owns …

13) Translate the sentences into Russian, paying attention to the different meanings of the word “student”:

We passed our exams to the university and I am a first-year student now.

Usually students of elementary school have only one teacher.

I am a student of Physics.

14) Read the text and answer the following questions:

Which is the largest School ? Where English is the major course ? Students of what School learn Japanese and Chinese ? What Schools are the oldest ? Which is the youngest School ? What students specialize in computers ? Whose artistic skills are the best ? What School is proud of its World champions ? Why is there a memorial plaque on the wall ? Students of what School spend much time at agro-bio station ? Where is speech pathology taught ?

SOME FACTS ABOUT OUR UNIVERSITY

The School of Physics and Mathematics was founded in 1936. Now it is one of the largest at the University. SPM has a number of physics laboratories with modern research equipment.

There is a memorial plaque to Evgeni Dikopoltsev, a Hero of the Soviet Union, on the wall of the University who was a student in the SPM before he went to the front during the second World War.

The School of Russian Language and Literature opened its doors in 1938. More than 700 hundred students study here today. Selected students are offered opportunities to practice teaching in China.

Founded in 1938, the School of History is one of the oldest. The faculty and the students are proud of the archeological laboratory which is at their disposal.

Most popular schools at the University are the School of Foreign Languages and the School of Oriental Languages. They are well known not only in our country but also abroad.

The School of Physical Training started its work in 1947. Among the School graduates there are many celebrated sportsmen of whom many are record holders and Olympic prize-winners.

The School of Biology and Chemistry replaced the Natural Sciences and Geography Department in 1950. Every summer the faculty and the students take field trips to study the flora and fauna ecosystem of the Amur region.

The School of Arts and Graphics introduced a special program on Developing National Cultures of the Far Eastern Territory in 1991.

Psychology and Management School is very popular in Khabarovsk, the number of students studying there is growing.

One can learn about the history of our university, its dedicated teachers and outstanding students at the university museum.

Our students take an active part in social life of Khabarovsk, participate in sports competitions and contribute to charity programmes. Works of art made by our faculty and students are known not only in our territory but abroad.

15) Buzz groups. Say five statements about your English classes..

16) Name five things that you like at the university.

Name a few things that you dislike here.

17) Numbered Heads Together.

You are given a minute to speak about your university for the movie that will be sent to American students. Prepare your presentation.

18) Design a Web-site of your department.

THE EMBLEM OF UNIVERSITY

The monument to Pushkin near the entrance to the main building has become the emblem of our university. People bring flowers to the monument of the great poet. Students of the Russian Language and Literature School study his works and learn his poems by heart.

1) Read the following text and speak about the facts you know from Pushkin’s life.

From Pushkin’s Biography

Pushkin was born in Moscow in 1799. He attended the Imperial Lyceum in the St.Petesburg suburbs, in a town now named Pushkin. The czar set up that lyceum for the nobility, with classes taught in French. That was the time when everything French was in fashion among the nobility: language, literature and even French wines. Discovering Voltaire and Rousseau in his father’s library, Pushkin read French before Russian.

Poetry was a hobby of the nobility. Young Pushkin stood out as a prodigy, published at age 14. He was also distinguished by his visage, dark, with protruding jaw and curly hair. “A true ape by his face,” he said of himself.

Abram, Pushkin’s mother’s grandfather, was an Ethiopian prince captured by the Turks according to the family legend. What is certain is that as a boy Abram was brought from Constantinople, a gift for Peter the Great. Peter educated him, and he became a general. The poet was proud of his dark-skinned great-grandfather.

After graduating the lyceum Pushkin became a government clerk. At that time he was gambling and pursuing actresses. Pushkin also met with liberals (Russian nobles who were plotting to abolish serfdom and bring about a constitutional monarchy) but he was never trusted with their secrets. But many of them admired his poem “Liberty”, that proclaimed:

Oh, kings, you owe your crown and writ

To law, not nature’s dispersion;

While you stand high above the nation,

The changeless Law stands higher yet.

