- •Spirochaetales
- •Taxonomy
- •General Overview of Spirochaetales
- •Periplasmic Flagella Diagram
- •Tightly Coiled Spirochete
- •Cross section of
- •Spirochaetales Associated
- •Treponema spp.
- •Nonvenereal
- •Treponema pallidum ssp. endemicum
- •Treponema pallidum ssp. pertenue
- •Treponema carateum
- •Treponema pallidum ssp. pallidum
- •Venereal Treponemal
- •Darkfield Microscopy of
- •General Characteristics of
- •Epidemiology of T. pallidum
- •Incidence of Syphilis in USA
- •Geographical Distribution of
- •Pathogenesis of T. pallidum
- •Virulence Factors of T. pallidum
- •Pathogenesis of T. pallidum (cont.)
- •Pathogenesis of T. pallidum (cont.) Secondary Syphilis
- •Generalized
- •Pathogenesis of T. pallidum (cont.) Latent Stage Syphilis
- •Pathogenesis of T. pallidum (cont.) Tertiary Syphilis
- •Diagram of a
- •Progression of Untreated Syphilis
- •Pathogenesis of T. pallidum (cont.) Congenital Syphilis
- •Comparison of
- •Prevention & Treatment of Syphilis
- •Diagnostic Tests for Syphilis
- •Sensitivity & Specificity of Serologic Tests for Syphillis
- •Review Handout on Sensitivity & Specificity of Diagnostic Tests
- •Conditions Associated with False Positive Serological Tests for Syphillis
- •Effect of Treatment for Syphillis on Rapid Plasma Reagin Test Reactivity
- •Borrelia spp.
- •Giemsa Stain of
- •Epidemiology of Borrelia Infections
- •Borrelia recurrentis & other Borrelia spp.
- •Epidemiology of Relapsing Fever
- •Pathogenesis of Relapsing Fever
- •Clinical Progression of
- •Borrelia burgdorferi
- •Pathogenesis of Lyme Borreliosis
- •Erythema chronicum migrans of
- •Diagnosis of Lyme Borreliosis
- •Bacteria and Syndromes that Cause Cross-Reactions with Lyme Borreliosis Serological Tests
- •Epidemiology of Lyme Borreliosis
- •Incidence of Lyme Borreliosis in USA
- •Leptospira interrogans
- •Silver Stain of Leptospira interrogans serotype icterohaemorrhagiae
- •Leptospirosis Clinical Syndromes
- •Pathogenesis of Icteric Leptospirosis
- •Clinical Progression of Icteric (Weil’s
- •Epidemiology of Leptospirosis
- •Comparison of Diagnostic Tests
- •REVIEW
- •General Overview of Spirochaetales
- •Periplasmic Flagella Diagram
- •Spirochaetales Associated
- •Review of
- •Summary of
- •Summary of
- •Nonvenereal
- •Review of Treponema pallidum
- •General Characteristics of
- •Epidemiology of T. pallidum
- •Pathogenesis of T. pallidum
- •Virulence Factors of T. pallidum
- •Pathogenesis of T. pallidum (cont.)
- •Pathogenesis of T. pallidum (cont.) Secondary Syphilis
- •Pathogenesis of T. pallidum (cont.) Latent Stage Syphilis
- •Pathogenesis of T. pallidum (cont.) Tertiary Syphilis
- •Diagram of a
- •Progression of Untreated Syphilis
- •Progression of Untreated Syphilis
- •Pathogenesis of T. pallidum (cont.) Congenital Syphilis
- •Prevention & Treatment of Syphilis
- •Diagnostic Tests for Syphilis
- •Review Handout on Sensitivity & Specificity of Diagnostic Tests
- •Analytic Performance
- •Analytic Performance
- •Review of Borrelia
- •Summary of
- •Summary of
- •Epidemiology of Borrelia Infections
- •Review of Borrelia recurrentis
- •Epidemiology of Relapsing Fever
- •Pathogenesis of Relapsing Fever
- •Review of Borrelia burgdorferi
- •Pathogenesis of Lyme Borreliosis
- •Diagnosis of Lyme Borreliosis
- •Epidemiology of Lyme Borreliosis
- •Review of Leptospira
- •Summary
- •Summary
- •Leptospirosis Clinical Syndromes
- •Pathogenesis of Icteric Leptospirosis
- •Epidemiology of Leptospirosis
Spirochaetales
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Treponema
Borrelia &
Leptospira
Taxonomy
Order: Spirochaetales
Family: Spirochaetaceae
Genus: Treponema
Borrelia
Family: Leptospiraceae
Genus: Leptospira
General Overview of Spirochaetales
Gram-negative spirochetes
•Spirochete from Greek for “coiled hair”
Extremely thin and can be very long
Tightly coiled helical cells with tapered ends
Motile by periplasmic flagella (a.k.a., axial fibrils or endoflagella)
Outer sheath encloses axial fibrils wrapped around protoplasmic cylinder
•Axial fibrils originate from insertion pores at both poles of cell
•May overlap at center of cell in Treponema and Borrelia, but not in Leptospira
•Differering numbers of endoflagella according to genus & species
Periplasmic Flagella Diagram
Tightly Coiled Spirochete
OS = outer sheath
AF = axial fibrils
Leptospira interrogans
AF
Cross section of
Borrelia burgdorferi
Cross-Section
of Spirochete
with
Periplasmic
Flagella
NOTE: a.k.a., endoflagella, axial fibrils or axial filaments.
(Outer sheath)
Spirochaetales Associated
Human Diseases
Genus |
Species |
Disease |
|
|
|
Treponema |
pallidum ssp. pallidum |
Syphilis |
|
pallidum ssp. endemicum |
Bejel |
|
pallidum ssp. pertenue |
Yaws |
|
carateum |
Pinta |
|
|
|
Borrelia |
burgdorferi |
Lyme disease (borreliosis) |
|
recurrentis |
Epidemic relapsing fever |
|
Many species |
Endemic relapsing fever |
|
|
|
Leptospira |
interrogans |
Leptospirosis |
|
|
(Weil’s Disease) |
|
|
|
Treponema spp.
Nonvenereal
Treponemal Diseases
Bejel, Yaws & Pinta
Primitive tropical and subtropical regions
Primarily in impoverished children