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The systematic similarity of the family's basic components allows analyzing the family within other similar systems, such as, organizational theory, the theory of management, etc.

As shown below, it creates theoretically clear changes in the social family. In recent years, foreign literature has published works on their lifestyle. The literature has long debated the inclusion of the "lifestyle" into the elements of the structural category. At present, this question has been solved as follows: service requirements are not part of the lifestyle.

In the literature it is accepted to issue objective and subjective life-saving requirements. The objective is in turn divided into two: genuine (geographical, biological, economic, etc.) and social. However, social life requirements are determined in different ways. Socialeconomic, socio-political, socio-cultural ways of social life are considered. The relevance of material and technical and socio-economic requirements and factors to the nature of the society is determined. It is clear that the dialectical unit of objective and subjective factors influences the form of every lifestyle. Concerns make people act differently. In other words, the entity's lifestyle satisfies the formation of life-style plans of the individual's value areas. A person acts according to a certain value or personality. Relationships with objective and subjective factors form a lifestyle. However, it requires the definition of value routes of the lifestyle and thinking system. Depending on the organizational structure of the lifestyle, we should emphasize public activity on the basis of human needs.Therefore, in our point of view; the unification of needs is a factor of social, group, and personal structure.

Summarizing this tradition, its objective and subjective requirements, structural factors are as follows: "The basic method of production, the geographical and social-historical requirements of living, as well as the character of the individual in the service life of the social group and the way of life, what they are dealing with and what they are dealing with. "It is possible to agree with Nurshan Alimbai, who formed the understanding. "Lifestyle" influences the system's influence on factors, the formation of values, internal unity.

The formation of the category of lifestyles has evolved in the family study. The concept of "family lifestyle" has been introduced in the sociology; the theoretical definition has been given to this

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concept. EK A.S. Vasilyeva noted, the family lifestyle shapes society's lifestyle. The main directions of the lifestyle are divided into the following areas: reproductive and educational activities, housekeepping, leisure, labor activity, communication. Also, family lifestyle allows for the control of the diverse aspects of life and the control of family relationships. Having made a significant contribution to the development of the concept of "family lifestyle", We should note N.V. Malyarov. He points out that the lifestyle of an individual does not lead to family life. The author points out the functional and interfamily relationships of the family lifestyle. Other services include services related to production activities, public works, extracurricular activities, various services, family members' development. Domestic services include family needs, child upbringing, relationships, leisure. N.V. Malyarov notes that family services can be created within the family with the family system. This approach can also be used to build life services, as it is well developed in the Soviet and international sociology, from a more effective and shared systemic point of view.

Questions for fixing the material:

1.Who did the research manual method in ethnography?

2.Scientists who made first ethnos theories?

3.How to define social developing indicator of the population?

4.Analyze basic conceptions of manual research.

5.What information is important in writing ethnological reports?

6.At the end of the 19th century, what method did Rivers employ to investigate a relative system?

7.L. Morgan's early ethnographic data collection method?

8.What is the theoretical theme-concept introduced by S.M. Shirokogorov in scientific circulation?

9.An ethnographer who was involved in the concept of ethnos and terminology in 1988?

10.Ethnologist who introduced the concept of "Soviet ethnographic school" in 1946?

11.Analyze the formation of ethnology as a science?

12.Explain what kind of school E. Durkheim is representative?

13.Analyze the ethnological labor of L.G. Morgan "Early society"?

14.Representatives of evolutionism in ethnography of the 19th century?

15.Explain the connection between ethnological sciences and archeology?

16.The relation of ethnology with sociology?

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CHAPTER II

THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE FIRST ETHNOGRAPHERS OF KAZAKHSTAN IN ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH

2.1 The first studies in ethnography

Use of external observation methods in ethnographic studies of Ch. Valikhanov. The great Kazakh scientist, ethnographer and educator Shokan (Muhammad-Kanapiya) Ualikhanov (1835-1865). The name is closely connected with the history of the Russian geographical society and the Russian East.

