Учебное пособие 1876

Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches” Issue 1 (24), 2019 ISSN 2587-8093

[12] Faustov A.A. Pon’atije markemy i predvaritel’nyje itogi markemnogo analiza russkoj literatury / A.A. Faustov, A.A. Kretov // Vestnik Voronezhskogo gos. un-ta, Ser. Lingvistika i mezhkulturnaja kommunikacija. 2017. № 4, pp. 16-31.

Analysed sources

[1*] Project Gutenberg, URL: http://www.gutenberg.org/ (vremya obrashcheniya – 27.04.2018).

UDC 811.111-26

USAGE OF TROPHONYMS IN THE WORK OF F. SIMON (BASED ON THE CYCLE OF STORIES "HORRID HENRY»)

S.Yu. Kapkova

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Voronezh State Pedagogical University,

Candidate of Philology, Associate Professor of the Chair of English Language Svetlana Yu. Kapkova

e-mail: kapk@list.ru

____________________________________________________________________________________________

Statement of the problem. This article concludes the cycle of research of gastronomic discourse in the works with elements of comic and eccentric of four modern English authors writing for children. Gastronomic and gluttonous discourse has a vast potential for research in different areas of linguistics including semantic and semiotic characteristics, the nomination and the ways of representation of the gastronomic realities: linguistic, cultural and translation aspects. Gastronomic discourse is practically not represented in the studies of children's authors, whose works are a rich source for further research in this direction and not only. The use of the names of national and international dishes in the literary texts for children can be associated with a variety of areas of life, so the article describes the names of the dishes (trophonyms) used in the works by F. Simon and defines their functions. Being the target audience children and adolescents can learn about the benefits or dangers of certain food and dishes, the rules of behaviour in restaurants and cafes, food culture, and how food is used for educational purposes.

Results. The article provides a detailed analysis of the ingredients of the dishes listed in the stories and their etymology, with the aim to understand the priorities in the gustatory habits of children and characters to define the functionality of trophonyms. The use of trophonyms in the cycle of children's stories is a characteristic of the author's individual style. This is evidenced by the fact that the author in her stories about the young prankster and his adventures often mentions various dishes that children-characters prefer or ignore. Moreover, the use of trophonyms in her works F. Simon reveals the essence of the modern national cuisine, contributes to the formation of an individual picture of the world and helps to expand the linguistic and cultural outlook of the reader.

Conclusion. Thus, the trophonyms used by F Simon in her work have four functions: they carry out the linguistic and cultural information reflecting the gastronomic culture and life of the British; they are the characteristic of the individual author's style; they carry out the educational and comic functions.

Key words: trophonym gastronomic discourse, gluttonous discourse of modern English children's literature, individual author's style, comic.

For citation: Kapkova S.Yu. Usage of trophonyms in the work of F. Simon (based on the cycle of stories "Horrid

Henry») / S.Yu. Kapkova // Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-didactic Researches”. –

2019. - №1 (24). – P. 104-113

Introduction

In connection with the transition from the system-structural paradigm to anthropocentric

____________________

© Kapkova S.Yu., 2019

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scientific interests of linguistics began to study the relationship of a language and its culture, the interaction of linguistic personality and communicative environment. All kinds of discourse are actively studied, including gastronomic and gluttonous, as food is presented in each language picture of the world and in individual and national consciousness, so these aspects are relevant in the framework of the anthropocentric paradigm. Over the past 15 years, there have been many linguistic works devoted to the study of the concept of "Food" [1] and "food" [2]. Gastronomic discourse is actively studied in different aspects: the study of its linguistic and cultural [3] and linguistic and semiotic [4] characteristics. A detailed description and analysis of the "gastronomic discourse as a whole and its semantic and semiotic characteristics in the system of mass communication are given" [5].

M. V. Undritsova and D. Y. Gulinov study gastronomic discourse from the perspective of linguistic-cultural and translation aspects [6; 7] also extensively the nomination and the ways of representation of the gastronomic realities are described [8; 9; 10]. I. In the research by I.I. Faizullina a detailed analysis of the linguistic representation of the "archetypal category of taste as the basis of gastronomic discourse" is given and the problems of "classification of the verbalized category of taste" are defined. Moreover, the author notes that the perception of taste "can be represented by various lexicosemantic means and has the specificity of implicit and explicit expression in different linguistic cultures" [8].

The purpose of this study is to identify and describe trophonyms as an integral part of the gastronomic discourse but also in defining functions of trophonyms in a fiction text for children.

