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assistive devices used by athletes with impairments, the usage of semantically neutral verbs is preferable, e.g.: uses a wheelchair vs. wheelchair-bound.

Another prescription of the IPC Style Guide refers to avoiding the usage of such adjectives as «extraordinary», «superhuman», «unbelievable» or «incredible» to characterize the Paralympic athletes. Such lexical units used in the attribute function are believed to exaggerate the achievements of the Paralympians, demonstrating the initially low expectations of them which can be considered abusive.

Therefore, according to the IPC recommendations, there are lexical units that should be excluded from the texts describing Paralympic athletes and the lexical units approved by the IPC (table 1).

The table demonstrates the codified means of distribution of nomenclature and politically correct lexical units for describing the Paralympic athletes. Obviously, the objective of publishing such recommendations is not to maintain the positive image of para-athletes where the focus is shifted from their physical or other impairments to their personalities, who are active in their social life as well as in sports. It is also the need to standardize various lexical units used to nominate such athletes that exist in modern English language. Prescribed lexical units allow

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shifting from the image of a disabled person suffering from various illnesses and accentuating the socially significant component of such individuals: sportspeople, successful contemporaries, and social activists.

56% nominations offered by the IPC have the following structure: nominal group, consisting of a defined component (definiendum), expressed by a noun (nomen agentis), denoting the agent, the subject of an action, and a defining component (difiniens), in prepositional phrases used as a definition in the post-position with an instrumental meaning (instrumentalis), e.g.: an athlete with an impairment, an athlete with blindness, a person with quadriplegia. The pragmatic function of such collocations is directed at the syntactic separation of the part of definition, which characterizes the disability of an athlete from the defined component – nomination of an athlete, who is considered a flawless person [11, p. 181].

3. The section of the Style Guide devoted to the spelling peculiarities of the Paralympic sports includes the following recommendations: if the authors of texts mean the kind of sport as a trademark, they should use the acronym IPC in the initial position and then write down the capitalized nomination of sport, e.g.: World Para Alpine Skiing, World Shooting Para Sport,

World Para Athletics etc. Sports nominations used as a trademark should not be reduced in journalistic texts and external documents (press-releases). The only exception is the spreadsheets demonstrating the results of sports competitions, where abbreviations for each kind of sport can be used due to the lack of space (table 2).

Table 2

Three types of spelling the nominations of Paralympic disciplines

In case an author needs to name a definite kind of the Paralympic sport, he or she should write its nomination in lower-case letters. If possible it is recommended not to mention the Paralympic nature of the sports discipline, e.g.: Jones has been competing on the alpine skiing circuit for eight years. If it is necessary to point out the differences between regular sports disciplines and the Paralympic ones the prefix Para- can be used in the initial position. This prefix should always be capitalized and separated from the attributed component which is written in lower-case letters, e.g.: John Smith was a world champion on the able-bodied ski circuit, before he began Para table tennis.

Syntactic algorithms are achieved through the usage of hybrid lexical units which look like the multi-component composites uniting the groups of words [12, p. 131]: when commenting on various Paralympic events it is prescribed to use the following algorithm to nominate the Paralympic sports disciplines: athlete’s sex / type of competition / class of competitors (according to the IPC classification distributing the para-athletes with similar physical abilities into the groups), e.g.: women’s 100m T54, men’s discus F38, men’s super-G standing. Usage of such hybrid lexical units is appropriate due to the visual support of such comments. Due to the visual

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background the television viewer can get as complete presentation of the Paralympic sports as possible.

The corpus of Paralympic vocabulary is constantly expanding due to the neologization processes, which are caused by the expansion of the Paralympic competitions, growth in their popularity and therefore the necessity to nominate the new concepts. Moreover, the Paralympic vocabulary is mostly used in the two functional and stylistic groups of texts: 1) in the journalistic texts, describing the Paralympic events and 2) in the texts of the official style, mostly the internal documents, regulating the Paralympic events. Distribution of the Paralympic lexical units in the texts of these styles determines the codification differences.

Conclusion.

The IPC as a subject of a language policy has a highly prescriptive codification activity. It refers not only to extra-linguistic phenomena of the Paralympians’ life, but also intralinguistic peculiarities of speech (text) products, devoted to the Paralympic events. In that regard we can point out the prescriptions, which refer to the structure of the text, its composition and stylistic characteristics as well as the means of nominating the Paralympic athletes, the IPC activity and spelling peculiarities of Paralympic nominations.

