Добавил:
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:

Учебное пособие 3000405

.doc
Скачиваний:
13
Добавлен:
30.04.2022
Размер:
3.33 Mб
Скачать

86>BACBAB285 86CG5B0 86>@30=870F8>==KE 868 8604<8=8AB@0B82=KE 86D0:B>@>2;86 86

86>BACBAB285 86;>:0;870F88 868 862KA>:0O 86AB>8<>ABL 86;8F5=788.86

86

86B86S86I86\86I86T86 86B86a86s86e86l86i86n86e86 86P86r86o86t86e86c86t86i86o86n86 86M86a86n86u86a86l86 87(875@<0=8O)87

875<5F:89 87AB0=40@B 87«87 C:>2>4AB2> 87?> 87>15A?5G5=8N 87157>?0A=>AB8 87" 87107>2>3> 87C@>2=O»87 87(87I87T87 87B87a87s87e87l87i87n87e87 87P87r87o87t87e87c87t87i87o87n87 87M87a87n87u87a87l87)87 87O2;O5BAO 87>4=8< 8787 87=081>;55 87A>45@60B5;L=KE 87@C:>2>4AB2 87?> 878=D>@<0F8>==>9 87157>?0A=>AB8 87 87=5< 87A>45@60BAO 87?>4@>1=K5 87<5B>48:8 87?> 87>15A?5G5=8N 878=D>@<0F8>==>9 87157>?0A=>AB8 87?@8<5=8B5;L=> 87: 87@07;8G=K< 870A?5:B0< 87DC=:F8>=8@>20=8O 87! 878 87@07;8G=K< 87>1;0ABO< 87".87

87 874>:C<5=B5 87<>6=> 872K45;8BL 87A;54CNI85 871;>:8:87

87<5B>4>;>38O 87C?@02;5=8O 87 87

87:><?>=5=BK 878=D>@<0F8>==KE 87B5E=>;>389:87 87

87:0B0;>38 87C3@>7 87157>?0A=>AB8 878 87:>=B@<5@ 87(87>:>;> 87687087087 87=08<5=>20=89 872 87:064>< 87:0B0;>35)87.87 870B0;>38 87AB@C:BC@8@>20=K 87A;54CNI8< 87>1@07><.87

87A5 87:><?>=5=BK 87@0AA<0B@8205BAO 87?> 87A;54CNI5<C 87?;0=C:87 87>1I55 87>?8A0=85,87 872>7<>6=K5 87AF5=0@88 87C3@>7 87157>?0A=>AB8 87(87?5@5G8A;ONBAO 87?@8<5=8<K5 87: 8740==>9 87:><?>=5=B5 87C3@>7K 8787 87:0B0;>30 87C3@>7 87157>?0A=>AB8)87,87 872>7<>6=K5 87:>=B@<5@K

87D87i87g87i87t87a87l87 87S87e87c87u87r87i87t87y87 87O87f87f87i87c87e87

87D87i87g87i87t87a87l87 87S87e87c87u87r87i87t87y87 87O87f87f87i87c87e87 87 87A8AB5<0 870=0;870 878=D>@<0F8>==KE 87@8A:>2 878 87>F5=:8 87A>>B25BAB28O 87A8AB5<K 87C?@02;5=8O 87 87<564C=0@>4=K<,87 87=0F8>=0;L=K< 878 87:>@?>@0B82=K< 87AB0=40@B0< 872 87>1;0AB8 888=D>@<0F8>==>9 88157>?0A=>AB8.88 88 88=55 882E>48B 88420 88?@>3@0<<=KE 88?@>4C:B0 88 88 $ 888 88‑µ‑ .88

88188)88 88!8AB5<0 88 $ 88-88 88?>72>;O5B 88?>AB@>8BL 88?@81;865==CN 88<>45;L 888=D>@<0F8>==>9 88A8AB5<K,88 88A>45@60ICN 88=081>;55 88:@8B8G=K5 88@5AC@AK 888 88>A=>2=K5 88C3@>7K 888 88CO728<>AB8,88 88A 88CG5B>< 8825@>OB=>AB8 888E 88@50;870F88.88 88­>;CG5==0O 88<>45;L 88?>:07K205B 88=081>;55 88CO728<K5 88<5AB0 88!,88 88C@>25=L 88CI5@10,88 88: 88:>B>@><C 88<>65B 88?@825AB8 88:0640O 88CO728<>ABL,88 880 88B0:65 88?>72>;O5B 88?@8=OBL 88@5H5=85 88> 88B><,88 88:0:85 88:>=B@<5@K 881C4CB 88=081>;55 88MDD5:B82=K.88 88