Research methodology

The object of the research is gastronomic discourse. The research subject was chosen the trophonyms from the cycle of literary texts for children by F. Simon. They are the stories resembling "The Bad Advice Stories" by G. Oster in style and describing little naughty boy who feels that teachers are too close to him, classmates are against him, and parents love his younger brother more than him. Her stories are written in a humorous way so a multidimensional analysis of the work of this writer is in the field of our scientific interests in the study of modern children's English literature with elements of comic and eccentric.

The material of the study is a corpus of 18 examples in English selected with the help of a continuous sample of children's stories written by the English children's author F. Simon.

The method of continuous sampling for the selection of the corpus of illustrative examples, the method of observation and interpretation, descriptive analysis, the elements of lexical and semantic analysis and the method of quantitative calculation were used as research methods.

Research results

Britain has been known for a long time for its simple cuisine because the British pay attention to the quality and usefulness of the ingredients usually produced locally rather than the complexity of recipes or exquisite taste. British cuisine has gained its international recognition only as a full breakfast consisting of scrambled eggs, sausages and/or bacon, oatmeal, omelet, cereals, bread, tomatoes, beans or beans in tomato sauce, pate, mushrooms and soft-boiled eggs, and a traditional Christmas lunch which includes a stuffed Turkey (in Britain) or roast goose (in Ireland and Wales) stuffed with nuts, bacon sausages, Brussels sprouts cabbage and chestnuts, fried potatoes, cranberry sauce and hot bread sauce. In traditional British cuisine even sauces and seasonings are relatively simple. They are used to emphasize the natural taste of food, and not to change it [11].

The texts are about a charming little boy Henry by name who learns something new every day and learns from his mistakes. The books about him have been popular for more than 10 years all over the world. The main character harasses his parents, his younger brother, his classmates and teachers with his actions and behavior. Henry constantly gets into ridiculous situations that seem very funny to young readers, on the one hand. On the other hand, the chil-

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dren comparing himself with Henry clearly and correctly understand that they would not like to be in his place.

In her stories, the writer often mentions the usual home-cooked food that is eaten by the children-characters. As a rule, it is prepared by their parents, it is useful, but the children do not like it. From the stories, you can learn that in an English family for lunch often prepare boiled cauliflower, asparagus, carrots and green peas. Perfect Peter - the younger brother and the complete opposite of the Terrible Henry - always eats vegetables and thanks his parents that they prepare healthy food, outraging elder brother to the core, as the most attractive and delicious food for both of them is fast food and sweets, which are opposed by their parents. Consider taking trophonyms in the work by F. Simon.

The story "Horrid Henry Dines at Restaurant le Posh" [1*] deals with how the main character's family members visited a French restaurant.

‘Great news, everyone,’ said Mum, beaming. ‘Aunt Ruby is taking us all out for dinner to Le Posh, the best French restaurant in town’ [1*, р 67]

‘Oh boy, Restaurant Le Posh,’ said Perfect Peter. ‘We’ve never been there.’ Horrid Henry stopped scribbling all over Peter’s stamp album. His heart sank. French? Restaurant?

Oh no. That meant strange, horrible, yucky food. That meant no burgers, no ketchup, no pizza. That meant –

‘NOOOOOOOOOOOO! I don’t want to go there!’ howled Henry. ‘It’s Mum’s birthday,’ said Dad, ‘so we’re celebrating.’

‘Well I don’t,’ shrieked Horrid Henry. ‘Do they have pasta?’ ‘Whatever they have will be delicious,’ said Mum firmly.

‘Do they have burgers? If they don’t I’m not going,’ wailed Horrid Henry. Mum looked at Dad. Dad looked at Mum’ [1*, 67-68].

Horrid Henry is outraged that the parents have not ordered his favourite pizza or hamburgers. These dishes are well known and popular all over the world, they are loved by either adults or children. Let’s consider some examples of favorite dishes of the protagonist.

Pizza - [it. pizza] - Italian (Neapolitan) dish in the form of cheesecake with baked pieces of meat, sausage, cheese, mushrooms, tomatoes and other vegetables (served hot) [1**]. In the dictionary by Ozhegov the definition means somewhat different: “a thin cake of dough with sauce pieces of meat, cheese, vegetables, mushrooms baked on it” [2**]. Pizza is the most common and favourite fast food in the world. The prototype of the pizza were some dishes served on slices of bread in the houses of the ancient Greeks and Romans. In connection with the import of tomatoes to Europe in 1522 in Naples first Italian pizza appeared. In the XVII century, there was a special kind of bakers, pizzaiolo (Italian. "pizzaiolo") preparing pizza for Italian peasants. Pizza spread mainly in the USA and Europe where there was a developed network of pizzerias. In Henry's family it is not ordered so often because the boys’ parents try to cook themselves but there comes a holiday for the boys when there is a pizza at home. Horrid Henry is ready to maintain the room in order and do his homework without any reminding but have pizza more often.