Due to the weak standardization of the components in the Paralympic cluster of modern English lexical system, proliferation of codification prescriptions has got a slow effect: as codification is traditionally viewed as the way to standardize the neological segment of lexical system, the nomenclature specifics of the Paralympic vocabulary codification is the main obstacle for its entering the system of the modern English language. On the other hand, the Paralympic vocabulary in its official version hardly exists outside the nomenclature area nowadays. Single attempts to nominate the Paralympians or Paralympic events in conversational speech are not taken into account by the IPC in its codification prescriptions. As a result, the distributed standard has got an institutional characteristic and has prerequisites to become the alternative register of spontaneous acts of speech.

Probably, because of the continuous change in the social attitude to the Paralympics, the Paralympic vocabulary cluster in modern English language can have a provisional character: as there is a trend to shift the social attitude to the Paralympians as the ones having equal opportunities with the able-bodied athletes, it will not be necessary to create specific nominations to specify the disabilities of the sportspeople in the future. Therefore, this part of synchronous lexical system of modern English language can be viewed as an intermediate link on the way to the formation of the wider onomasiological field “Olympics”, which presumably will contain various lexical units to nominate different categories of athletes.

References

[1]Kabakchi V.V. Yazyk moj, kamo gryadeshi? Globalizaciya, «globanglizaciya» i mezhkul'turnaya kommunikaciya / V.V. Kabakchi // Yazyk v paradigmah gumanitarnogo znaniya: XXI vek. – SPb: SPbGUEHF, 2009. – s.78-97.

[2]Ethnologue, 2018. [Electronic resource] URL: https://www.ethnologue. com/language/eng (accessed – 27.02.2018).

[3]Shvejcer A.D. Rol' innovacionnyh i reliktovyh ehlementov v formirovanii norm kodificirovannogo literaturnogo yazyka // Yazykovaya norma: tipologiya kodifikacionnyh processov. – M.: Institut yazykoznaniya RAN, 1996. – S. 68–79.

[4]Porhomovskij V.YA. Vvedenie // YAzykovaya norma: tipologiya kodifikacionnyh processov. – M.: Institut yazykoznaniya RAN, 1996. – S. 11–23.

[5]Semenyuk N.N. Formirovanie literaturnyh norm i tipy kodifikacionnyh processov / N.N. Semenyuk // YAzykovaya norma: tipologiya kodifikacionnyh processov. – M.: Institut yazykoznaniya RAN, 1996. – s. 23–48.

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[6]Zagorovskaya O.V. YAzykovaya norma i norma literaturnogo yazyka kak lingvisticheskie ponyatiya / O.V. Zagorovskaya // Izvestiya VGPU, №2 (271), 2016. – S. 161–165.

[7]Gorbachevich K.S. Variantnost' slova i yazykovaya norma: Na materiale sovremennogo russkogo yazyka. – Izd. 2-e. – M.: Knizhnyj dom «LIBROKOM», 2009. – 240 s.

[8]Crystal D. A Global Language / English in the World. History, Diversity, Change. London: Routledge, 2013. – 416 p.

[9]Global Language Monitor, URL: https://www.languagemonitor.com/global- english/number-of-words-in-the-english-language-1041257-5/ (время обращения – 25.01.2018).

[10]Ivanova T.K., Arzhanceva N.V. Terminosistema sopostavitel'nogo slovoslozheniya russkogo, nemeckogo i anglijskogo yazykov // Vestnik CHelyabinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. – Filologiya. Iskusstvovedenie. – Vyp. 62. – S. 30 – 37.

[11]Konverskij A.E. Logika. – M.: Izdatel'stvo Moskovskogo universiteta, 2014. – 336 s.

[12]Kobenko Yu.V. YAzykovaya situaciya v FRG: amerikanizaciya i ehkzoglossnye tendencii: monografiya / Yu.V. Kobenko; Tomskij politekhnicheskij universitet. – Tomsk: Izdvo Tomskogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta, 2014. – 360 s.

Analysed sources

[1*] International Paralympic Committee Style Guide. – Bonn, 2017. – 57 p.

[2*] Obshchij terminologicheskij glossarij XXII Olimpijskih igr i XI Paralimpijskih zimnih igr 2014 goda v Sochi / Anglo-russkij. – М.: Biblioteka «Sochi 2014», 2012. – 1050 s.

Dictionaries used

[1**] Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries, URL: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/ (accessed – 20.03.2018).

[2**] Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, URL: http://www.ldoceonline.com/ (accessed – 20.03.2018).