Ch. Valikhanov made a significant contribution to the analysis of Ethnography and folklore of the Kazakh people. He studied various ethnographic problems and left many valuable completed and unfinished ethnographic studies.

Ch. Valikhanov's Work, especially in the study of the history of the Kazakhs of The middle Zhuz, is special. Until the middle of the XIX century in science, in the middle of the 18th century, the dominant is the misconception that the ethnic groups of the middle Zhuz and the Kyrgyz form a special people living separately from the Kazakhs. As a result of careful research in 1855-1859, Ch. Valikhanov tried to collect voluminous materials and fill this gap in science.

Ch. Valikhanov is of great importance and of the study the problem of the origin of the Kazakh people. He was the first in the historiography of the Kazakh people highly appreciated the data of Ethnography and folklore, considers the chronicle of the Kazakh people, legends, articles as irreplaceable sources in the study of the formation of the Kazakh people, ethnic territory, economy, language, and culture. The opinions of the scientist about the importance of ethnographic and folklore sources for the study of ancient history are reflected in the "Essays of Dzungaria", "In the records of the South Siberian tribes", "In the Kyrgyz chronicle".

Ch. Valikhanov paid Special attention to the research, accumulation, research of ethnographic and folklore sources, their testing

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and preparation of publications with the author's comments and scientific source analysis. His work is a record of "Judicial reform", "Kyrgyz chronicle", "The remains of shamanism in Kirghiz", "18th- century historical stories about heroes", "Shona Batir". He also is preparing to publish works of folklore "Orak's songs", "Songs of Abylai". Many of them are completely written on the basis of historical and ethnographic understanding and analysis of various ethnographic and folklore sources, lead the reader to the creative laboratory of the scientist, characterize the methods of her scientific work and are very theoretically significant.

On the history and Ethnography of the Kazakh people Ch. Valikhanov discovered, studied and widely uses in his works unknown in science written sources, including Russian (literary and archival) details.

In the works of Ch. Valikhanov gives a lot of information on the history of different tribal groups composition (ethnogenesis) of the Kazakh people, but he came out of the Mongol tribes, some tribes, for example, Uisun, Naiman and others.

Questions of formation of anthropological appearance, ethnic territory, language, economy and culture of the Kazakhs. Did not remain without attention.

In works of Ch. Valikhanov, the description of the material and spiritual culture of the Kazakh people is given. Of great scientific interest are his articles: "Armament of the Kyrgyz in ancient times and their military armored vehicles", "On the forms of Kazakh folk poetry", "On Islam in the Crimea", "Remains of shamanism in Kyrgyz".

Ch. Valikhanov's contribution to the ethnographic study of the Kazakh people is unlimited. Scientific materials collected by it, and to date have not lost value and significance. His works had a great influence on the history of further study of the culture and life of the Kazakh people.

Kazakh ethnographer, M.-S. Babazhanov the Use of ethnolinguistic method. Babazhanov Mohamed-Salyk (1832, Bokei Horde – 1871, ibid.) – ethnographer, public figure, educator. Father – Karaulkozha Babadzhanov, was the father-in-law of the Khan of the Bokey Horde Zhangir, often mentioned in the national liberation uprising of Isatay and Makhambet. The name of the scientist's mother is Zha-

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milya, and the wife of Gaziza's wife is the sister of the famous folk composer (kuishi) Dauletkerei.

After elementary schooling in the Russian-Kazakh school in Horde (1841-1845), in 1845 he entered the Neplyuev cadet corps in the regional center in the city of Orenburg and completed the Asian department of this corps (1851). In the years 1850-1860, MuhamedSalyk lived and worked in the Orenburg region. In 1852-1855 he worked in the office of the Orenburg Border Commission. In 1855, he was removed from office on charges of sympathy for the participants in the unrest of the Kazakhs of the Inner Horde and was imprisoned for two months. Nevertheless, given his experience and authority, he was appointed from 1855 to 1861 as a member of the Provisional Council for the Management of the Inner Horde. At the end of the 1950s, on his own initiative, he began to establish close ties with the Russian Geographical Society and began to send there his articles, notes, including valuable and rare archaeological and ethnographic exhibits. He was an adviser to the Provisional Council for the management of the Inner Horde. 1862-1866 he was engaged in animal husbandry. He worked as the head of the Kamys-Samara branch of the Inner Horde.

