Протодьяконов Алгоритмы Data Science и их практическая реализация на Python 2022

VGG

ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɟɪɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɵ $OH[1HW ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɜɟɪɬɨɱ ɧɵɯ ɧɟɣɪɨɫɟɬɟɣ ɩɨɲɥɨ ɫɟɦɢɦɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɲɚɝɚɦɢ Ȼɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ $OH[1HW ɧɟɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɢ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜ ɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ

Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɜɟɬɜɟɣ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɷɬɨ 9** Ɉɧɚ ɨɛɨɲɥɚ $OH[1HW ɜɝɨɞɭ ɧɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɯ ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɧɨ ɧɚ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɷɬɨ ɜɟɬɤɚ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɭɩɢɤɨɜɨɣ Ɋɚɡɛɟɪɟɦɫɹ ɩɨɱɟɦɭ

9** – ɷɬɨ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɞɨ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ $OH[1HW ɋɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɛɟɪɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɹɞ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɩɨɬɨɦ ɪɹɞ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɩɨɬɨɦ ɬɪɟ ɬɶɟɝɨ Ɍɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ ɚ ɩɨɬɨɦ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɧɚɛɨɪɨɜ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɫɜɟɪɬɵɜɚɟɦ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ

ɉɨɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɤɚɤ ɭɫɬɪɨɟɧɚ 9** ɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɫ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɇɚ ɜɯɨɞɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹɬɨɱɧɨɬɚɤɨɟɠɟ ɤɚɤɢɜɩɪɨɲɥɨɦɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɮɨɬɨɜɮɨɪɦɚɬɟɬɪɺɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɤɫɟɥɟɣ

Ⱦɚɥɟɟɦɵɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɬɪɢɷɬɢɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɧɚ ɧɚɛɨɪɚɫɜɟɪɬɨɱɧɵɯɫɥɨɟɜ ɩɨ ɹɞɪɚ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ

ɉɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɫ ɨɬɫɬɭɩɨɦ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ

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ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɥɨɟɜ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɤɚɫɤɚɞɨɜɫɜɟɪɬɨɤɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬɤɚɤɨɞɧɚɛɨɥɶɲɚɹɫɜɟɪɬɤɚ ɜɦɟɫɬɨɫɥɨɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɜɚ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɢ ɷɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɥɨɟɜ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ

Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɧɚɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɫɥɨɣ ɩɨɞɜɵɛɨɪɤɢ

ȼ 9** ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɜɵɛɨɪɤɚ ɧɚ ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ

ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɭɠɟ ɧɚɤɥɚ ɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɬɪɢ ɫɥɨɹ ɫɜɟɪɬɨɤ ɩɨ Ɉɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ ɧɟɣɪɨɫɟɬɶɸ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨɞ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɭɸ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɟɬɶ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ©ɧɟ ɡɧɚɟɬª ɤɚɤɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ ɢ ɜɟɫɚ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɩɨɞɨɣɞɭɬ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɛɭ ɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ

ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɤɚɫɤɚɞ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɞɜɟ ɫɜɟɪɬɤɢ ɩɨ ɹɞɪɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɤɚɫɤɚɞ ɫɨ ɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɭɠɟ ɫɜɟɪɬɤɢ ɧɨ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɭɠɟ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɚɪɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɚɹ ɨɬ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ 9** – ɷɬɨ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɨ ɧɟɣɪɨɫɟɬɟɣ ɜ ɡɚ ɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɢɥɵ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɫɜɟɪɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɹ

ȼɛɚɡɨɜɨɦɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟɤɚɫɤɚɞɫɨɫɬɨɢɬɢɡ ɫɜɟɪɬɨɤɩɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜɧɚɤɚɠ ɞɨɦ ɫɥɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɦ ɧɚ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ Ɂɚ ɧɢɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɥɨɣ ɩɨɞɜɵ ɛɨɪɤɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɟɳɺ ɞɜɟ ɢɥɢ ɬɪɢ ɫɜɟɪɬɤɢ ɢ ©ɫɯɥɨɩɵ ɜɚɟɬª ɞɨ

321

Ɍɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɹ ɬɪɢ ɫɜɟɪɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɹ ɦɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɜɟɫɨɜ

ɑɟɬɜɟɪɬɵɣ ɤɚɫɤɚɞ ɫɜɟɪɬɨɤ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ – ɫɥɨɹ ɩɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ ɂɡɨɛ ɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɣ ɩɨɞɜɵɛɨɪɤɨɣ ɨɬ ɞɨ ɇɚ ɷɬɨ ɭɠɟ

Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɫɯɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɵɣ ɜɢɞ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɨɜ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ ɧɢɠɟ

ɋɥɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɥɨɟɦ ɢ ɨɧ ɭɠɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɫ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɜɹɡɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɹɦɢ ɉɨɫɥɟ ɧɟɝɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɜɹɡɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɢ ɩɨ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɨɜ ɞɜɚ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɥɨɹ

ɇɚ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɜɹɡɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɢɤɫɟɥɟɣ ɩɨ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɨɜ Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɦɵ ɫɬɵɤɭɟɦ ɢɯ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɜɹɡɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɫ ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɫɥɨɟɦ ɧɚ ɧɟɣɪɨ ɧɨɜ ɩɨɬɨɦ ɫɨ ɜɬɨɪɵɦ ɫɥɨɟɦ ɧɚ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɬɨɦ ɢɞɟɬ ɮɢɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɬɵɤɨɜɤɚ ɫ 6RIWPD[ ɧɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɢɦɟɹ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ – ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɯɥɨɩɧɭɬɶɢɯɞɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɟ9** Ʉɚɠɞɵɣɤɥɚɫɫɛɭɞɟɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ – ɷɬɨ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɹ ɮɨɪɦ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɹ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɣ ɮɨɪɦ ɢ ɬɚɤ ɞɚɥɟɟ Ɍɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɢɡ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɨɜ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɭ ɢɡ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɮɨɪɦ

Ⱥɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ 9** ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɚ ɜ – ɝɨɞɭ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɧɨ ɤ ɫɨɠɚɥɟ

322

ɧɢɸ ɹɜɢɥɚɫɶ ɬɭɩɢɤɨɜɨɣ ɜɟɬɤɨɣ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɫɜɟɪɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɉɨ ɱɟɦɭ 9** ɫɬɚɥɨ ɬɭɩɢɤɨɦ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɨ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚɯ

GOOGLENET

ɉɨɫɥɟ ɭɫɩɟɯɚ ɫɟɬɢ $OH[1HW ɜ ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɭɠɟ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɢɡɨɛ ɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɇɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɵ $OH[1HW ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɢɡɧɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ Ɉɞɢɧ ɢɡɧɢɯ– ɷɬɨ ɫɟɬɶ *RRJ/H1HW ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ,QFHSWLRQ v Ⱥɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɵ ,QFHSWLRQ ɩɨɤɚ ɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɦɵɦɨɠɟɦɡɚɣɬɢɜɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢɫɜɟɪɬɨɱɧɵɯɧɟɣɪɨɫɟɬɟɣ

ɋɟɣɱɚɫ ɭɠɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɥɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɢɦɭɸ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɭ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɧɟɣɪɨɫɟɬɟɣ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ ɡɚ ɦɟɞɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɦ ɟɫɥɢ ɭ ɧɚɫ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɫɜɟɪɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɺɜ Ʉɨɝɞɚɢɯɩɹɬɶ ɞɟɫɹɬɶ ɞɜɚɞɰɚɬɶɫɥɨɺɜ ɦɵɟɳɺɦɨɠɟɦɧɟɣɪɨɫɟɬɶɨɛɭɱɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɚɯ ɧɨ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɵɬɚɟɦɫɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɢɥɶ ɧɚɹɪɚɫɤɚɱɤɚɜɟɫɨɜ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɧɟɣɪɨɫɟɬɶɧɚɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɟɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɜɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢ ɤɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɬɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɶ ɷɬɨ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɧɨ ɞɨɲɥɨ ɞɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɜɟɫɨɜ ɢ ɩɨ ɩɭɬɢ ɨɧɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɡɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɫɺ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ

ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɪɚɫɤɚɱɤɢ ɜɟɫɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɢ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɯ ɫɜɟɪɬɨɱɧɵɯɧɟɣɪɨɫɟɬɟɣɧɟɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɢɦɚ ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭɫɟɣɱɚɫɢɳɭɬɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɵ ɤɨ ɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ ɛɵ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɬɶ ɫɟɬɶ ɧɟ ɜ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɭ ɚ ɜ ɲɢɪɢɧɭ Ƚɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɧɟɣɪɨɫɟɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɚ ɫɥɨɹɦɢ Ȼɨɥɶɲɟ ɱɟɦ ɫɥɨɺɜ ɧɚ ɬɟɤɭ ɳɢɯ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɧɵɯ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɢɠɢɦɨ

ȼɟɪɧɟɦɫɹ ɤ *RRJ/H1HW ȼ ɱɺɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɢɞɟɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɱɟɦɭ ɨɧɚ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɚɫɶ ɩɪɨɪɵɜɧɨɣ ȼɫɩɨɦɧɢɦ ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɫɜɟɪɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɛɥɨɤ ɗɬɨ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɜɟɪɬɨɤ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɤɚɤɢɦ ɬɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶɤɨɧɬɭɪɧɭɸɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɢɡɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣɢɨɛɴɟɞɢ ɧɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɥɨɹ ɩɨɞɜɵɛɨɪɤɢ

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɢɞɟɹ ɫɜɟɪɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɛɥɨɤ ,QFHSWLRQ v ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶ ɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɫɥɨɟɜ ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɜɟɪɬɤɚ ɩɨ × ×× ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɨɟɦ 0D[3RROLQJ ɩɨɞɜɵɛɨɪɤɢ ×

323

ɇɚ ɜɯɨɞ ɩɨɞɚɟɦ ɨɞɧɢ ɢ ɬɟ ɠɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɧɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɸɬ ɤɚɤɭɸ ɬɨ ɢɧɮɨɪ ɦɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɨɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɟɬɫɹ 0D[3RROLQJ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɚ ȼɵ ɯɨɞɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ ɨɬ ɷɬɢɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɟɦ ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɫɤɥɚɞɵ ɜɚɟɦ ɚ ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɧɨɠɚɟɦ ȼɫɹ ɷɬɚ ɹɱɟɣɤɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɫɜɟɪɬɤɢ ɗɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɢɞɟɹ *RRJ/H1HW ɢ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɫɟɬɢ IQFHSWLRQ Ɍɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɦɵ ɧɚɪɚ ɳɢɜɚɟɦ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɪɚɳɢɜɚɟɦ ɫɜɟɪɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɢɧɟ ɜɝɥɭɛɶ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ 9** ɚ ɜɲɢɪɶ ɗɬɚ ɹɱɟɣɤɚ Ⱥ ɥɟɝɥɚ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ *RRJ/H1HW ɢ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɹɱɟɟɤ ɗɬɨ ɧɟ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹɢɞɟɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɥɟɠɢɬɜɨɫɧɨɜɟɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯɫɜɟɪɬɨɱɧɵɯɧɟɣɪɨɫɟ

ɬɟɣ

ȼɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɚɹ ɢɞɟɹ Ɇɵ ɦɨɠɟɦ ɤɚɤ ɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɢɡɨɛɪɚ ɠɟɧɢɟ ȼ ɫɟɬɢ $OH[1HW /H1HW 9** ɭ ɧɚɫ ɛɵɥ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɫɭɠɚɸɳɢɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɛɥɨɤ ȼ /H1HW ɛɵɥ ɜ $OH[1HW ɮɢɥɶɬɪ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɫɯɥɨɩɵɜɚɟɦ ɞɨ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɨ ɬɨɦ ɭɠɟ ɫ ɧɢɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɦ

ȼ IQFHSWLRQ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɵ ɨɩɹɬɶ ɬɚɤɢ ɢɡ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɜɟɪɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɺɜ ȼ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɜ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɜɟɪɬɨɱ_ ɧɵɯ ɧɟɣɪɨɫɟɬɟɣ ɟɺ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ VWHP ɢɥɢ ɫɬɜɨɥ ɂɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɦ ɛɚɡɨɜɨ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɭ IQFHSWLRQ