And even today “Liberty” sounds like a universal truth. For this poem Pushkin was exiled. The 21-year-old exile was seeking attention in a bizarre way: wore strange clothes, a red cape, insulted elders. And he was fanatically touchy about his “honor”.

Note:

«царь» is translated “czar” or “tsar”;

Words and expressions:

was also distinguished by his visage – также выделялся своей внешностью

protruding jaw – выдающаяся челюсть

captured – захваченный

was gambling – играл в азартные игры

to abolish serfdom – отменить крепостное право

proclaimed – провозглашала

in a bizarre way – эксцентричным способом

touchy – повышенно чувствительный

2) Answer the questions:

1. Do you think Pushkin’s poetry should be taught at school now ?

2. Do you enjoy reading Pushkin ?

3. What made Pushkin known all over the world ?

4. When did you first read Pushkin ?

3) Give written translation of the text:

AND LENSKY, LEFT EYE CLOSING, AIMED –

BUT JUST THEN EUGENE’S PISTOL FLAMED...

AND THE POET, WITHOUT A SOUND,

LET FALL HIS PISTOL ON THE GROUND.

On January 27, 1837 those lines from “Eugene Onegin” sounded like a prophecy, when a sleigh drove the greatest Russian poet homeward with a bullet in his gut. By a frozen stream on the outskirts of St.Petesburg, he had dueled a Frenchman. The wound was mortal.

Regimes come and go in Russia, but probably no man, neither czar nor commissar, enjoys the enduring reverence accorded Pushkin. “In Russia a poet is more than a poet” to borrow a line from Yevgeny Evtushenko, poets became teachers, the beacons of the spirit.

For a century and a half he has been read for pleasure, and sometimes for escape. Russian culture has no greater foundation stone than this man of modest stature and slightly dark complexion who lived only thirty seven years. The fact that he was a womanizer and a gambler spices his fame, just as those habits spiced his works.

In the apartment where he died, Russians still weep for him, as tour guides measure out the agony of his passing.

Pushkin was perfect in nearly every line. The Russian language sang as never before. Gogol, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, and other writers sought inspiration in his works. His poems inspired Musorgsky, Tchaikovsky, Glinka, Rimsky-Korsakov and Rakhmaninov. In all there are 20 Pushkin inspired operas as well as ballets and other pieces of music.

4) Give Russian equivalent:

to sound like a prophecy, to enjoy the enduring reverence, the beacons of the spirit, tour guides measure the agony of his passing.

5) Explain the meaning:

a prophecy, homeward, outskirts, mortal, accorded, a womanizer, to weep.

6) Answer the questions;

What was the role of poets in old Russia ? Do they still have this role ?

What was the impact of Pushkin’s works on the Russian culture ?

What Pushkin’s poems became operas ?

7) Prepare good reading of:

I loved you – and my love, I think, was stronger

Than to be quite extinct within me yet;

But let it not distress you any longer;

I would not let you feel the least regret.

I loved you bare of hope and of expression,

By turns with jealousy and shyness sore;

I loved you with such purity, such passion

As may God grant you to be loved once more.

8) Read and retell the text. Use a dictionary to find the meanings of the words you don’t know.

The young genius wrote his first important work “Ruslan and Lyudmila” at that time. Russians were delighted by this rhymed folktale based on ancient legends.

The rules of exile were loose. Pushkin was writing “Onegin”, he gathered the legends and published “The Fountain of Bakhchisaray”, he sent his verses to friends in St.Petesburg for publishers. The censorship was strong and Pushkin in public became very cautious.

Pushkin loved women and when he saw a pretty face, he would exclaim, “I can’t live without her !” He once wrote that he had loved 113 women. Biographers say this score included many momentary infatuations. Poem after poem sprang from these encounters.

In Odessa he dared to court the wife of the local governor, Eliza Vorontsova. She appears in numerous poems. But the idyllic time didn’t last long.

9) Work in pairs.

Find out if your partner:

likes poetry; learns poems by heart; reads poems in English: is going to participate in reciting competition.

Tell the class what you learnt about your partner.