[3**] Dictionary by Merriam-Webster, URL: https://www.merriam-webster.com/ (accessed – 20.03.2018).

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UDC 811.111:81’373.43

DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF MASSMEDIA NEOLOGISMS IN AMERICAN VARIANT OF CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH LANGUAGE

A. Yu. Snisar

National Research

Tomsk Polytechnic University Postgraduate Student

of Foreign Languages Department Anastasia Yurievna Snisar

e-mail: borel@mail.ru

Statement of the problem. The article defines the notion of “media neologism”, its constituent features that distinguish this type of neologic unit from those already known are derived; the ways of forming media neologisms in the American version of modern English are studied, and the extraand intralinguistic reasons for their occurrence. Results. The media nature of neologization is expressed in two aspects: firstly, in the influence of electronic communication on word-formation processes, and, secondly, in the transfer of a significant proportion of communicative practices to the information space of the Internet network. Disincentive features of media neologisms include: the possibility of deviation from the grammatical and spelling norms of the literary language; absolute novelty of media growth for users of media channels of communication; the tendency to simplify the content component of the sign while preserving nominative and terminological parameters; euphemization; high degree of ideological and manipulative content; insignificant lexicographical mastery and, as a consequence, the variation of spelling; compensatory filling of the communicative spheres, which are addressed by the media “focus”. Structural features of media neologisms are: compounding with a component containing this novelty, and has long been functioning in the language system; active use of abbreviations; the popularity of contaminated formations. The word-forming mechanisms of media neologisms include: change in meaning; affixation; conversion; abbreviation homonymy; attribution; borrowing. Media neologisms can be any structural types of neo-lexics, irrespective of the functionalstylistic (sociolectal) confinement.

Conclusion. Dedicated features of media neologisms allow us to say that media neologization has caused the emergence of a special cluster of vocabulary in the system of the American version of modern English, which reacts subtly to changes in the extralinguistic plane and with a high degree of internationalization.

Key words: neologization, media neologism, neology and neography, mediatization of society, XXI century, media space, electronic communication, American variant of contemporary English language.

For citation: Snisar A. Yu. Distinctive features of massmedia neologisms in American variant of contemporary English language / A. Yu. Snisar // Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical- and-didactic Researches”. – 2018. - №2 (21). – P. 108-115.

Introduction.

The rapid development of all spheres of social life in the XXI century leaves its mark on the specifics of modern communication, which is characterized by high information coverage and digitalization of knowledge [1]. The daily expanding media space today plays the role of the second artificial environment, a kind of superstructure of the herder world [2], contributing to the irrevocable mediatization of society and the continuation of globalization, only in electronic form.

In terms of mediatization of all spheres of modern life, the American version of modern English (AVME), which is now an international language-lexicalizer and, consequently, a donor, is subject to constant neologization through diversified channels of media communication: according to the global language monitoring, a new word appears in it every 98 minutes [1**].

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© Snisar A. Yu., 2018

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Multiple acceleration of neological processes of the AVME lexical structure in a globalizing world often requires the linguists to allocate some more compact periods for monitoring the development of the vocabulary system of the language (verbosity synchrony) and thus narrowing the scope of the object of study. Thus, it is advisable to allocate as a segment of the studied synchrony period of the 21st century (2000-2018), characterized by a special type of neologization – media.

The media character of the neologization of the AVME system is mainly expressed in two aspects: a) the influence of electronic communication on the appearance of non-scientific units (as an expression of the freedom of verbal self-expression of communicants; as the need to adapt to the conditions of media communication with its limited set of explication of the emotive component of communicative interaction, for example, when commenting on certain news texts; as a reaction to the increase in time for the virtual written communication act in comparison with live speech, etc.) and b) the movement of a significant proportion of communication practices in the global information and computer network "Internet" and the resulting media personality of the communicant. "Media neologization" has persistent differences from earlier precedents of neologization of the English literary language: if before 1993 (i.e. the release of the first Mosaic web browser supporting the Microsoft Windows operating system with a graphical user interface (GUI), the media contributed most of the dissemination (replication) of language innovations, informing users about the language growth (with printed products being less loyal to neolexics [3, p. 13])), today in the context of media mediatization, the latter are increasingly full-fledged legislators of language modes [4, p. 11-13].

Since media space is one of the main sources of the emergence of new words today, there is a basis for the implementation of such a concept as "media neologism" (MN), which is understood as a linguistic neoplasm characterized by absolute novelty for the majority of native speakers, which arose and functions within the media space and characterized by specific features, updated on the graphic, stylistic, semantic levels, which are associated with the specificity of media speech.