ɋɬɜɨɥ– ɷɬɨɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɧɚɛɨɪɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ ɩɨɬɨɦɭɧɚɫɢɞɺɬ ɛɥɨ ɤɨɜ ɫɜɟɪɬɤɢ Ⱥ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ Ⱥ ɢɞɟɬ 0D[3RROLQJ ȼ ɤɨɧɰɟ )& ɢ 6RIWPD[ ɩɨɱɢɫɥɭɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ȼ IQFHSWLRQɩɨɥɧɨɫɜɹɡɧɵɣɫɥɨɣɜɫɟɝɨɨɞɢɧ ɧɨɡɚɫɱɺɬ ɲɢɪɨ ɤɢɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɨɫɶ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɧɟɩɥɨɯɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ

ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɬɜɨɥɚ ɦɵ ɩɵɬɚɟɦɫɹ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɢɡ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɤɚ ɤɢɟ ɬɨɛɚɡɨɜɵɟɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɜɡɢɪɚɹɧɚɤɚɤɢɟ ɬɨɩɨɦɟɯɢ ɬɨɟɫɬɶɦɵɫɱɢɬɚɟɦ ɱɬɨ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɩɢɤɫɟɥɟɣ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɧɟɫɭɬ ɨɞɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɵ ɬɚɟɦɫɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɷɬɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɩɨ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɚɦ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚɦ ɪɚɫɱɥɟɧɢɬɶ ɢ ɪɚɡɨɛɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɡɚ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɢ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɭɠɟ ɨɩɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɷɬɢɦɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦɢ ɢ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɥɨɢ ɫɜɟɪɬɤɢ ɩɨɞɜɵɛɨɪɤɢ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɧɟɣɪɨɫɟɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɚ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ

Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɪɚɡɛɟɪɟɦɫɹ ɢɡ ɱɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɫɬɜɨɥ IQFHSWLRQ

324

ɇɚ ɜɯɨɞ ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɧɨ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ ɫɢɧɢɣ ɝɨɥɭɛɨɣ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɫɨɛɚɤɭ ɚ ɨɧɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɨɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɭɸ ɫɨɛɚɱɤɭ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɢɡɨɛ ɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɦ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɝɞɟ ɠɟ ɷɬɚ ɫɨɛɚɱɤɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ

Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦ ɫɬɜɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɫɜɟɪɬɨɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɭɦɟɧɶ ɲɚɟɬɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɱɬɨɛɵɦɵɨɬɵɫɤɚɥɢɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɷɬɨɣɫɨɛɚɱɤɢ ɧɚɮɨɬɨ ɉɟɪɜɚɹɫɜɟɪɬɤɚ ɫɲɚɝɨɦ ɬɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɫɪɚɡɭɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɦɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦ ɞɜɚ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɧɢ ɷɮ ɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɟɣ ɱɟɦ ɨɞɢɧ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦ 0D[3RROLQJ

Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɢɞɺɬ ɫɥɨɣ ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɡɚ ɧɢɦ ɫɥɨɣ ɫ ɲɚɝɨɦ ɨɩɹɬɶ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɦ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ ɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɢɞɟɬ ɫɥɨɣ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɟɬ ɜɫɟ 0D[3RROLQJ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ

ɇɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɦɵ ɤɚɤ ɛɵ ©ɩɪɨɪɟɠɢɜɚɟɦª ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɦɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɭɠɟ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɪɟɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟ ɧɢɹ ɩɨɩɵɬɚɟɦɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ –0D[3RROLQJ ɗɬɨɧɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɝɥɚɡɚ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɟɬɢ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɨɜ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɫɭɬ ɫɬɜɢɟ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɨɧɢ ɩɵɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɤɨɦɩɨɧɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɥɨ ɜɢɬɶ ɫɜɹɡɶ

Ɍɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɦɢɦɵɡɚɫɱɟɬɫɥɨɟɜɫɜɟɪɬɤɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɧɟɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɚɸɬ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɧɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨ ɩɟɪɟ ɦɧɨɠɚɸɬɫɹ

INCEPTION

ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɹ ɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɬɢɩɚ LQFHSWLRQ ɞɚ ɜɚɣɬɟ ɩɨɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɢɞɟɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɥɢ ɷɬɭ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɭ ɢ ɩɨɡ ɜɨɥɢɥɢ ɟɣ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɩɨɛɟɞɢɬɶ ɜ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɦ ɝɨɞɭ ɧɚ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ

ɂɞɟɢ LQFHSWLRQ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɞɟɥɟ ɩɪɨɪɵɜɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭ ɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɜɫɟɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɜ ɬɟɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚɯ ɧɟɣɪɨɫɟɬɟɣ

