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drillgrinder in 1959, and used common parts to reduce production costs. Bosch gradually became known for their innovative, qualitative ideas.

“Prof” Slany was one of the seven founders of the V DID, a body to promote and support the use of design in Europe. He founded a course at the Stuttgart Academy of Art in industrial design of capital goods, an area in which he also excelled with his company. Here, his philosophies on ergonomics and the reduction of manufacture costs came into their own element.

In 1996 he received the “Bundesverdienstkreuz” from the German President, -the highest order order award for lifetime services to Germany.

Slany’s personal modesty was one prevailing feature that became company policy. The goal is that the clients benefit from a reputation of good quality design, thus encouraging their return. And they do!

This is the unique ability of Teams, as the majority of their customers have worked almost exclusively with Teams for over a decade, some for over 40 years. Teams have been able to design their entire product families, thus enabling the much sought-after product corporate identity.

EXERCISES AFTER READING THE TEXT

7. Translate the following word combinations:

a. Focal point; metal ware; to work freelance; engineering-based field; to benefit from; unique ability; prevailing feature, to encourage somebody’s return; entire product families; to come into one’s own element; common parts; to make

groundbreaking research.

b. Новаторские, качественные идеи; наивысшая награда; делать предложение фирме «Электроинструменты «Бош»; уменьшить производственные расходы; представить концепцию; пожизненная служба; чайник с ручкой круглого профиля; приобретать известность.

8.Pair work. Discuss the text using the following questions:

1.What had he studied he worked at a metal ware company?

2.Where did he work freelance?

3.Why did he turn down an exclusive contract?

4.What concept did he introduce to Bosch Power tools firm?

5.What did he revolutionize?

6.What system did he introduce and how did he reduce production costs?

7.In what area did he excel with his company?

9.Read the text and for questions 1 – 4 choose the best answer, A, B, C.

1.What company did he work at? A. at a building company

B. at a designing company C. at a metal ware company

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2.What contract did he turn down? A. a common contract

B. an exclusive contract C. an excellent contract

3.What did Bosch gradually become known for? A. for innovative ideas

B. for brilliant ideas

C. for innovative, qualitative ideas

4.What prevailing feature became company policy? A. Slany’s personal honesty

B. Slany’s personal modesty

C. Slany’s personal self-confidence

10. Point out which sentence expresses the main idea of the text

1.Ergonomics was always a focal point in his work.

2.Slany approached Bosch Power tools firm, and introduced the concept of industrial design and ergonomics to a previously engineering-based field of manufacture.

3.He revolutionized the power-tool world introducing the plastic housing and made groundbreaking research into tool ergonomics.

Unit 8

Pipeline

Capsule Pipelines

1.Group work. Reflect on the following questions and share your ideas with the class.

1.What do you know about pipelines?

2.What function do they perform?

2. Read the following terms and phrases, mind their pronunciation:

Vocabulary Focus

3. Match the words and phrases to their translation and make sentences: a.

4. Find the pairs of synonyms:

5. Distinguish nouns and adjectives among these words:

Heavy; stage; velocity; hydraulic; vehicle; operational; length; machine; part; pneumatic; empty; fluid; pipeline; separate; truck; pollution; purpose; rock; ceramic; unique; system; promotion.

6. Translate the following pairs of words:

To require – requirement; to compress – compressed; to operate – operated; to develop – development; to roll – rolling; technolog y – technological; wheel – wheeled; transport – transporting; to pollute – pol lution; to reduce – reduction; normal – normally; move – moving; operation – opera ting.

Text 1

7. Read the text and answer the following questions:

1.What do capsule pipelines transport?

2.What kinds of capsule pipelines exist?

3.What pipeline consumes more energy in operation?

Capsule pipelines

Capsule pipelines transport freight in capsules propelled by a fluid moving through a pipeline. When the fluid is air or another gas, the technology is called pneumatic capsule pipeline (PCP), and, when water or another liquid is used, it is termed hydraulic capsule pipeline (HCP). Due to the low density of air, capsules in PCP cannot be suspended by air at ordinary speeds. Instead, the capsules are wheeled vehicles rolling through pipelines. In contrast, because water is heavy, the capsules in HCP do not require wheels. They are both propelled and suspended by water under ordinary operational speeds. HCP systems are operated normally at a speed of 6 to 10 feet per second (1,8 to 3 metres per second), whereas the operational speed of PCP is normally much higher – 20 to 50 f eet per second. Due to high functional loss at high velocity, PCP consumes more energy in operation than HCP.

PCP has been in use since the 19th century for transporting mail, printed telegraph messages, machine parts, cash receipts, books, blood samples (in hospitals), and many other products. Since 1970, large wheeled PCP systems have been developed for transporting heavy cargo over relatively long distances. The largest PCP in the world is LIL O-2 in the republic of Georgia, which has a diameter of 48 inches and a length of 11 miles. The system was built for transporting rock.

In contrast to the long history of PCP, the technology of HCP is still in its infant

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stage. HCP was first considered by the British military for transporting war materiel in East Asia during World War II. The concept received extensive investigation in Canada during 1958-75. Interest in this new technology soon spread to many other nations. In 1991, the United States established a Capsule pipeline Research Center at the University of Missouri in Columbia, jointly funded by industry and government.