Hamburgers – [English. hamburger, abbr. from hamburger steak - hamburger steak (named after it. cities of Hamburg] - finely chopped beef, ground beef; cutlet of this minced meat, usually served in a round cut loaf [3**].

The trophonym "hamburger" comes from the name of the second largest city in Germany

— Hamburg. According to one version, it was from there, German immigrants brought the recipe to America. At the time, the hamburger was a piece of roast pork on a piece of bread.

According to another version, the hamburger was named after the city of Hamburg in New York State. In 1885, the brothers Charles and Frank Menchis at the fair held in Hamburg offered to eat fried beef cutlets embedded between two buns.

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In 1885 at the fair in Seymour Charlie Nagrin sold meatballs embedded between two slices of bread. In his opinion, the dish was suited for the event best of all as it could be eaten on the go. He called his culinary creation "Charlie's Hamburger". The term "hamburger" first appeared in New York restaurants in 1834. The first mention of "Hamburg steak" which is native to Germany, is found in the magazine "Evening Boston" in 1884 [12].

Another inventor of the hamburger considered himself a chef Fletcher Davis from Athens in Texas, who put a fried cutlet with mustard and onions between two slices of bread in 1880. In 1904, at a fair in St. Louis, Fletcher and his wife had a small shop where they sold their burgers. [12]

Hamburgers became widely known in 1904 at the fair in St. Louis, but the burger turned into a gastronomic symbol only almost 30 years later when Walter Anderson from Wichita, Kansas, founded a network of snack bars White Castle Hamburger, the main dish of which was a hamburger [12]. In the cycle of stories about the adventures of Horrid Henry, children often eat hamburgers when they come to visit one another or their parents order hamburgers for them when the whole family visits the cafe. Very often the main character refuses to eat healthy homemade food prepared by his parents, demanding hamburgers.

Ketchup is seasoned with spices sauce, the main components of which are usually tomatoes, and sometimes mushrooms and nuts [4**]. This sauce is used with a variety of dishes and loved by adults and children all over the world. A lot of people like to eat chips dipping them into ketchup. The main character uses it not only for food but also for playing pirates depicting blood with it.

Chips (Amer. English. chips, from a chip — a thin piece) — a snack which is a thin slices of potatoes (in British English chips — French fries), at least — other root crops or various fruit, usually fried in oil (deep-fried). As a snack is often served with beer [13]. For childrencharacters – a favourite food during games, watching TV and even doing homework in the stories by F. Simon.

Pancakes – fried on both sides thin flat pancakes, according to the classic recipe found on the ВВС website, they are cooked from ordinary flour, melted butter, whole milk and eggs [14]. At the same time, there is another classic recipe for pancakes, but it needs some baking powder, vanilla extract, sugar and salt [15]. The protagonist often asks his father to make pancakes for breakfast.

Chocolate ice cream, cakes, biscuits, sweets [1*] are the favorite treats of Horrid Henry and all the children-characters in the cycle of stories by F. Simon. They eat them during the games, chew at school during the breaks, make stocks in hiding places and treat one another when they meet. Henry’s parents often use sweets as encouragement or deprive Henry of them if he does something:

‘Hoover your room immediately, Henry! Or I’ll cut you off with your favourite chocolate ice cream’ said Mum firmly [1*, р.11].

‘Here are the biscuits’, said Nick.

Henry looked. Were those dog hairs all over the jar?

‘Uh, no thanks, said Henry. ‘How about some sweets? [1*, р. 14].

- I want to have cakes for breakfast! Or pancakes!! I hate porridge!!!’ yelled Horrid

Henry [1*, р. 21].

Another delicacy that the main character loves is a creamy fudge, or fudge.

Fudge – creamy fudge [5**] according to the classic recipe is made from butter, sugar, condensed and regular milk [16]. Children-characters in the stories often mention these candies. Some children hide them from their sisters and brothers under the pillow and eat them at night; someone changes them for chips or cookies. Henry often promises creamy fudge to his brother in exchange for various small services, but as a rule, deceives him and eats sweets himself.