Extensive proliferation of media communication, on the one hand, and the rapid growth it is used in the neologisms, on the other hand, are encouraged to talk about MH as a special phenomenon with persistent distinctive (differential) difference from known types of poleksic.

Research methodology.

The object of the study is neurological post in the amount of 1 709 lexical units (LU), enough in the American media in the 21st century.; subject-distinctive (lat. distinctio – contrast) characteristics of MN under which (characteristics) it is logically understood "a scope of distinctive features forming the meaning of a sign, i.e. the information about the matter, which is clearly allocated to the object and distinguishes it from other objects" [5, p. 47].

The actual body of the study material includes 1 709 LU, selected by the method of continuous sampling of 500 articles and posted on US Internet news portals for the period from 2000-2018. For the compilation of the corps the texts of the following American tabloids were used: USA Today, The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, Daily News, New York Post, Newsday, ABC News, Bloomberg, Boston Globe, CBS News, CNN, FOX News, Huffington Post, NBC News, Washington Times. The date of occurrence on the Internet within the established period of synchronization (for example: braniac – «by Obloid July 01, 2014») was determined using the following lexicographic online editions with a regularly updated lemmatical body: Cambridge Dictionaries Online Blog, Wordspy, Macmillan Buzzword Dictionary, Urban Dictionary, Oxford Living Dictionaries, Merriam-Webster, Collins English Dictionary, Dictionary.com, American Heritage Dictionary.

In solving the problems of the study was used a body of general and private scientific methods and techniques. General scientific methods include generalization and classification, deductive, introspective, comparative and statistical ones. Private scientific (linguistic) tools are represented by the methods of component, contextual, interpretative analysis, semantic model-

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ing and linguistic interpretation. The research methodology is formed by a system-functional approach, which is based on the consideration of the object as a system, an integral body of interrelated elements (MN), functioning within a specific organized structure – the lexical system of AVME.

Research results.

Innovations in the vocabulary of the AVME represent a linguistic response to new realities and facts, media reality, is characteristic of communication in the 21st century. At the same time, each segment of synchrony brings to the fore a certain register of LU, which have social significance and special expressiveness. Initially, the new words can be used by a narrow range of people, then, if they have sufficient expressiveness and due to their phonological appearance, they can be easily replicated in the electronic communication environment, are distributed in wider social and professional environments. When included in the lexical composition of the AVME, neologisms continue to accumulate new meanings until there is a semantic specialization, i.e. the word will not be fixed on a separate section of the language rhizome. Neologisms can acquire the status of a common word and after a certain period of time to penetrate into the vocabulary of the language, however, the reverse process is possible, when new words which do not take root in the language disappear.

Neologisms perform mainly nominative function, however in the texts generated in media channels of communication for which they are not objectively necessary, their use is caused rather by stylistic purposes of creation of a certain color and increase of expressiveness of the statement.

The specificity of MN is due to the very environment of their occurrence and distribution. Thus, the well-known linguist D. Crystal points to the fact that the language of mass media is non-standard, deviant and tolerant to grammatical and spelling errors [6]. This trend naturally extends to neologisms, which acquire the same features. Among the examples that illustrate this phenomenon, we can give hash tag. This is a special symbol that is used in social networks Instagram and Twitter for thematic marking of content. It is noteworthy that when you use it, the spelling of words also changes: several tokens are merged after the # sign into an undivided syntax chain, for example:

«Take this hash tag for example: #worstjobeverhad. This hash tag would compel many others to share the worst jobs they've ever had, thus contributing to a fun conversation. It can be used for specific searches or individual twitters that begin them for their followers» [2**].

The example proves the position that MN are characterized by non-standard graphic design and are often formed differently from the morphological norms of the literary language, which should be considered one of the distintive features of MN.

In media neological AVME involved intraand extra-linguistic factors, which form the distinctive nature of MN. To the intralinguistic are: 1) the principle of language economy; 2) the desire for expression; 3) the change in the semantic structure of the word; 4) the conversion and change of stylistic affiliation of the word; 5) borrowing of word-formative elements from other languages; 6) the desire for analogy means of language expression. Extralinguistic factors include: 1) development of politics, science, economics, technology, etc.; 2) the lack of words to designate new realities, objects and concepts, as well as emerging innovation and new phenomena in society; 3) the tendency of the language to retreat grammatical phonetic rules of the language, which results in a change of attitude to literacy and language in general; 4) the increasing number of AVME users, among which becoming more and more speaking it not as L1; 5) borrowing in AVME, primarily from related Germanic languages of the West Germanic group (German, Dutch, i.e.: angst, rollmops); 6) rapid development of new electronic forms of communication (chats, threads, blogs, groups, catalogs, branches, etc.).