A new type of HCP being developed is coal-log pipeline (CLP), which transports compressed coal logs. The system eliminates the use of capsules to enclose coal and the need for having a separate pipeline to return empty capsules. Compared with a coal-slurry pipeline of the same diameter, CLP can transport more coal using less water.

Capsule pipelines of large diameter (greater than seven feet) can be used to transport most of the cargoes normally carried by trucks or trains. In both Europe and the United States, large-diameter capsule pipelines mostly (PCPs) have been proposed for intercity freight transport in the 21st century. Proponents of such projects point out that such underground freight pipeline systems not only allow land surface to be used for other purposes but also reduce the number of trucks and trains needed, which in turn reduces air pollution, accidents, traffic jams, and damage to highway and rail infrastructures caused by the high traffic volume.

EXERCISES AFTER READING THE TEXT

8. Translate the following word combinations:

a. over relatively long distances; functional loss; to consume energy; machine part; intercity freight transport; to transport cargoes; heavy cargo; to move through a pipeline; due to the low density of air; separate pipeline; to use for different

purposes; under ordinary operational speeds.

b. уменьшить загрязнение воздуха; устранять применение капсюлей; перевозить камень; колёсная машина; рассматривать, обсуждать; гидротехнический капсюльный трубопровод; катиться через трубопровод; большой объём трафика; деталь машины.

9.Pair work. Discuss the text using the following questions:

1.How do capsules move through the pipeline?

2.What technology is called pneumatic capsule pipelines?

3.How is technology termed when water or another liquid is used?

4.What speed are hydraulic capsule pipelines operated at?

5.What is the operational speed of PCP systems?

6.Since what time has PCP been in use?

7.What is the largest PCP in the world?

10.Pair work. Discuss the following points:

1. Pneumatic capsule pipelines and their history.

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2. Hydraulic capsule pipelines and their use.

Text 2

Design, Operation and Components of the Pipelines

1. Read the following terms and phrases, mind their pronunciation:

Vocabulary Focus

2. Match the words and phrases to their translation and make sentences: a.

3. Make nouns of the following verbs:

To design; to prevent; to determine; to select; to store; to place; to house; to regulate; to transport; to develop; to consider; to consume; to produce; to move; to apply.

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4. Distinguish nouns and adjectives:

Route; operational; regulation; velocity; environmental; pump; steel; safety; pipeline; critical; automatic; equipment; structure; station; intermediate.

Text 2

5. Read the text and answer the following questions:

1.What does pipeline design include?

2.What is a pipeline?

3.What are booster stations needed for?

Design, Operation and Components of the Pipelines

Pipeline design includes a selection of the route traversed by the pipe, determination of the throughput (i.e. the amount of fluid or solids transported) and the operational velocity, calculation of pressure gradient, selection of pumps and other equipment, determination of pipe thickness and other material (e.g., whether to use steel, concrete, cast iron, or PVC pipe), and an engineering economic analysis and a market analysis to determine the optimum system based on alternate designs.

In each design, careful consideration must be given to safety, leak and damage prevention, government regulations, and environmental concerns.

Components

A pipeline is a system that consists of pipes, fittings (valves and joints), pumps (compressors or blowers in the case of gas pipelines), and booster stations (i.e. intermediate pumping stations placed along the pipeline to house pumps or compressors), storage facilities connected to the pipe, intake and outlet structures, flow meters and other sensors, automatic control equipment including computers, and a communication system that uses microwaves, cables and satellites. Booster stations are needed only for long pipelines that require more than one pumping station. The distance between booster stations for large pipelines is on the order of 50 miles. Special pipelines that transport cryogenic fluids, such as liquefied natural gas and liquid carbon dioxide, must have refrigeration systems to keep the fluid in the pipe under below-critical temperatures stress.

EXERCISES AFTER READING THE TEXT

6. Translate the following word combinations:

a. To traverse a route; operational velocity; government regulations; to calculate pressure gradient; booster station; intake and outlet structure; environmental concern; engineering economic analysis; communication system; pipe thickness; to keep the

fluid in the pipe; to house pumps; automatic control equipment.

b. измеритель расхода; объект хранения трубопроводной продукции; электромагнитная волна; тщательно рассмотреть; альтернативное проектное решение; вспомогательная насосная станция; безопасность; выбор насосов; сжиженный углекислый газ; эксплуатационная скорость.

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7. Arrange the sentences below according to the text:

1.In each design, careful consideration must be given to safety, leak and damage prevention, government regulations, and environmental concerns.

2.Booster stations are needed only for long pipelines that require more than one pumping station.

3.Pipeline design includes a selection of the route traversed by the pipe, determination of the throughput and the operational velocity.

4.A pipeline is a system that consists of pipes, fittings, pumps, booster stations and other facilities.

5.The distance between booster stations for large pipelines is on the order of 50 miles.

8.Tell your partner about the design of pipelines. Get ready to answer your partner’s questions.

9.Read an article about the Contemporary pipelines design and abstract the article.

10.Prepare a report and a computer presentation of the article.

11.Present your report to the class. Get ready to discuss it answering questions and persisting in your opinion.