10) Say if these statements are true or false:

1. Poetry is for those who are in love.

2. There are no political poems.

3. Mayakovskiy wrote about love as well.

4. Some of our students write poems.

5. There are many poems about the Far East.

6. Petr Komarov expressed his love to the Amur land in his poems.

11) Read about Petr Komarov and retell the text in English:

Среди поэтов, связанных своим творчеством с Дальним Востоком, самым известным является Петр Комаров. Его стихи отражают глубокое понимание жизни и любовь к своей земле.

Он родился 12 июля 1911 года в деревне недалеко от Санкт-Петербурга. Мать будущего поэта была трудолюбивой малограмотной женщиной. Отец его работал на фабрике, это был не легкий труд. Ранней весной 1918 года он со всей семьей переехал на Дальний Восток. Комаровы выбрали место для своего дома у реки, рядом с лесом. Река Зея была богата рыбой, и Петр научился ловить рыбу. Он любил смотреть на реку, она казалась ему прекрасной и таинственной. Он вспоминал поэзию Пушкина, и чувства переполняли его, но где найти слова, чтобы их выразить?

Мальчик много читал. Жизнь его не была легкой. Это было время, когда Красная Армия освобождала Дальний Восток от японских интервентов. Горящие избы, бездомные сироты, смерть… Позднее он напишет об этом. Его первый литературный опыт начинался статьями в газетах.

В 1929 году его направили в Хабаровск в редакцию газеты “Набат молодежи”. Работа была интересной, часто приходилось ездить по краю и писать статьи о тружениках Приамурья, Камчатки, Сахалина… Поразительные контрасты природы, разнообразие ландшафтов Дальнего Востока казались Петру сказочными. Накопленные впечатления поэт воссоздаст в стихах чарующими образами.

12) Speak about your favorite writer or poet.

Useful words and expressions:

One of the modern novelists/poets/essayists of considerable rank

The gist

The idea of the novel

A character

An episode

The author’s language is bookish/ learned/ rich in terms…

As to the vocabulary, the words chosen are emotional/ stylistically neutral…

The style is the model of clarity; the style is dry/ emotional…

EDUCATION IN RUSSIA

There are many schools, professional schools, colleges, Institutes and Universities in Russia. Some of them have acquired new names lately, i.e. “lycee”, “gymnasia.”

School education is compulsory. Children begin to attend school at the age of six. Having completed ninth grade, they can either continue to study at school for two more years, or go to a professional school, where they study not only the basic subjects but are able to learn some profession and to become skilled workers.

At school the pupils study many subjects, such as Russian Language and Literature, a foreign language, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Geography and History. They also have physical education and vocational training. School students usually have four to six lessons five or six days a week. At the end of the school year they must take exams. They have short vacations in autumn, winter and spring and a three month vacation in summer.

When school students leave school, they can try to continue their education. To do that they have to take entrance examinations to institute or university that they choose. If they pass the exams successfully, they become students and can study for another four, five or six years (depending on the program of the department). Those interested in science can begin post-graduate studies after graduation in order to obtain a degree.

Education is free of charge in Russia, but besides state educational institutions there are independent or commercial schools, where people have to pay.

Nowadays many new institutes, universities, schools, polytechnical schools are being founded. Great changes are taking place in the system of higher education.

At present the educational system in our country faces many problems finding and providing qualified teachers, up-to-date textbooks and financial support of the state. To solve these problems will require a great amount of time.

Note: “school” – 1. Institution for educating children: primary and secondary schools. 2. (not with the, a or an) lessons: School begins at 8.30. 3. Department of a university for the study of a particular subject: the School of Art, the History School, the School of Foreign Languages.

“Compulsory” = “required”, antonym “optional”: “What I don’t like about our university is that almost all the subjects that we are studying are required, and only one or two are optional.”

The Russian verb “решить” can be translated “to solve” as in “to solve these problems” and “to decide” as in “Olga decided not to become a psychologist. ”

The Russian word “кроме” can be translated “besides” as in “Besides English I also study Japanese.” And “except” as in “All my relatives are here except my uncle.”