88!8AB5<0 88 $ 88?@54>AB02;O5B 882>7<>6=>ABL 88?@>2>48BL 880=0;87 88@8A:>2 888=D>@<0F8>==>9 88A8AB5<K 88?@8 88?><>I8 880=0;870 88<>45;8 888=D>@<0F8>==KE 88?>B>:>2,88 880 88B0:65,88 880=0;878@CO 88<>45;L 88C3@>7 888 88CO728<>AB59 88-88 882 887028A8<>AB8 88>B 88B>3>,88 88:0:8<8 888AE>4=K<8 8840==K<8 88@0A?>;0305B 88?>;L7>20B5;L,88 880 88B0:65 88>B 88B>3>,88 88:0:85 8840==K5 888=B5@5ACNB 88?>;L7>20B5;O 88=0 882KE>45.88 88

88­>AB@>5=85 88<>45;8 888=D>@<0F8>==KE 88?>B>:>2:88

882=5A5=85 882A5E 88>1J5:B>2 88! 88-88 88>B45;>2,88 883@C??,88 88A5B52KE 88CAB@>9AB2,88 88284>2 888=D>@<0F88;88 88

88>?@545;5=85 88: 88:0:8< 88>B45;0< 888 88A5B52K< 883@C??0< 88>B=>AOBAO 88@5AC@AK,88 88:0:0O 888=D>@<0F8O 88E@0=8BAO 88=0 88@5AC@A5,88 888 88:0:85 883@C??K 88?>;L7>20B5;59 888<5NB 88: 88=59 884>ABC?;88 88C:070=85 88A@54AB2 8870I8BK 88@5AC@A>2.88 88

88>B25B 88=0 88A?8A>: 882>?@>A>2 88?> 88?>;8B8:5 88157>?0A=>AB8,88 88@50;87>20==>9 882 88A8AB5<5,88 884;O 88>F5=:8 88@50;L=>3> 89C@>2=O 8970I8I5==>AB8 89A8AB5<K 898 8945B0;870F88 89>F5=:8 89@8A:>2.89 89

89­>AB@>5=85 89<>45;8 89C3@>7 898 89CO728<>AB59:89 89>?@545;5=85 89CO728<>AB59 89:064>3> 89@5AC@A0 89A 89F5==>9 898=D>@<0F859,89 898 89?>4:;NG5=85 89A>>B25BAB2CNI8E 89C3@>7,89 89:>B>@K5 89<>3CB 891KBL 89@50;87>20=K 89G5@57 8940==K5 89CO728<>AB8.89 89 89@57C;LB0B5 89?>;CG05BAO 89?>;=0O 89:0@B8=0 89B>3>,89 89:0:85 89A;01K5 89<5AB0 895ABL 892 898=D>@<0F8>==>9 89A8AB5<5 898 89B>B 89CI5@1,89 89:>B>@K9 89<>65B 891KBL 89=0=5A5=.89 89

89289)89 89C898AB5<0 89‑µ‑ 892:;NG05B 892 89A51O 89107K 89AB0=40@B>2 89C?@02;5=8O 898=D>@<0F8>==>9 89157>?0A=>ABLN 89(89I89S89O89 89189789789989989:89289089089089,89 89I89S89O89 89189789789989989:89289089089589,89 89I89S89O89 89289789089089189,89 89!"‑ 89 89!-89189.89089-89289089089689)89,89 89?@54AB02;5==KE 892 892845 89?5@5G=O 89B@51>20=89.89 89=0;878@CO 892K?>;=5=85 89:064>3> 89B@51>20=8O,89 89A8AB5<0 89?>72>;O5B 89?>;CG8BL 89?>;=CN 89:0@B8=C 89-89 89:0:85 89?>;>65=8O 89AB0=40@B>2 892K?>;=ONBAO,89 890 89:0:85 89=5B.89 89"0:65 892 89A8AB5<5 89?@54CA<>B@5=0 892>7<>6=>ABL 89A>74020BL 89A2>8 89107K 89B@51>20=89,89 89GB>1K 89?@>25AB8 89>F5=:C 89A>>B25BAB28O,89 89=0?@8<5@,89 89:>@?>@0B82=><C 89AB0=40@BC 89157>?0A=>AB8.89 89

89

89-:A?5@B=0O 89A8AB5<0 89C?@02;5=8O 898=D>@<0F8>==>9 89157>?0A=>ABLN 89«8920=0@4»89 89(898=AB8BCB 89A8AB5<=>3> 890=0;870 89 )89

89!CI5AB2CNB 89425 8925@A88 89A8AB5<K:89 89«8920=0@4-89=0;87»89 89µ 894;O 890=0;870 89@8A:>2,89 89«8920=0@4-89>=B@>;L»89 89µ 894;O 89C?@02;5=85 90@8A:0<8.90 90

90‑A=>2=K5 90>A>15==>AB8 90?@>3@0<<=>3> 90:><?;5:A0 90«9020=0@4»90:90