M.-S. Babazhanov has published books on Kazakh traditions, economy, religion, hunting. Collects and studies the ancient historical heritage of the people, legends, poems, Proverbs and sayings. Archeology, ethnographic concerning history and life of Kazakhs in the Russian museums and scientific institutions. sent exhibits.

In 1861, he was elected a full member of the Russian Geographical Society. For a significant contribution to the work of the Department of Ethnography in 1862, he was awarded a silver medal of the participant. M.-S. Babazhanov – the first Kazakh officially awarded for scientific works. He also wrote articles protesting against the colonial policy of the Russian Empire. In 1860, as part of the representation of the Kazakh people, he arrived in St. Petersburg and addressed the Tsar on behalf of the Governor-General of Orenburg V. Perovsky. The merits of M.-S. Babazhanov in science were noted in the publications of Сh. Valikhanov, P.P. Semenov-Tien-Shansky, V. Grigoriev, P.I. Nebolsin, A. Kharuzin and others. His life, art, creativity, a high degree of knowledge are very similar to the work of C. Valikhanov. Both of them come from a noble and intellectual

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family, having been educated in similar educational institutions. The same applies to the final stage of their life, premature death.

In 1861, at the suggestion of the Department of Ethnography, the Russian Geographical Society accepted him as an associate member, and a year later he was awarded a silver medal "For his contribution to the work of the Department of Ethnography", that is, for a woman who found a stone balb in Naryn Sands. M.-S. Babazhanov was the first Kazakh to receive an official award for scientific works. All his articles and records in due time are considered at all meetings of the Department of Ethnography and are highly appreciated.

His first scientific works were written by the famous Russian ethnographer I.P. Nebolsin in the form of a letter, which, with the permission of the author, is published in the capital's newspapers. In proceedings of M.-S. Babazhanov covers various issues of life of the Kazakhs: the state and the history of the education of the Kazakh people, the relations of the Kazakhs with Russian and Ural Cossacks.

The same applies to his attentive reading of materials of interest to him in magazines published in St. Petersburg, Orenburg and the border region of Astrakhan, including the "Bulletin of the Russian Geographical Society", "St. Petersburg Bulletin", "Ethnographic Collections", "Activities", and "Hunting", "Volga", as well as the publication in these journals of their own articles and notes. It is no coincidence that the life and work of M.-S. Babazhanov coincided with the period of birth, the formation of the first galaxy of Kazakh intelligentsia; the beginning of the study of the Kazakh region by foreign and Russian travelers and researchers. The scientist was quite familiar with the mediocre and obviously weak articles of Russian authors relating to everyday life, history, rites, customs and representtations of the local Kazakh population. Often, he was forced to correct such mistakes and incorrect statements of opponents about his homeland and people. His separate works were written about the Kazakh hunting and horse breeding in the Kazakh economy. Small articles cover archaeological finds and small events of the Inner Horde, as well as the results of research of Kazakh Proverbs and sayings.

M.-S. Babazhanov becomes an active supporter of Russian education and culture, the rapprochement of the Kazakh and Russian peoples.

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The comparative-historical method in the ethnographic works of Y. Altynsarin. One of the famous figures of the Orenburg branch of the Russian Geographical Society was an outstanding Kazakh educator, teacher, writer and ethnographer. Y. Altynsarin (18411889). The study of the ethnography of the Kazakh people Y. Altynsarin begins early and retains this interest in life. He systematically collected scientific materials, knew Russian ethnographic literature about Kazakhs and saw them both positive and negative sides. As a scientist is able to pose current problems to science and seeks to contribute to their solution.

