- •A guide to stylistics
- •Contents
- •Foreword
- •Section 1 Stylistics: Introduction into the Field. Cognitive Style. Functional Styles.
- •Chubby tots don’t always shed that baby fat
- •250 Charing cross road london wci
- •10. Define the genre, the functional style and its specific characteristics in the following extracts.
- •11. Use the intensifier with each of the adjectives. The first two have been done as an example:
- •12. Complete the sentences using the adverbs below and a suitable adjective.
- •13. In spoken English, it's possible to emphasize certain parts of a sentence simply by using stress. Which words would you stress in the following sentences to emphasize the information in brackets?
- •Section 2 The Language of Literature as an Object of Stylistics.
- •1. Compare the neutral and the colloquial (or literary) modes of expression:
- •2. Link together the suitable pairs of words making a stylistic opposition:
- •3. A. Which of the following phrases would you use while commenting on someone's features to express a) respect b) amusement c) contempt?
- •4. Analyse the semantic structure of the following words:
- •5. State what connotative component(s) of lexical meaning the following words represent.
- •Section 3 Lexical Means of Expressiveness
- •1. Do a jigsaw task identifying examples of metonymy in the columns. Choose at least 5 cases of metonymy and explain why the original use of a word has turned into a metonymical one.
- •9. Analyse cases of metaphor into the components of its structure.
- •10. A. Identify the trope and its type in the following sentences:
- •11. Indicate the metonymy and the type of metonymical relations.
- •12. State the type and structure of the epithets.
- •13. What trope is used in the following examples?
- •14. A. Concentrate on cases of hyperbole and understatement.
- •15. Before analysing cases of irony look at this definition from a Dictionary of Literary Terms by g.A. Cuddon:
- •Agony Calories
- •16. Define the device used:
- •17. Discriminate between metaphor, simile and personification in the following examples:
- •18. Define the stylistic device and explain what the effect produced by it is based on.
- •19. Identify the tropes in the following Russian examples:
- •Section 4 Stylistic Phraseology. Stylistic Morphology.
- •1. Read the sentences and discuss different ways in which j. Galsworthy refreshes proverbs and sayings by violating phraseological units. What effect is gained by this?
- •2. Analyse various cases of play on words, indicate how it is created and what effect it adds to the utterance.
- •3. Analyse the structure and purpose of creating the author's neologisms:
- •4. Find out and explain the morphological and phraseological devices:
- •Section 5 Stylistic Syntax.
- •1. Specify on the ssm based on Compression.
- •2. Identify the ssm based on Recurrence.
- •3. Keep the conversation going using False Anadiplosis and the counterarguments to make the utterance complete.
- •4. Read the sentences in which the ssm grouped under Inversion are used. Define the type of the inversions.
- •5. Identify the ssm based on Transposition. Analyse the stylistic effect created by them.
- •6. Analyse the syntactic stylistic devices used in the following sentences:
- •Identify the lexical and syntactic stylistic means in the following examples. Specify the function performed by them.
- •8. Specify on all the stylistic devices employed by the authors in the following examples. Identify and analyse the stylistic effect of the devices used.
- •Section 6 Stylistic Phonetics.
- •1. Identify the phonetic stylistic means in the following examples and specify the function performed by them:
- •Section 7 Extracts for Comprehensive Stylistic Analysis.
- •More you can do Do the independent stylistic analysis of the following texts.
- •Exam issues
- •Reading matters in stylistics
Exam issues
The definition of the term "style". Stylistics and its connection with other branches of linguistics. The problem of the norm in style.
A cognitive style.
Informal functional styles – literary colloquial and familiar colloquial. Their lexical and syntactical peculiarities.
Formal functional styles: learned, official and business, poetic.
The language of literature as opposed to the language of non-literature.
Stylistic possibilities of English vocabulary: learned words, general and special literary words, foreign words and barbarisms.
Stylistic possibilities of English vocabulary: archaic and poetic words.
The semantics of the image. Imageless poetry.
Tropes and figures: metaphor and simile. The structure of the image.
Stylistic means of morphology: transposition of nouns and other parts of speech.
Stylistic phonetics: sound imitation, alliteration, rhyme.
Phrase and idiom. The stylistic potential and function of phrases in a discourse. Zeugma.
Derivational tendencies of proverbs.
Phrases as a result of clipping proverbs.
Usual and occasional connotations of phrases in a discourse.
Tropes of contiguity: metonymy and synechdoche.
The semantic structure of the word.
Tropes based on metaphor and metonymy: personification.
Hyperbole. Understatement. A cognitive approach to hyperbole.
Irony.
Extended images. Parts of speech through which a metaphor may be expressed.
A cognitive approach to metaphor.
