28.George III

George III was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 1760 until the union of these two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death in 1820. He was the third British monarch of the House of Hanover. George III's long reign was marked by a series of military conflicts involving his kingdoms. A series of wars against revolutionary and Napoleonic France finally concluded in the defeat of Napoleon in 1815. Early in his reign, Great Britain defeated France in the Seven Years' War and became the dominant European power in North America and India. However, many of its American colonies were soon lost in the American War of Independence, which led to the establishment of the United States of America. American War of Independence began in 1775 after the Boston Tea Party (1773), against the British government and the monopolistic East India Company that controlled all the tea coming into the colonies. The Tea Party was the culmination of a movement throughout British America against the Tea Act, which had been passed by the British Parliament in 1773. During the reign of George III, the British prime minister from 1766 to 1768 was William Pitt, The Elder. He was a British statesman who achieved his greatest fame leading Britain during the Seven Years' War (1756 – 1763). He managed to expand the British territory in West India, Africa and capture the Spanish island Menorca.

29.The Victorian Age of the British Empire

The 19th century is regarded as the Victorian age of the British Empire, named after The Queen Victoria (1837 – 1901). The Victorian Age was characterized by rapid change and developments in nearly every sphere - from advances in medical, scientific and technological knowledge to changes in population, growth and location. In 1876 the English Empire was constantly being expanded. The British Empire was the largest empire. It included India, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and several islands in the West Indies and various colonies on the African coast. By the end of the 19th century the population of the country was over 410 million people. At Victorian age England was a deeply religious country: the Bible was frequently and widely read by people of every class. But the education in nineteenth-century England was not equal - not between the sexes, and not between the classes. Gentlemen were educated at home and then attended different schools such as Eton or Harrow. After they entered universities. A lady's education was taken at home. There were special schools for ladies, but they get there almost practical skills, while boys studied scientific subjects. Gothic Revival architecture became significant in this period.

30.Chartism.Britain & Ireland

Chartism is a political and a social movement in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland during the mid-19th century. It takes its name from the People's Charter of 1838, which stipulated the six main aims of the movement. The fought for the right to vote, the secret ballot, no property qualification for members of Parliament, no payment of members, equal constituencies, and the annual parliament. Chartism was possibly the first mass working class labour movement in the world. In 1839 there was the first lifting of the Chartism. There was a National convent in London, which had the aim to force the Parliament to accept their Carter, but they didn’t manage to do it. And in the 1842 there was a second lifting of this movement. The new National convent began to write the next petition in the Parliament. Their main demand was to cancellate the union between England and Ireland. The main conflict between Britain and Ireland. It is a religious conflict between the Protestants that are supported by England and Catholics, supported by Ireland. This conflict has been lasted for more than 900 years.