ACTIVITIES:

1) Match the words:

compulsory образование

Chemistry школа

subject школьник

school сдавать экзамены

education сдать экзамены

Psychology химия

to take exams психология

to complete предмет

to continue обязательный

student закончить

to pass exams продолжить

2) Match the words and the definitions:

a. university A. book used to learn a subject

b. pupil B. young person at school

c. Psychology C. institution for advanced teaching

d. lesson D. study of the mind and its processes

e. degree E. period of time given for teaching

f. textbook F. academic title

3) Complete the sentences, choosing the right word.

1. My brothers study painting, (besides/except) they learn to play piano. 2. I know everybody here (besides/except) that tall man. 3. Tom is going to help us (decide/solve) this problem. 4. Have you (decided/solved) where to spend your holidays? 5. Take any tie (besides/except) the brown one, father is going to wear it tonight. (Besides/except) it does not match your shirt. 6. Andrei did well in all the subjects at school (besides/except) Mathematics. 7. Psychology is a (required/optional) subject at the Department of Management and Social Work.

4) Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to the different meanings of the word “school”:

1. A new secondary school was founded in our district.

2. He is old enough for school.

3. School age is different in different countries.

4. He left school when he was fifteen.

5. Last year school began at eight o’clock.

6. There will be no school tomorrow.

7. Our school hopes that its football team will win.

8. He entered the Management School last year.

9. The school of life taught him to be strong.

10. I am interested in the Dutch school of painting.

5) Answer the questions:

1. At what age do children begin to attend school ?

2. Is school education compulsory in Russia ?

3. Is English a required subject at school ?

4. What school did you attend ? Did you like it ?

5. What didn’t you like at school ?

6. What are the problems of our educational system ?

7. Are they easy to solve ? Why ?

8. Would you like to be a teacher at your school ? Why ?

REMEMBERING SCHOOL DAYS

1) Translate the texts: A – orally, B – in the written form

A) Middle school is called middle school because it’s in the middle of your school years. Elementary school is behind you. High school and possibly college still await you. Middle school often includes sixth, seventh, and eighth grades, but you might go to middle school earlier or later, depending on how it’s done in your area.

For a kid, going to middle school is often a big change:

First, it often means moving to a new building, which takes some time to adjust to.

Second, it may mean taking a different bus, with different students.

Third, the friends you made in elementary school may end up going to different middle schools. Other things that probably will be different are the teachers and the work. All that can make you feel a bit scared on the first day of school.

Have you heard rumors that middle school teachers are really mean and the homework is really, really hard? Oh, dear. We’ve heard those, too, but they’re generally not true.

B) Congrats! You never thought the moment would arrive, but here it is...you’ve finally graduated from elementary school! Now it’s time to move on up to the big leagues. That’s right...you’re about to take on middle school.

The transition to middle school is different for everyone. Some kids may find themselves at an entirely new location, while other students may only have to switch floors or buildings. No matter what kind of middle school you’ll be attending, one thing always remains the same about this important step-up: it’s a chance for adventure and to start with a clean slate.

You’ll encounter new people, new school subjects, new activities, and many more teachers than you’re used to. This may seem scary because you’re now a small fish in a big pond, but remember: all new experiences are frightening at first. If you have the right attitude and solid info on what to expect, you’ll be a middle school pro in no time.

(http://pbskids.org/itsmylife)

2) Read the beginning of the text and complete the story.

My School Days

Our school is not very large. As a lot of other schools it has big windows and the classrooms are light. There is a gym and a library there. Some school students liked to study but I cannot say that I was a hard working student. My favourite subjects were …

3) Work in pairs.

Two of you will argue for the decision to make a school uniform a must; and two of you against a school uniform. Prepare your arguments and share your ideas with the class.

4) Roundtable.

What should be changed in our education system ?

EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN

Модуль 3

KHABAROVSK

In 1858 the Russian military settlement Khabarovka was founded at the point where the Ussuri river joins the Amur. It was named in honor of Erofei Khabarov, the Cossack explorer, who came to the Amur region in the seventeenth century. Later this trading and military post got the rank of city. In 1884 the Far Eastern Territories became separate from Eastern Siberia and Khabarovka became the administrative center and the home of the governor general of the area. It was renamed Khabarovsk in 1893.