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One of the sources of media neologization is the language of young people as the center of capacious, figurative and expressive means of describing the processes, objects and phenomena of the surrounding reality. The use of youth neologisms is not limited to the online space, but usually refers to it and often is born in it; for example, there was a verb to google, which means "search in the search engine Google". It should be noted that at present this verb is used not so much to refer to the search in Google, as to request the search for information in any search engine, throughout the Internet. And for everything that can be found in search engines, there is now an English-language neologism googlable. Users of the social network "Facebook" can be called a simple neologism facebookian. In addition there was a verb to defriend ("unfriend") with the meaning of "removing someone from the list of friends in social networks." For such a phenomenon as adding friends to social networks for the sake of a simple number, there is a common designation antisocial networking.

Sociolects that traditionally belong to the periphery of the vocabulary are affected by media neologization [2, p. 182-183]. The 21st century is characterized by a significant number of scientific-technical inventions, the names of which became part of AVME as MN. Let us consider some of them.

Relatively recently, the world has a satellite navigation system that provides distance, time and location measurement-GPS (Global Positioning System), the name of which is replicated mainly in the media communication channels and is found in different languages in the same or similar form. 2014 year is dated MN hoverboard, denoting an object that resembles a skateboard without wheels and is able to break away from the ground (just an inch), soar in the air.

Media neoplasms subtly and ironically record the usual deviations from the norm, i.e.: in pronunciation (for example, blaccent (n.) - a manner of speaking in which one sounds like an African-American from "da hood" [3**] – speak with an African-American emphasis on the manners of African immigrants); punctuation (for example, capostrophy-use of disastrous function [3**] - ignore the rules of punctuation), in the word usage (for example, fuzzword (fŭz'rd) (n.) - a word, usually a buzzword, which has no precise meaning even in context [3**] – "Protocol", incomprehensible word), etc. As the examples show, the majority of MN-occasional nature can be understood only in a certain media context.

However, occasional media neoplasms are means of maintaining the language system in communicative suitability: the language must continuously develop and be rebuilt without losing the originality of its system [7]. Media space creates an environment, however, when considering media products neological appears a natural question: what is considered a neologism?

Not every lexical unit created by the user of media communication channels is rooted in the language system. Initially, this lexical unit is an occasional one that can be understood only in a certain context, and it will not be perceived outside of it. Then, subject to the implementation of a number of factors, the lexeme receives the possibility of entering in the word stock of the language. This process is known as lexicalization. At this stage – this LU can already be called neologism; after that, the newly-declared neologism has two ways of development: either to integrate into the lexical system of the language, having acquired all the features of normative education, or to cease to exist. The defining feature of neologism is "novelty". E. V. Rosen notes that the word can be considered as a neologism until its additional connotation is traced, namely the connotation of novelty, which is lost with time [8, p. 5]. At the same time, many of these words quickly become obsolete, losing the sign of the novelty.

Here are some examples of communicative situations, where the novelty function, which caused the generation of MN, is realized.

1. Most neologisms perform the function of revealing an additional feature of the phenomenon, object or process, for example, the neologism wasband in the following context reflects the irony of the author about the situation as a whole:

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"The bride's aunt dances with her wasband on the hay-strewn "dance floor" in front of the barn ... " [1*].

2. In the next post, the author describes the wedding ceremony:

«Scotland’s weirdest wedding has been banned at the last minute. Pat Smith, 44, had been due to marry her toyboy lover George Greenhowe, 22, today. And George’s ex-wife,

Pat’s daughter Allison, was to be the bridesmaid. But Scots law says a man may not marry his former wife’s mother if his ex-wife is still alive. So do many women want to become mothers-out-law?..» [2*]. – A woman marries a young man who is more than twenty years younger than her. This young man is the ex-husband of her daughter, who at the wedding plays the role of bridesmaid (his mother). At the last minute, it is revealed that under Scottish law (action takes place in Scotland), a man cannot marry his ex-wife's mother if his ex-wife is alive.

In this case, the author uses the neologism mother-out-law in the antonymic meaning of the mother-in-law unit, showing the change of a person's status in relation to other people (in this case - to the former husband of her daughter).