The first scientific works of Y. Altynsarin were written in 18661868, "Essay on traditions during the matchmaking and wedding of the Kyrgyz of the Orenburg province", "Outline of traditions during the funeral and trizna of the Kyrgyz people of the Orenburg province", published in 1870 in the Orenburg branch of the Russian Geographical Society.

In 1872-1873 Y. Altynsarin prepared for publication a collection of Kazakh songs with various explanations but did not publish it. The following year, the Orenburg branch of the Russian Geographical Society elects Y. Altynsarin as it's a member-employee for his invaluable work in the study of Ethnography of the Kazakh people. But due to workload at the main job, he was forced to abandon active work in the Department.

In 1876-1879 Y. Altynsarin on the basis of ethnographic materials collected by him created for the Kazakh schools "Kyrgyz anthology". It covers various topics: customs and traditions of the Kazakhs, religious beliefs and traditions, their life and profession.

To characterize Y. Altynsarin as an ethnographer, articles with traditional Kazakh proverbs and sayings are more important. In 1880, in the article "hunger in the Kyrgyz steppe" he gives a General description of the life, economy, culture and life of the Kazakh people.

In his published articles Y. Altynsarin tells a lot of thoughts and ideas on the methods of ethnographic research, collection of scientific materials and determine the cultural level, national characteristics and prospects of the people.

Prominent figures of the Orenburg branch of the Russian society and other T.A. Seidalin, S.A. Zhantorin, S. Daulbayev's research Methods.

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An active member of the Orenburg Department of The Russian geographical society, T.A. Seidalin (1837-1901). The dictionary implemented a two-way translation, it belonged to a representative of the Kazakh intelligentsia, a fighter for Russian education and culture.

As a member of the Orenburg Department of the Society, the second after Catalina Altynsarin is in the Department an interesting ethnographic article "on the development of grain cultivation along the basin of the river Torgai". Seidalin made a great contribution to the study of Kazakh legal traditions.

Much attention is paid to the study of Kazakh folklore. Samples of Kazakh poetry, collected and translated into Russian In 1874 and 1875, are Formed in the press together with the materials of

S.A. Zhanturin (1837-1892).

A pupil of the Asian branch of the Orenburg cadet corps and a member of the Orenburg branch, S.A. Zhantorin (born in 1837) also became a famous ethnographer. In 1876, visiting many villages of Turgay region, he collected a large number of ethnographic subjects for the Congress of Orientalists. But due to lack of funds, this collection cannot be delivered to St. Petersburg. Among the scientific works of Zhanturin is known in his article "essays of the Kyrgyz horse breeding", written on the basis of interesting ethnographic material.

One of the most capable ethnographers was a member of the Orenburg branch. His biography is unknown. In 1881, S.A. Daulbaev published an article "a story about the life of the Kyrgyz district of Turgay region from 1830 to 1880" and received a silver medal of the Russian geographical society. He was the second and last Kazakh after Babazhanov, who received such an award. His article occupies a special place in the history of ethnographic research of the Kazakh people. It outlines the most significant changes in the cultural and domestic level of the Kazakhs for fifty years. Such ethnographic stu-dies for the Kazakhs were rare in the literature until 1917. S.A. Daul-bayev is also the author of the collection of Kazakh Proverbs publi-shed in 1894.

In the second half of the 19th century, an integral group of educated Kazakhs actively participated in the study of history and Ethnography of their native land. In particular, in the Semipalatinsk Department of the Russian geographical society A. Bukeikhanov, Sh.

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Kudaibergenov, J. Akpaev, M. Shormanov, and others worked fruitfully.