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Their parents using Henry’s obsession to creamy fudge make him do the cleanup in his room promising to give him his favourite sweet after the cleaning:

‘Clean your room, Henry, and you’ll get your beloved fudge’ suddenly said Dad [1*, р. 38]

‘Peter, clean my room and you’ll get all my fudge’ promised Horrid Henry [1*, р. 38]. ‘Peter, give me your clean socks and I’ll share my fudge with you!’ pretended Horrid

Henry [1*, р. 53].

One day, Henry and Peter's parents decided to celebrate a family holiday and dine in a French restaurant, inviting relatives and taking their children with them. In the restaurant, the main character feels embarrassed to see his close friends, classmates and teacher, but even more embarrassing is his menu with unfamiliar names of dishes in French and especially seafood dishes. He resents when he is offered a menu because he does not know French. In order not to attract the attention of other visitors, his father offers some money to his son for his decent behaviour in the restaurant:

‘Henry,’ said Dad. ‘I’ll make a deal with you.’

‘What deal?’ said Henry. It was always wise to be suspicious when parents offered deals. ‘I want you to be pleasant and talk to everyone. And you will eat everything on your plate like everyone else without making a fuss. If you do, I’ll give you £2!’

Two whole pounds! Horrid Henry gasped. [1*, p. 70]

Henry’s mother tries to translate the names of the dishes and explain what they are made from but the boy does not understand what kind of food is supposed according to these names. In despair, he asks to order a hamburger:

‘I CAN’T UNDERSTAND THIS MENU!’ screamed Henry. ‘Calm down this minute Henry,’ hissed Dad. ‘Or no .£2.’

Mum translated: ‘A tasty . . . uh . . . something on a bed of roast something with a something sauce.

‘I want a burger,’ said Henry.

‘No burgers here,’ said Mum firmly. ‘This is Restaurant Le Posh.’ ‘I said I want a burger!’ shouted Henry. Several diners looked up. ‘Don’t be horrid Henry [1*, p.78]

We turned to the French classic recipe to analyze why children-characters did not like the delicious French cuisine. Children because of the smell or spices that are used to eliminate that smell often dislike seafood and seafood dishes. Let us consider examples of such dishes from the analyzed story.

Henry’s cousin Steve offers to order French snails causing surprise and distrust of the main character.

Escargots – snails that are often cooked for a dinner party or an official dinner or ordered by the guests of the restaurant as a gourmet snack on a date. Its ingredients are Burgundy snails, white wine, finely chopped shallots and garlic, finely chopped fresh parsley and butter [17]. Steve often chuckles and even mocks Henry so Henry thought his older cousin cheated him:

The hairs on the back of Henry’s neck stood up. Steve! Stuck-Up Steve! Horrid Henry’s arch-enemy and world’s worst cousin. Last time they’d met Henry had tricked Steve into

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thinking there was a monster under his bed. Steve had sworn revenge. There was nothing

Steve wouldn’t do to get back at Henry. Boy, did Horrid Henry hate Stuck-Up Steve. Boy, did Stuck-Up Steve hate Horrid Henry [1*, p. 75].

You could order escargots' said Steve. ‘I dare you.’ ‘What’s escargots?’ said Henry.

Stuck-Up Steve stuck his nose in the air. ‘Oh, sorry, I forgot you don’t learn French at your school. I’ve been learning it for years.’

‘Whoopee for you,’ said Horrid Henry.

‘Escargots are snails, stupid,’ said Stuck-Up Steve [1*, p. 78].

Squid – according to the classic French recipe, squid is prepared with garlic, chopped fresh parsley and olive oil [18]. Aunt Ruby noticing her nephew’s confusion in the choice of dishes decides to help him and offers to order mussels:

‘I recommend the mussels,’ said Aunt Ruby. ‘Mussels! Ick!’ shrieked Henry.

‘Or the blah blah blah blah blah.’Aunt Ruby pronounced a few mysterious French words

[2*, p.77].

Mussels is cooked from peeled mussels, shallots, garlic, dry white wine, thick cream, unsalted butter, fresh parsley and olive oil [19]. Her suggestion causes the child to have an attack of disgust.

Steve offers his help again and advises to order a tripe. Henry hopes that this strange name probably means his favorite spaghetti:

‘Why don’t you order tripe?’ said Steve.

‘What’s that?’ asked Henry suspiciously. Did Steve really think he’d fool him with that old trick? Tripe was probably a fancy French word for spaghetti [1*, p.79].