With the construction of the railway the town quickly grew into a modern city. It is the capital of the Khabarovsk Krai (territory), one of the most vital cities in the Russian Far East. With its population of more than 600 000, Khabarovsk is a large industrial, cultural and educational center. It is also a well-known center of international tourism.

Tourists are attracted by the splendid flora and fauna, picturesque places of interest and customs and traditions of the native people. Khabarovsk museums offer an excellent opportunity to get familiar with the history, culture, economy and nature of the Territory. Khabarovsk has its own Art museum with masterpieces of many famous artists and centuries old icons. The Geological museum displays an impressive collection of minerals and semiprecious stones. There are several professional theaters and a Concert hall in Khabarovsk. The Far Eastern Symphony Orchestra is famous beyond the borders of our territory.

Khabarovsk is beautiful in winter and summer, its parks and squares, old wooden houses and the mighty Amur river make it special. The architecture is varied, reflecting different eras in the city’s history. Much reconstruction is going on now. New cathedrals, modern buildings and roads have appeared. A new bridge connects the banks of the Amur.

There are over 100 industrial enterprises producing ocean vessels and pleasure boats, gas turbines, compressors, diesels, cables, equipment for fishing industry and many other products. There is a big oil refinery here. The Heating Equipment factory is one of the oldest and largest enterprises in the Far East. The transition to market economy and structural transformations connected with it affected our industries. The manufacturing companies are establishing a new business infrastructure and trying to find new markets.

Khabarovsk is the main traffic junction of the Far East. The railroad between Khabarovsk and Vladivostok was opened in 1897; the Amur Railroad line, the last section of Trans-Siberian Railroad, was finished in 1916. The Khabarovsk airport serves both domestic and international flights. There is passenger and cargo transportation on the Amur river. The bus terminal provides regular services connecting Khabarovsk with different parts of the Far East.

Today Khabarovsk is a city of students. There are more than thirty different educational institutions where young people from the Far East study. At present students from the Pacific Rim countries come to study at the institutes of Khabarovsk. You can meet Koreans and Americans, Japanese and Chinese and sometimes Europeans get training here too.

Note: «Хабаровский край» is translated “The Khabarovsk Krai” or “The Khabarovsk Territory”.

Обратите внимание на предлоги:

To extend from … to … - протянуться с … на …

To be rich in (gold/ fish) - быть богатым (золотом/рыбой)

To consist of - состоять из

To be connected with – быть связанным с

Words and expressions:

The rank of – статус

governor general – генерал губернатор

vital – полный жизни

semiprecious stones – полудрагоценные камни

equipment – оборудование

to affect something – влиять на что-то

to provide services – обеспечивать обслуживание

cargo transportation – грузоперевозки

ferrous metallurgy – черная металлургия

processing of – обработка

courageous – смелые

Flashcards

To extend - простираться; settlement - поселение; in honor of – в честь; an explorer - исследователь; area – территория, площадь; borders - границы; to attract - привлекать; the Pacific Rim – Тихоокеанский регион; well developed – хорошо развитый; flora and fauna – флора и фауна; beyond – за пределами; oil refinery – нефтеперерабатывающий завод; native people – коренное население; traffic junction – транспортный узел; customs – обычаи, population – население, mighty - мощный.

1) Read the Outline of the text in the right order:

The Capital City

The Center of Transportation

The Beauty of the City

A City of Students

Industries of Khabarovsk

History of Khabarovsk

Tourists attractions

2) Find answers in the text and read them:

1. When was Khabarovsk founded ?

2. Who was it named after ?

3. When was it renamed Khabarovsk ?

4. What kind of a city is it ?

5. What attracts tourists ?

6. What makes the city special ?

7. What are the main industries ?

8. What transport services are provided in Khabarovsk ?

9. Why is it called a city of students ?

3) In groups of four, take turns describing your favorite place in Khabarovsk not naming it. Your listeners should guess which place you are describing.

4) Roundtable. What do you like about Khabarovsk ?

5) In groups of four, produce an itinerary for a day in Khabarovsk. Compare your itinerary to the ones made by other groups.