The expressive force of metonymy and metaphor. Metonymy and metaphor as literary modes.
Metonymical relations.
Pun (play on words).
Tropes based on metaphor and metonymy: epithet. Expressive force of epithets.
Kinds of epithets. Structural types of epithets.
Syntactic convergence (semantically false chains).
SSM based on compression: ellypsis, one-member sentences, decomposition, asyndeton, aposiopesis.
SSM based on recurrence: polysyndeton, parallel constructions, antithesis, syntactic tautology.
SSM based on transposition: rhetorical questions, litotes.
SSM based on inverted word order: inversion, chiasmus.
Syntactic stylistic means based on recurrence: anaphora, epiphora, framing, anadiplosis.
Metaphtonymy.
Text level: the perspective.
Text level: space structures.
Reading matters in stylistics
A) Obligatory
1. Galperin I.R. Stylistics. M.: Высшая школа, 2010.
2. Арнольд И.В. Стилистика. Современный английский язык. М.: Высшая школа, 2006.
3. Skrebnev Y.M. Fundamentals of English Stylistics. M.: Высшая школа, 1994.
4. Shakhovsky V.I. English Stylistics. M.: Изд-во ЛКИ, 2008.
5. Kukharenko V.A. A Book of Practice in Stylistics. M.: Высшая школа, 1986.
6. Verdonk P. Stylistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
B) Optional
Банникова И.А. и др. Readings in Modern Stylistics and Text Interpretation. Саратов: авт. изд-во, 2007.
Залевская А.А. Текст и его понимание. Тверь, 2001 (Библиография: С.159-173).
Ивашкин М.П. и др. Manuel of English Stylistics. М.: АСТ: Восток – Запад, 2005.
Кирюшкина Т.В., Максименко Е.С. (сост.) Практикум по стилистике английского языка. Саратов: Изд-во ГОУ ВПО «Саратовская государственная академия права», 2005.
Маслова Ж.Н. An Outline of American Poetry: Уч. пособие для студ. ф-та ин. яз. Балашов: Изд-во «Фомичев», 2006.
Молчанова Г.Г. Английский как неродной: Текст. Стиль. Культура. Коммуникация. М.: ОЛМА Медиа групп, 2007.
Памухина Л.Г. и др. Английский язык для деловых людей. М.: Лист-Нью, 2003.
Петрова Н.В. Текст и дискурс // Вопросы языкознания. № 6. 2003. С.123-131.
Попова Е.А. О лингвистике нарратива // Филологические науки. № 4. 2001. С.87-90.
Разинкина Н.М. Функциональная стилистика. М.: Высшая школа, 2004.
Расторгуева Г.В. Когнитология и теория творческого мышления: стихотворный текст // Языки и транснациональные проблемы: Мат-лы I международ. науч. конф. Т.1. Тамбов, 2004. С.411-418.
Расторгуева Г.В. Об алгоритме интерпретации поэтического текста // Вестник Тамб. ун-та. Серия: Гуманитарные науки. Вып.3 (27). Тамбов, 2002. С.142-150.
Шимберг С.С. Официально-деловой перевод с английского языка на русский. СПб: Ленинградский государственный университет им. А.С. Пушкина, 2006.
Щирова И.А., Гончарова Е.А. Многоаспектность текста: понимание и интерпретация. СПб.: ООО «Книжный дом», 2007.
Щирова И.А., Тураева З.Я. Текст и интерпретация: взгляды, концепции, школы. СПб: Изд-во РГПУ им. А.И. Герцена, 2005.
Biber D., Conrad S. Register, genre, and Style. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Delaney D., Ward C., Fiorina C.R. Fields of Vision. Edinburgh Gate, Harlow, Pearson Education Lmt., 2003.
Fauconnier Gilles. Mental Space: Aspects of Meaning Construction in Natural Languages. Cambridge University Press, 1998. (Preface: Backstage Cognition XI-XIV (11-45)).
Goossens L. Metaphtonymy: the Interaction of Metaphor and Metonymy in Expressions for Linguistic Action. Cognitive Linguistics 1-3, 1990.
Lakoff G. Moral Politics: How Liberals and Conservatives Think. 2nd ed. Chicago-London, 2003.
Lakoff G., Johnson M. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago-London: The University of Chicago Press, 1990.
Leech G. Language in Literature. Style and Foregrounding. Edinburgh Gate, Pearson, 2008.
Schirova I.A. How to Analyze Fiction. СПб: Борей Арт, 2006.
Stockwell P. The Cognitive Poetics of Literary Resonance // Language and Cognition. Vol. 1. Issue 1. 2009. PP. 25-45.
Verdonk P. Stylistics. Oxford University Press, 2003.