Tripe – is a stewed rumen with vegetables, seasoned with abundant spices. It consists of peeled and chopped giblets, onions, garlic, curry powder and turmeric, canned tomatoes, carrots, beef broth, green pepper, vegetable oil and sprinkled with fresh chopped parsley dish [20]. Having come to know and got disappointed what the unusual name means he decides to order a dish that has a beautiful name еscargots, arguing that the restaurant just cannot serve snails and Steve purposely said it to him, so Henry did not order this dish:

Steve must think he was a real idiot, thought Horrid Henry indignantly. Snails. Ha ha ha. In a restaurant? [1*, p.81].

Vegetable dishes are also often unattractive for children’s taste, as most often in Britain they are just boiled, stewed or steamed without salt to preserve the beneficial properties of vegetables. Children-characters know the taste of these dishes, although they do not love them, but not daring to order seafood, they choose dishes on the principle that between the two evils the least one should be chosen. These dishes include cabbage and tomato dishes:

Brussels sprouts – is made from Brussels sprouts with lemon juice, salt, garlic, butter and paprika [21].

Cauliflower – according to the recipe the dish requires cauliflower, butter, flour, milk, grated Gruyere cheese, breadcrumbs, ground black pepper, salt, fresh thyme, grated nutmeg [22].

As a rule, children do not like cabbage dishes and practically do not eat them even if the cabbage is "masked" in breading or has an attractive appearance or an unusual serving. Howev-

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er, young gourmets recognize immediately the smell and taste that they do not like. According to the ingredients of the two cabbage dishes, it is easy to understand that after tasting them the child will refuse to eat it because of the presence of garlic, pepper and other spices.

Another dish also does not cause children's interest becouse not everyone will like baked tomatoes.

Stuffed tomatoes – are baked stuffed tomatoes prepared in any country but for each country the ingredients of the filling will be different, often in their composition there are regional products to give a special taste or piquancy. Thus, the filling for the French version of this dish includes ground beef, Gruyere cheese, breadcrumbs, onions, finely chopped parsley, chopped thyme leaves, pepper, olive oil and sea salt [23]. Pepper filling with onions and herbs also does not inspire children-characters to eat this dish.

In order not to go hungry from the French restaurant children-characters decide to order desserts. Unfortunately, the taste of which has also disappointed them.

Spinach tart – this cake consists of eggs, fresh spinach, onions, skim cheese, grated Parmesan Reggiano, ground black pepper and grated nutmeg [24]. None of the children orders such a pie because it is made of spinach and onions:

‘Try this delicious spinach tart, boys’ said Mum. ‘I hate spinach!!!!!’ screamed Horrid Henry.

‘Sorry, Mum, I don’t like spinach’ whispered Perfect Peter [1*, p. 82].

Horrid Henry’s younger brother Perfect Peter orders beet mousse thinking that it will be sweet and tasty.

Beetroot mousse is red beet mousse made from softened cream cheese, chopped green onions, boiled peeled and diced beetroot, orange with zest and cream [25]. However, the taste of this mousse makes even such a well-bred child as Perfect Peter spit. It is difficult for a six- year-old child to appreciate the sophistication of taste in a combination of orange, green onions and beets:

Everyone peered at their elegant plates.

‘All,’ said Peter, looking at his beetroot mousse.

‘I don’t like beetroot,’ moaned Perfect Peter spitting it [1*, p. 82].

Then Henry watches one of his classmates who has ordered spaghetti and is disappointed with the taste of the dish: he winces and tries to spit it out unnoticed:

At that moment Horrid Henry saw Bossy Bill wincing and spitting spaghetti under the table [1*, p. 83].

Spaghetti – (Italian. spaghetti) - a kind of pasta, spaghetti is a common dish and there are about a hundred of its recipes. The French recipe requires spaghetti, olive oil, unsalted butter, onion, garlic, dried rosemary, oregano, thyme and parsley, tomato sauce, red wine, bay leaf, spaghetti and some chicken to prepare it [26]. Most children like pasta but spaghetti prepared with a lot of Provencal herbs-spices, onions, garlic and wine taste do not cause gastronomic delight in young visitors to the restaurant. Only adults can appreciate this taste.

Thus, based on the descriptive analysis of the ingredients it can be concluded that the restaurant dishes of French cuisine are not attractive to children characters because of the taste specifics. The results are shown in table № 1.

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Table № 1

Quantitative constituent of ingredients unloved by children-characters in the analyzed dishes

After having analyzed the ingredients listed in the above table, we can say that eight of the ten restaurant dishes contain greens, seven – onions, six – garlic and spices, four – pepper, three – alcohol. The two dishes are cooked from seafood that children try not to eat because they do not like its specific smell. The taste and smell of all the above-mentioned ingredients caused the refusal of the children-characters to eat these dishes in the restaurant.