“itinerary” is a route of a journey.

6) In pairs, create and ad about Khabarovsk for the Tourism Fair (дляярмаркитуристическихфирм).

7) Speak about the capital city of the Territory – Khabarovsk.

Unit 6

KHABAROVSK KRAI

The territory of the Khabarovsk Krai extends from south to north for 1, 780 km. from west to east for 750 km. in the widest part. Its area is about 800,000 square km. Most of the area is mountainous: Sikhote-Alin, Dzhugdzhur, Khingan and Badzhal are the names of mountain ranges and ridges which are rather high. More than 100, 000 rivers and 55, 000 lakes are in the territory. The Amur, the Ussuri, the Tungusska, the Bureya and the Amgun are the largest. The major lakes are Bolon, Udyl, Evoron and Orel. The rivers and lakes are rich in fish. More than 100 species of fish can be found in them, including sturgeons, salmons, mirror carps, taimen, lenok, etc. There are many mineral springs that can be used for medicinal purposes. Near Khabarovsk fresh water underground springs are located, the water from which is widely used now for drinking and in industries.

The Khabarovsk Krai has the largest industrial production in the Russian Federation. The major branch of the economy is heavy industry. The most developed branches of heavy industry here are machine construction, ferrous metallurgy and processing of the major natural resources: timber, pulp and paper, oil and chemical processing.

The Khabarovsk Krai has high quality timber, coal, gold, tin, manganese, tungsten and molybdenum. Our forests consist mainly of larch, spruce and fir trees. Foreign trade is well developed in the Territory. Major export items are timber and timber products, iron, steel and oil products and waste metal.

Two main railways cross the territory - the Trans-Siberian Railroad and the Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM). Khabarovsk international airport is the eastern gateway to Russia. The Amur River Steamship company ships more than thirty million tons of cargo per year. Vanino, Nikolaevsk-on-Amur, De-Kastri, Cape Lazarev, Okhotsk, Mago and Sovetskaya Gavan are the ports through which the Khabrovsk Krai and Russia are connected to the world.

The climate of the Khabarovsk Krai is monsoon over much of the territory but it varies considerably in different parts because the territory extends greatly. The climate is continental: winters are cold with little snow and strong winds, while summers are hot and humid. Temperatures range from -22 (-8F) in January to 21 (70F) in July. Springs and falls are sunny and the sky is high and blue when the weather is good. It is rainy during the second half of summer.

Strong courageous people, able to survive in difficult conditions settled in the Far East of Russia. This land attracted migrants from European part of Russia and Central Asia. Now people of different nationalities live here: Russians and Ukrainians, Uzbeks and Tajiks and many others. The indigenous population of the area includes Nanays, Ulchi, Orochi, Udeges, Nivkhs and Negidals.

The population of the Khabarovsk Krai is mostly urban: over three-fourths of its inhabitants live in the cities.

Note: «Нанайцы» is translated “Nanays” or ”Nanais”.

(- 8F), (70F) – температура по шкале Фаренгейта.

“fall” (now U.S.) – a season, British “autumn”.

“Fresh water” – “fresh” в сочетании с существительным “water” переводится «пресная».

1. Make an outline of the text.

2. Buzz group. Give one word for the following:

1. a region having many mountains

2. a natural fountain of water

3. to sell abroad

4. wind system that affects large climatic regions

5. animals of a particular region

6. plants of a particular region

3. Buzz group. Give English equivalents:

1. протянуться с юга на север

2. горные хребты

3. богаты рыбой

4. обработка древесины

5. целлюлоза

6. высококачественный

7. коренное население

8. городское население

4. Translate the following, paying attention to the meaning of the word “fresh”:

1. Fresh fruit

2. Fresh butter

3. Fresh paint !

4. Fresh weather

5. A fresh chapter

5. Complete the sentences:

1. The relief of the Territory is … 2. The rivers are … 3. The mineral springs can … 4. Different parts of the Territory are connected … 5. The climate varies because … 6. The Amur land attracted … 7. The indigenous population includes … 8. Most of the population … 9. The Khabarovsk Krai … .