2. In the article «Brides-to-be. Do You Know All About Them?» we are talking about some brides who, after acquiring a new status of "wife" (that is, after the wedding) turn into bridezillas (formed by analogy with «godzilla»):

«The tricky thing about bridezillas, the name wedding consultants bestow on brides who are particularly difficult and obnoxious, is that their transition from sweethearts to creatures from hell can not be foreseen, not even by the future husbands.» – «They are perfectly normal woman – until they get a ring», says Ms Spaemme. «They run around screaming: «It is my day! Bow down and kiss my feet!». They demand attention, gifts and money and treat family and friends like servants…» [3*]. - We are talking about the fact that it is quite difficult to imagine that after the wedding, a girl can become capricious, picky about everything and simply naughty. She requires a lot of attention, gifts, money; elevates herself over the rest of the family.

In this case, it is about the acquisition of new personal characteristics (change of character traits).

3. The following report addresses the relationship between parents and children:

«Regardless of your position, one principle should guide every parent – start talking to your children about sex, soon and often. So says every expert in the field, from educational psychologists to crisis pregnancy counselors. Don’t wait until they are teenagers for one big conversation – have endless little conversations that begin when they start asking questions. Children really need to know that there is nothing wrong with asking their parents questions about sexuality. That is why the American Social Health Association coined the term «askable parents». Children who learn about sex from askable parents learn values and love along with the facts» [4*]. – As they grow older, children begin to ask parents questions about the differences of the sexes. The author draws attention to the fact that the information on the topic of interest to children should not just "pour out" on them when they reach adolescence, and as the child's issues it should be laid in the mind.

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The author calls parents in this article askable parents. This word was offered by the American Association of Health Care, as reflecting a new quality for all parents - the willingness to answer children's questions.

4. From the following media message, the recipient learns about the emergence of a new phenomenon in the life of Americans, which was called eater-tainment:

«Eater-tainment has become the industry buzzword for restaurants such as Rock Café, Dave & Buster’s and Jullian’s, which bring together dining and play under the same roof…And your wives will find here not only good food, but will try to invent a new dish before your eyes…» [5*]. – In the US, new types of restaurants began to open, where you can not only eat, but also have fun by visiting the hall with slot machines, roulette. For couples, a special service is provided – the wife can participate in the preparation of any dish for her husband.

In this case, the neologism eater-tainment is a component of the words eater and entertainment and reflects the combination of two characteristics – in the restaurant you can eat and have fun.

So, as follows from the above examples, a neologism can be considered such a lexeme that preserves the "taste of freshness", therefore, one of the main distinctive features of media neologism is the absolute novelty of neoplasm for the majority of users of media communication channels.

The additional distinctive features of MN include the following:

1)the tendency to simplify the content of the mark while maintaining nominative and terminological parameters, i.e.: ACC-offensive letter sent to the chief or lawyer; Chicano - American of Mexican origin;

2)frequent updating of euphemistic content in MN, compare: choice Mom - a girl who decided to become a single mother;

3)a high degree of ideological and manipulative content, i.e.: disaster capitalism - the policy of the official authorities to benefit from a shocking event or misfortune to stimulate free market economic strategies and privatization, with a view to their reconstruction and recovery;

4)minor lexicographical development and, as a consequence, variation of spelling of the form, i.e.: gadget holic / gadgetholic, n, common colloq. - a person who cannot do without electronic gadgets (phone, tablet, etc.) for a minute;

5)uneven filling of the communicative spheres, leading to the displacement of the dynamic areas of neological in certain subsystems of the vocabulary of AVME means media geologization, for example, the military sphere compensates for scientific and vice versa, depending on the media "focus";

It is wrong to think that MN are inherent only in media communication, they freely go beyond the mass media and function in any real communicative situations and in any styles of speech.

MN is subject to the same rules of origin in language and further functioning as neologisms, actualized in any other genres. However, MN are characterized by features that are mostly related to their graphic expression and style saturation. We list those distinctive features that structurally distinguish MN from neologisms in the traditional sense:

a) The use of the structure of the component with the seme novelty and has long been functioning in the language system, compare: Blogosphere – ("blog" + "sphere" = space of users of Internet blogs);

b) The active use of abbreviations, due to the desire of the mass media genre to the language economy, compare: "FOMO " (from "fear of missing out"); "PANK " ("professional aunt no kids»);

c) The popularity of contaminated formations, i.e.: blath; celeblog; nescape.

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