ɂɬɚɤ ɞɚɜɚɣɬɟ ɩɨɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɡɚ ɢɞɟɢ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɧɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ LQFHSWLRQ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɢ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɦɵ ɢɯ ɦɨɠɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɢɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɭɥɭɱɲɢɬɶ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ

ɇɚɩɨɦɧɢɦ ɱɬɨ ɫɜɟɪɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɟɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɩɨɞ ɧɚɡɜɚ ɧɢɟɦ ɫɬɜɨɥ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ – ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɫɠɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɢ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɢɞɭɬ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɜɟɪɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɭ ɧɚɫ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɢɞɺɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɜɹɡɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ 6RIWPD[ – ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚ ɬɨɪ

325

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɫɜɟɪɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɟɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɬɪɺɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ

ɉɟɪɜɚɹ ɢɞɟɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ LQFHSWLRQ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɜ ɛɥɨɤɟ ɫɬɜɨɥɚ ɢɞɟɬ ɛɥɨɤ ɫɜɟɪɬɤɢ FRQYROXWLRQ EORFN ɢ ɛɥɨɤ ɩɨɞɜɵɛɨɪɤɢ 0D[ 3RROLQJ

ɋɜɟɪɬɤɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ 0D[ 3RROLQJ ɫɠɢɦɚɟɬ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɵ ɬɟɪɹɟɦ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɫɬɢ ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɞɢɥɟɦɦɚ ɜ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɫɜɟɪɬɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɞɜɵɛɨɪɤɢ

Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɨɧɢ ɱɟɪɟɞɭɸɬɫɹ — ɷɬɨ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɥɟɝɥɚ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ LQFHSWLRQ ɢ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ ,QFHSWLRQ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɝɢɛɪɢɞ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɜɟɪɬɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɜɵɛɨɪɤɢ

ɋɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɫɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ ɜ ɫɜɟɪɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɧɟ ɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɷɬɨ ɞɟ ɥɚɬɶ ɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɫɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ ɜ ɫɜɟɪɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚɯ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɛɥɨɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɜɵɛɨɪɤɢ ɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɝɢɛɪɢɞɧɵɦ ɛɥɨɤɨɦ ɫɜɟɪɬɤɢ ɫ ɲɚɝɨɦ ɢ ɩɨɞɜɵ ɛɨɪɤɢ

Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɥɟ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɣ ©ɛɥɨɤ Ⱥª Ɍɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɦɵ ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸ ɛɥɨɤ ɩɨɞɜɵɛɨɪɤɢ ɦɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶ ɡɭɟɦ ɫɜɟɪɬɤɭ ɫ ɲɚɝɨɦ ɢ ɩɨɞɜɵɛɨɪɤɭ ɗɬɨ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɚɟɬ ɩɨɞɜɵɛɨɪɤɭ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɨɬɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɬɶ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɚ ɤɚɤɢɦ ɬɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɬɨɠɟ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ©ɩɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶª ɫ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɬɨ ɟɳɺ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ

Ɋɚɡɭɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɱɬɨ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ©ɛɥɨɤ Ⱥª ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɨɞɜɵɛɨɪɤɚɯ ɡɚɦɟɧɹɹ ɢɯ ɝɢɛɪɢɞɚɦɢ

326

ȼɫɹ ɫɭɬɶ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɢɞɟɢ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɩɨɞɜɵɛɨɪɤɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭ ɟɬɫɹ ɝɢɛɪɢɞ ɫɜɟɪɬɤɢ ɩɨɞɜɵɛɨɪɤɢ

ȼɬɨɪɚɹ ɢɞɟɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɚ ɫɟɬɢ LQFHSWLRQ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɝɥɭɛɠɟ ɢ ɥɟɝɱɟ ɡɚ ɤɥɸɱɚɥɚɫɶɜɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɛɭɞɟɬɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɬɚɤɨɣɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ

Ɍɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ ɡɚɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɜɧɨɰɟɧɧɵɦ ɢ Ɍɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɦɵ ɫɧɚ ɱɚɥɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɚ ɩɨɬɨɦ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɫɬɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɉɨ ɮɚɤɬɭ ɦɵ ɭɠɟ ɢɦɟɟɦ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜɟɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɚ

Ɍɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɦɵɟɳɺɜɩɨɥɬɨɪɚɪɚɡɚɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɦɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɜɟɫɨɜ Ɉɬ ɦɟɬɢɦ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɛɥɨɤɚɯ LQFHSWLRQ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɱɧɨɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɧɨ ɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɚ ɩɨɬɨɦ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɚ ɩɨɬɨɦȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɵ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɵ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ

Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɛɟɢɯ ɩɨɞɤɚɫɤɚɞɨɜ ɜ ɫɜɟɪɬɤɟ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɥɟ ɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɜɟɪɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɋɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɜɬɨɪɚɹ ɢɞɟɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɡɚɥɨ ɠɟɧɚ ɜ ɫɟɬɶ LQFHSWLRQ – ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɟɫɨɜ ɡɚ ɫɱɺɬ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨ ɪɚɡɨɛɶɟɦ ɢɯ ɧɚ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ

Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɢ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɵ ɛɥɨɤɢ ɢ ɤɨɬɨ ɪɵɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɡɚɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɛɥɨɤɢ

Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨ ɦɵ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɢɥɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɵ ɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɫ ɲɢɪɢɥɢɧɚɲɭɫɟɬɶɡɚɫɱɟɬɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɵɯɫɛɨɪɨɤɜɤɚɠɞɨɦɛɥɨɤɟ ȼɨɛɳɟɦɜɢɞɟ ɫɟɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɫɥɨɹ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɢɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ

327

Ȼɥɨɤɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɛɟɡ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ Ɍɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɦɵ ɞɟɥɚɟɦ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɜɺɪ ɬɨɤ ɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦ ɱɬɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɧɟɣɪɨɫɟɬɢ ɪɚɡɛɟɪɺɬɫɹ ɤɚɤɢɟ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɨɬɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɦɵ ɩɵɬɚɟɦɫɹ ©ɫ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɨ ɪɨɧ ɢ ɩɨɞ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɭɝɥɚɦɢª ɢɡɭɱɢɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ

ɂ ɧɚɤɨɧɟɰ ɬɪɟɬɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ 6RIW0D[ – ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɡɚ ɦɟɱɟɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɟɬɶ ©ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɭɜɟɪɟɧɚª ɜ ɤɚɤɨɦ ɬɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɬɨ ɨɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɟɬ ɨɛɭɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ©ɩɨɞɝɨɧɤɚª ɩɨɞ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɫɫ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ

ɇɨ ɧɚɦ ɯɨɬɟɥɨɫɶ ɛɵ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɟɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɩɬɢɰ ɜɵɞɚɜɚɥɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ©ɷɬɚ ɩɬɢɰɚ – ɜɨɪɨɛɟɣ ɫ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ª ɬɚɤɠɟ©ɷɬɚ ɩɬɢɰɚ– ɩɨɩɭɝɚɣ ɫ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ ɫɬɶɸ ª ɢ ©ɷɬɚ ɩɬɢɰɚ – ɨɪɺɥ ɫ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ª Ɍɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ

ɉɨ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɟ ɩɟɪɟɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɣɪɨɫɟɬɢ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɣ ɜɚɠɧɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɟɬɢ LQFHSWLRQ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɵ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɤɭɞɚ ɧɟɣɪɨɫɟɬɶ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜɟɫɨɜ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ

ɋɥɭɱɚɣɧɚɹɢɧɢɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ©ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯªɤɥɚɫɫɨɜɞɚɟɬɧɟɣɪɨɧɧɨɣɫɟɬɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɛɨɥɶɲɟɨɲɢɛɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɨɬɧɟɟɜɵɞɚɱɭɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɵɯ ɨɬɜɟɬɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ Ʉɚɤ ɛɵ ɩɚɪɚɞɨɤɫɚɥɶɧɨ ɬɨ ɧɢ ɤɚɡɚ ɥɨɫɶ ɧɨ ɬɚɤɚɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɬɨɱɧɟɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɩɪɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɨɲɢɛɤɟ ɬɚɤɤɚɤ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɥɨɯɨɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɧɵɣɨɪɟɥɦɨ ɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɚɧ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɚɤ ɜɨɪɨɛɟɣ ɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɬɨɪɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɣɞɟɬ ɤ ɨɪɥɭ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ©ɫɞɜɢɧɭɜª ɨɲɢɛɤɭ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ

ȼɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɟɷɬɢɲɚɝɢɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɩɪɨɞɜɢɧɭɬɶɭɫɩɟɯ ɫɟɬɢ ,QFHSWLRQ ɜ ɧɚɛɨɪɟ ,PDJH QHW ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɢɞɟɹɦɢ ɨɬ 5HV1HW ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ ,QFHSWLRQ ɧɚ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɬɨɩɨɜɨɣ

Ʉɨɧɟɰ ɧɨɹɛɪɹ – ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɞɟɤɚɛɪɹ ɝɨɞɚ

328

RESNET

Ⱥɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ,QFHSWLRQɨɤɚɡɚɥɚɫɶɤɪɚɣɧɟɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɣ ɢ ɜɰɟɥɨɦɨɧɚɨɛɨɡɧɚ ɱɢɥɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɭɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɜɟɪɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɧɟɣɪɨɫɟɬɟɣ ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɚ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɦ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɨɛɟɠ ɞɟɧɚ ɱɭɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɨɣ 5HV1HW

5HV1HW – ɷɬɨ ɬɚɤɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɚɹɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɚɹɧɟɣɪɨɧɧɚɹɫɟɬɶ ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɫɟɬɶ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɚɹɧɚɨɫɬɚɬɤɟ Ⱥɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɛɨɥɟɟɫɥɨɠɧɨɣɜɟɪɫɢɟɣ9** ɝɪɚ ɮɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɢɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ

ɋɭɬɶ ɫɟɬɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɦɵ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɟɦ ɜ ɝɥɭ ɛɢɧɭ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɟɬɶ ɞɨ – ɫɥɨɟɜ ɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɟɦ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱ ɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɥɨɹɦɢ ɢ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɟɝɱɟ Ɍɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɭ ɧɚɫ ɭɠɟ ɧɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫ 9** ɡɚɬɭɯɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɤɚɱɤɢ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɭ ɧɚɫ ɟɫɬɶ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɧ ɢɞɺɬ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɞɨɥɝɨ ɧɨ ɡɚɬɨ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɨɧ ɞɚɺɬ ɧɟɩɥɨɯɭɸ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ

Ⱦɚɜɚɣɬɟ ɩɨɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɝɥɭɛɠɟ ɧɚ ,QFHSWLRQ ɋɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ ɫɜɟɪ ɬɨɱɧɨɣɫɟɬɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɫɬɜɨɥɨɦ ɫɬɜɨɥɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɨɛɨɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɫ ɲɚɝɨɦ Ɍɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɨɧ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɪɨɥɶ ɢ ɫɜɺɪɬɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɜɵɛɨɪɤɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɱɟɦɭ ɦɵ ɫɭɠɚɟɦ ɧɚɲɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢɡ ɧɟɝɨ ɢ ɞɚɥɶɲɟ ɭ ɧɚɫ ɢɞɭɬ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɵ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ ɜɫɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɵ ɨɧɢ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɵ ɜ ɛɥɨɤɢ ɩɨ ɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɛɥɨɤɚɦɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ

Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɥɨɱɤɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫ ©ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚª ɦɟɠɞɭ ɛɥɨ ɤɚɦɢ ɗɬɨɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɱɬɨɜɨɞɧɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɜɛɥɨɤɟ ɚɜɞɪɭ ɝɨɦ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɤ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɫɥɨɸ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɛɥɨɤɭ ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɞɜɚ ɜɢɞɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɨɬ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɤ ɛɥɨɤɭ

Ɉɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɇɟɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ

ɗɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɟɬɶ ɫɚɦɚ ©ɪɚɡɨɛɪɚɥɚɫɶª ɧɭɠɧɵ ɥɢ ɧɟɣ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɵ ɢɥɢ ɢɦ ɧɟ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ ɬɚɦ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɫ ɝɪɚ ɞɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɹ ɱɭɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɨɛɭɱɚɬɶ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɟ ɫɥɨɢ ɉɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɜɚɟɬɫɹ ©ɪɚɫ ɤɚɱɤɚª ɢ ©ɡɚɬɭɯɚɧɢɟª ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ

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