6. Work in groups of four.

Below are some arguments for and against leaving the Far East. Read the arguments.

Divide into pairs. Two of you argue for and the other two against. Prepare you arguments working with your partner. Use the ideas given below and your own ideas.

FOR AGAINST

I think leaving is wise because I think it is good to stay, as

there are many mosquitoes; people are very good here;

winters are very cold; the nature is beautiful;

forests are on fire; many places for fishing;

……. …….

7. Read about towns and small villages of the Amur river region in Supplement 2.

Prepare presentations for the Conference “The Amur Land (towns and villages)”. Speak about your home town.

Sister Cities

We live in the time when the period of “cold war” is over. Direct contacts with neighboring countries are being developed. Economic and cultural cooperation is mutually beneficial. “… We are all inhabitants of Planet Earth, and will have no other planet to live on in the foreseeable future. We don’t want to perish in the flames of nuclear war.” (Alexander Panchenko, former Mayor of Khabarovsk)

Sister City relationship promotes mutual understanding, enriches people and helps to make our planet better. Given below is brief information about the Sister Cities of Khabarovsk: Portland (U.S.A.), Niigata (Japan), and Harbin (the P.R.C.)

8) Read the texts, consult the dictionary if necessary.

Portland

The state’s largest city, Portland, is situated in northwestern Oregon on both sides of the Willamette River. Portland got its name in 1845, it was a small unnamed settlement then. In the following years the town developed fast as those were the years of gold rush. It was easy to ship goods from Portland to California and other places as it was located on the river.

Portland now is a beautiful city with parks and rose gardens. Its shopping and theatre districts are among the most modern in the nation.

Niigata

Niigata City is the capital of Niigata Prefecture. It is the largest Japanese city along the coast of the Sea of Japan and has a population of about 530,000. Niigata is one of Japan's most important modern international ports.

It is surrounded by water. The Shinano and Agano, two of the largest rivers in Japan, run through the heart of Niigata. It lays on a key point along trade routes in the Sea of Japan. International exchanges with neighboring countries such as Russia, South Korea and China are constantly expanding. Although Niigata has grown into an important regional center of activity, the city has preserved its traditional culture, natural environment, and distinctive local character. When Niigata is mentioned, many people often think immediately of the area's delicious rice and sake or the city's beautiful sunsets, but the residents of Niigata themselves take pride, rather, in the spirit of hospitality and community that so distinguishes the city !

Harbin

Harbin is the capital city of Heilonjiang province. It is its political, economic and cultural center with a population of more than two and a half million people. The climate of it is sunny in spring, charming in summer and windy in autumn. In winter everything is blanketed with snow.

Harbin is an important communications center with railway, air and water transportation in all directions. The topography of the city is full of ups and downs, but the roads are wide and tidy.

This city is known for winter sports. People are very active in mass sports here. Old and young practice boxing all year round.

Words and expressions:

Sister Cities – города побратимы

to sign an agreement – подписать соглашение

relationship - отношение

to foster/ promote friendship and mutual understanding – способствовать развитию дружеских отношений и взаимопониманию

beneficial – полезный

hospitality – гостеприимство

exchange – обмен

8. Brainstorming. What can we do to revive Sister City relationship ?

9. Numbered Heads Together. Divide into four groups. Each group adds some facts about one of these cities. Make presentations.

Niigata.

Harbin.

Portland.

10) Translate the text:

Erofei Khabarov

Khabarov was born around 1610 in northeastern European Russia, in the village of Dmitrievo. As a teenager, he roamed through the Tobolsk area of central Siberia, moving mostly by river boats further and further east. In the years 1632 – 1642, he established a successful farming and salt extraction operation in the Lena River basin. In 1649, Khabarov, together with his 70 volunteers, mounted an expedition “for the conquest of the lands of the Amur.” In 1650, he brought back to Irkutsk a sketch of the Daur land on the left bank of the Amur (the Daurs are the native people), and spread the news of its riches. During the following three years Khabarov fought successfully with the Daurs, and other local tribes. News of these successes reached Moscow, and a nobleman, Dmitri Ivanovich Zinoviev, was sent to reward Khabarov and his band of conquerors.