Shokan Valikhanov's father Shyngys Valikhanov (1811-1895) continued the work of his son. He collected the necessary historical and ethnographic materials for the Siberian administration. In 1867 he sent to Moscow for the exhibition an extensive complex of exhibits reflecting the life of the Kazakhs. Famous Kazakh ethnographer Musa Shormanov (1819-1884) left important ethnographic studies. M. Shormanov studying in Omsk cadet corps. After graduation, he held the position of senior Sultan of volost, Bayanaul external district. He has the rank of Colonel of the Russian army. He has published dipped" on the cattle profession in Western-the Siberian Kirghiz", "national traditions of the Kyrgyz people", "record of the Kyrgyz Pavlodar district".

The study of the history and Ethnography of the Kazakhs are prominent public and public figures A. Bukeikhanov, A. Baitursynov, M. Dulatov, A. Ermekov, M. Zhumabayev, K. Kemengerov, A. Seitov, and others. Participation in the study of the history and culture of his country contributed to a better understanding of the difficult people.

Questions to test students ' knowledge:

1.General provisions of research Institutes. Altynsarin's contribution to the study of Ethnography of the Kazakh people?

2.At present, the Republic of Kazakhstan is working on the revival and development of national traditions and customs of the Kazakh people.

3.Methods of research of Kazakh folklore.

2.2 Formation of the school of Ethnography in Kazakhstan

in the 20th century and the use of their ethnographic research methods

Abubakir Akhmetzhanovich Divaev (December 03, 1856, Russia, Orenburg-February 5, 1932. Tashkent) – folklorist, ethnographer. He graduated from the Asian branch of the Orenburg cadet corps (1876). First, he came to the military service in Turkestan, then worked in the Military-people's administration in Tashkent. A.A. Divaev speaks Uzbek, Tajik, Persian. He studied in the cadet corps, studied the Kazakh language, collected samples of oral literature,

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valuable materials relating to the customs and life of the Kazakh people. With A.A. Divayev's participation, ancient inscriptions found in 1895 in the mosque of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi became a significant contribution to the study of the history of the Turkestan region. In the center of the ancient seal, where he found, surrounded by the written name of the Skin of Akhmet Yassaui and has a sign of "hujra 1212", and on the edge of the circle-the name of the master who made the seal (leather Khan). From the lips of the people Asan Kaigy, Alasha Khan, Amir Temir, Karash Batyr, and others b. the book contains statements of famous people-serious and humorous, philosophical and sarcastic-fully reflecting the essence of men. Another option collected by given – is an ancient calendar, the people's concepts about astronomy. A.A. Divaev collected extensive ethnographic materials from the life of the Kazakhs of the Syr Darya. In his speech, the Governor of the region noted that the burial ground of Korkyt-ata is in close proximity to flooding and disappearance, and asked local administrations to take under protection an expensive monument in the history of human culture. A.A. Divaev also made a huge contribution to the study of architectural monuments in the Chu and Talas regions. He writes that in the legend set out in the book "The Mausoleum of the blue Necropolis", the white mausoleum and the blue mausoleum went Kalmyks, who more than 300 years ago headed the Usha and Zering, and the monuments of the white Mausoleum and the blue mausoleum were before the power of the Kalmyks, and all the legends that his military guards used as Parking. Also, give information about the Batyr Sanyrak. The scientific contribution of A.A. Divaev was highly appreciated by professor P.M. Melioransky, A.V. Gordlevski, V.V. Barthold, as well as other scientists.

The problem of collecting, printing samples of Kazakh oral literature of the 19th-20th centuries at the beginning of the group studied by Russian scientists. Among them, the Governor-General of Syr Darya N.I. Grodekov 1884 Kazakh, Uzbek, Kyrgyz people began to collect oral literature, and this is a graduate of the Orenburg cadet corps, who knew the language, traditions and customs of the local people. He, along with Arabic, Persian, was quite fluent in Kazakh, Uzbek and Tajik languages.

A.A. Divaev famous turkologist V.N. Nalivkin, historian, ethnographer, philologist A.N. Vyshnegradskii, being consulted, develop-

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