Conclusion

With regard to the use of trophonyms analyzed in the work of F. Simon, we came to the following conclusions:

1)Trophonyms are used to reveal the gastronomy culture and the way of life of the British, therefore, they convey linguistic and linguacultural information, thus expanding the horizons of the reader and the formation of individual picture of the world.

2)The author of the series of stories about the children differentiates between the dishes that the children-characters have the preference and shows that certain dishes may be a subject to manipulation in the process of communication between children and their parents, thus the educational function is fulfilled.

3)A frequent use of trophonyms in F. Simon’s work is one of the components of her individual author's style that is a common feature of the individual author's style of modern children's writers.

4)Children's reactions to the names of delicious French dishes and their taste, funny behaviour of children and parents during the selection of the dishes and meal cause a smile and laughter of the reader thus realizing the comic function.

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[4]Zemskova, A.Yu. Lingvosemioticheskie harakteristiki angloyazychnogo gastronomicheskogo diskursa : dis. … kand. filol. nauk / Zemskova Anastasiya YUr'evna. –

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[11]Kuhnya Velikobritanii: enjoy your meal [EHlektronnyj resurs]. URL: http://www.restbee.ru/guides/bliuda-i-napitki/kukhnia-vielikobritanii-enjoy-your-meal.html (data obrashcheniya: 20.11.2018).

[12]Steak Lovers Burger: istoriya blyuda, pokorivshego ves' mir [EHlektronnyj resurs]. URL: http://www.steaklovers.menu/travel/3028 (data obrashcheniya: 21.11.2018).

[13]Wikipedia [EHlektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%81%D1%8B (data obrashcheniya: 22.11.2018).

[14]The classic pancake [EHlektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/recipes/1135634/the-classic-pancake (data obrashcheniya: 22.11.2018).

[15]Classic Pancakes [EHlektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://abc.go.com/shows/the- chew/recipes/classic-pancakes-clinton-kelly (data obrashcheniya: 22.11.2018).

[16]Classic fudge http://www.eatout.co.za/recipe/classic-fudge/ (data obrashcheniya: 22.11.2018).

[17]Escargots [EHlektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://www.cookstr.com/Appetizers/Escargots-Anthony-Bourdain (data obrashcheniya: 22.11.2018).

[18]Seared Baby Squid with Parsley and Garlic [EHlektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://www.thespruceeats.com/baby-squid-recipe-1664905 (data obrashcheniya: 23.11.2018).

[19]Classic French Mussles Recipe [EHlektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/classic-french-mussels-recipe-1946570 (data obrashcheniya: 24.11.2018).

[20]Tripe Stew [EHlektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://www.bona.co.za/tripe-stew/ (data obrashcheniya: 24.09.2017).

[21]Browned Garlic Brussels Sprouts Recipe [EHlektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://www.thespruceeats.com/browned-garlic-brussels-sprouts-recipe-1375705 (data obrashcheniya: 24.11.2018).

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[22]Cauliflower Gratin Recipe [EHlektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://www.thespruceeats.com/cauliflower-gratin-recipe-1375734 (data obrashcheniya: 24.11.2018).

[23]Tomatoes stuffed with ground beef, à la Francaise [EHlektronnyj resurs]. URL: http://www.foodrepublic.com/recipes/tomates-farcies-recipe (data obrashcheniya: 20.11.2018).

[24]Sensational Spinach Tart [EHlektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://www.annabel- langbein.com/recipes/sensational-spinach-tart/391/ (data obrashcheniya: 26.11.2018).

[25]Savoury beetroot mousse [EHlektronnyj resurs]. URL: http://allrecipes.co.uk/recipe/44804/savoury-beetroot-mousse.aspx (data obrashcheniya: 26.11.2018).

[26]French spaghetti [EHlektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://www.wineandglue.com/frenchspaghetti/ (data obrashcheniya: 26.11.2018).

Analysed sources

[1*] F. Simon Horrid Henry and the Mega-Mean Time Machine F. Simon / Orion House Publishing Group Ltd, London. – 90 p.

22.11.2018).

[5**] English-Russian-English dictionary of general lexis, the collection of the best dictionaries [EHlektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://slovar-vocab.com/english-russian-english/best- collection-vocab/fudge-4858119.html (data obrashcheniya: 22.11.2018).

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