However, once on the spot, Zinoviev heard many complaints and accused Khabarov of misuse of state funds and illegal exploitation of his men and the natives. “Having grabbed him by the beard” Zinoviev made Khabarov a prisoner and sent him back to Moscow.

An investigation vindicated Khabarov, restored to him his valuables, and raised him to the status of a nobleman. His petition to continue exploration was denied, however, and Khabarov disappeared from the historical scene.

Nevertheless, the memory of Khabarov and his deeds was not erased from the hearts and minds of the Russians. Almost two centuries later, the capital city of the Amur territory was named Khabarovsk.

(From “Sister Cities”, Sept., 1988)

11) Read Supplement 3 to make presentations at the conference “My Homeland. Pages of History.”

Unit 7

PSYCHOLOGY

The science of the mind and the mental states and processes, of human nature is Psychology. Psychologists use a variety of well-developed techniques to gather information and develop theoretical explanations. They try to determine why people think and act as they do. Much of contemporary psychology was regarded as a part of philosophy at one time. Now most psychologists believe all facts of human experience are the object of the science of psychology.

Some students find it difficult to think of psychology as a science in the same sense that physics and chemistry are sciences. How can the tender feelings of a first romance, the thrill of driving a sports car at 100 miles per hour, or the agony of a defeated football team be described in objective scientific terms ?

However, most scientists believe that scientific analysis can be applied to various areas of human existence and it serves humanity. Scientific research is often divided into two categories: basic and applied, which usually go hand in hand to provide understanding.

Words and expressions:

States and processes – состояния и процессы

think and act – думать и действовать

scientific terms – научные термины

can be applied to – может быть применен

applied - прикладное

go hand in hand идут рука об руку

1. Work in pairs. Take it in turns to ask and answer these questions:

1. Do you study Psychology ?

2. Do you find this subject interesting ?

3. What is the object of the science of Psychology ?

4. Can emotions be the object of Psychological analysis ?

4. Is Psychology necessary for your future profession ?

2. Name professions where it is important to know Psychology ?

3. Read the text and give another title to it.

SOME TRENDS IN PSYCHOLOGY

Psychology today is as much profession as science. It applies its findings to every aspect of life. There are two major schools of thought in Psychology. In the U.S.A. large numbers of psychologists belong to either behaviorist or psychoanalytic tradition. Since the days of their founders, Watson and Freud, the two schools stand firmly against each other in definitions of psychology and in approaches to it.

The most recent stage of evolution in behaviorism is the Cognitive Revolution. It formally began around 1960. Bandura's cognitive-behavioral approach has become very popular. Of course, not all behaviorists have accepted the cognitive revolution.

There are some recent developments in psychoanalysis. The most known are the works of Allport, Murray and Erikson.

The newest large-scale movement in psychology is humanistic psychology.

Although it opposes behaviorism and psychoanalysis it builds on the best of those approaches. It began in 1950s and it aims to replace the other two major forces. Maslow is called the spiritual father of humanistic psychology.

He developed a theory of personality that focuses on our motivation to grow, to develop and to fulfill all of our potentials and capabilities.

One of the significant trends is Activity approach, introduced and developed by Russian psychologist A. Leontiev, who based his concept on the ideas of culture-historic theory, suggested by L. Vygotskii and A. Luria.

Being a member of society each of us is going to be affected by psychological research. As citizens we are consumers of its results and it is in our interests to be intelligent consumers.

4) Answer the questions:

1. What does Psychology study ?

2. What are the two major schools in Psychology ?

3. What new movement is replacing the other two principal forces ?

4. What concept is based on the ideas of culture-historical theory ?

5. Who are well-known Russian Psychologists ?

5) Match the following:

1. The founder of behaviorism 1. A. Freud

2. The author of self-actualization theory 2. John Watson

3. Theory of evolution 3. Albert Bandura

3. Socio-Behaviorism 4. A. Leontiev

4. The author of the Activity approach 5. Charles Darwin

7. Psychoanalysis 6. Abraham Maslow