- •3.1 Lead-in
- •3.2 Language input
- •3.2.1 Consult a dictionary and practice the pronunciation of the following words and word combinations, quote the sentences in which they are used in the text or submit the examples of your own.
- •3.3 Background information Human Rights
- •3.4 Comprehension
- •3.4.1 Give extensive answers to the questions. Use the following expressions to present your answers:
- •3.4.3 Develop the following ideas. Make use of the active vocabulary and helpful phrases given in brackets:
- •3.4.4 Match the sentences in the left-hand column with proper ending from the right-hand column. Use background information from ex.3.3.
- •3.4.5 Scan the text again and find the English equivalents for the following:
- •3.5 Practice
- •3.5.1 Read the extract and fill in prepositions or conjunctions wherever necessary. Translate the text. Give the text the appropriate heading.
- •3.5.2 A) Read the text and fill in the gaps with the suitable items (a-g) given below.
- •3.7 Case study & role play
- •3.8 Grammar back up
- •(This structure is often called the ‘second conditional’)
- •If I were at the Board of Directors, I would support you.
- •I’d investigate the matter without any delay, if I weren’t so busy.
- •If I were you, I’d buy extra shares.
- •If I earned a lot of money, I might start my own business.
- •I could lend money to you, if you needed it.
- •Practice with unreal past conditionals
Practice with unreal past conditionals
PRACTICE
Ask yourself these questions when checking unreal past conditionals:
1. When do we use this structure?
Basic form:
if + past perfect + would have + past participle
This structure is often called the ‘third conditional’
We use this structure to talk about unreal past situations - past events that did not happen. We use a past perfect tense in the if-clause, and would have + past participle in the other part of sentence.
If the decisions of the executive committee had been approved by the assembly, all the mistakes would have been discovered.
(But they were not approved.)
If I had studied the documents carefully I would have noticed a mistake. (But I didn’t study them carefully.)
2. Can we use the modal verbs might and could instead of would in the main clause?
If all the books and records had been checked last year, all the discrepancies could have been investigated.
If I’d studied the documents carefully, I might have noticed a mistake.
Exercise 1. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. Mind that talking is about unreal situations in the past.
Model: |
- If Don (not to undertake) a dishonest action, he ______ (not to be dismissed). |
- If Don hadn’t undertaken a dishonest action, he wouldn’t have been dismissed. |
1. It (to make) a bad impression yesterday, if the department ______ (to supply) all the records for the period in question immediately.
2. An employee reminded us, that the company has had already paid off all bills. If it (the company) ______ (to do), we ______ (to be) without the light now.
3. I’m sure that if you ______ (to take) into account his behavior then, you _______ (not have) so much trouble.
4. If I (to know) the basic rights of the stockholders last year, I not (to make a mistake) then.
5. If a passer-by _________ (to help) us, we ________ (to find) the way to the Headquarters.
Exercise 2. If the underlined word or words are used incorrectly, make correction.
We wouldn't have made friends with them if we hadn't stayed at the same hotel.
It wouldn't been so cold in the morning if the wind had stopped blowing.
Members of the General Assembly couldn’t have talked to each other in such languages as Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish if they hadn’t been official that time.
The German government wouldn’t been keen to play a global role if it hadn’t supported international collaboration not only in the European Union, but also in NATO and various UN peace missions.
If we have not received a reply to the above e-mail yesterday, we would have considered your offer null and void.
Exercise 3. Do it in English:
1. Если бы компания обанкротилась, то собственник получил бы свой капитал только после того как наемным работникам, кредиторам и банкам было бы выплачено то, что им должны.
2. Если бы Вы рассмотрели этот вопрос еще раз и сообщили нам об этом обратной почтой, мы смогли бы завершить это дело и сдать его в архив.
3. Если бы мы получили сообщение, о котором идет речь, мы бы смогли выполнить Ваши указания от 12 мая.
4. Мы не смогли бы сформировать единое направление действий, если бы у нас были разные точки зрения.
5. Если бы Греция не соответствовала Копенгагенским критериям, принятым в июне 1993 года на заседании Европейского совета в Копенгагене и утвержденным в декабре 1995 года на заседании Европейского совета в Мадриде, она бы не вступила в Евросоюз.
6. Мы бы поехали на заседание Ассамблеи вчера, если бы вы позвонили накануне вечером и сообщили о времени начала заседания.
7. Во время создания Евросоюза свобода движения капитала была бы невозможна, если бы страны не договорились о необходимости беспрепятственных платежей и переводов через границы, о покупке недвижимости, акций компаний и об инвестирование между странами.