- •Contents
- •Thanks
- •To the student
- •To the teacher
- •3 Present continuous and present simple 1 (I am doing and I do)
- •10 Present perfect continuous and simple (I have been doing and I have done)
- •11 how long have you (been) … ?
- •12 for and since when … ? and how long … ?
- •13 Present perfect and past 1 (I have done and I did)
- •14 Present perfect and past 2 (I have done and I did)
- •15 Past perfect (I had done)
- •16 Past perfect continuous (I had been doing)
- •17 have and have got
- •18 used to (do)
- •19 Present tenses (I am doing / I do) for the future
- •20 I’m going to (do)
- •21 will and shall 1
- •22 will and shall 2
- •23 I will and I’m going to
- •24 will be doing and will have done
- •26 can, could and (be) able to
- •27 could (do) and could have (done)
- •28 must and can’t
- •29 may and might 1
- •30 may and might 2
- •31 have to and must
- •32 must mustn’t needn’t
- •33 should 1
- •34 should 2
- •35 I’d better … it’s time …
- •36 would
- •39 if I knew … I wish I knew …
- •40 if I had known … I wish I had known …
- •41 wish
- •42 Passive 1 (is done / was done)
- •43 Passive 2 (be done / been done / being done)
- •44 Passive 3
- •45 it is said that … he is said to … he is supposed to …
- •46 have something done
- •47 Reported speech 1 (he said that …)
- •48 Reported speech 2
- •49 Questions 1
- •52 Question tags (do you? isn’t it? etc.)
- •53 Verb + -ing (enjoy doing / stop doing etc.)
- •54 Verb + to … (decide to … / forget to … etc.)
- •55 Verb (+ object) + to … (I want you to …)
- •56 Verb + -ing or to … 1 (remember, regret etc.)
- •57 Verb + -ing or to … 2 (try, need, help)
- •58 Verb + -ing or to … 3 (like / would like etc.)
- •59 prefer and would rather
- •60 Preposition (in/for/about etc.) + -ing
- •61 be/get used to … (I’m used to …)
- •63 there’s no point in -ing, it’s worth -ing etc.
- •64 to … , for … and so that …
- •65 Adjective + to …
- •66 to … (afraid to do) and preposition + -ing (afraid of -ing)
- •67 see somebody do and see somebody doing
- •68 -ing clauses (He hurt his knee playing football.)
- •69 Countable and uncountable 1
- •70 Countable and uncountable 2
- •71 Countable nouns with a/an and some
- •74 the 2 (school / the school etc.)
- •75 the 3 (children / the children)
- •77 Names with and without the 1
- •78 Names with and without the 2
- •79 Singular and plural
- •80 Noun + noun (a bus driver / a headache)
- •81 -’s (your sister’s name) and of … (the name of the book)
- •82 myself/yourself/themselves etc.
- •83 a friend of mine my own house on my own / by myself
- •84 there … and it …
- •85 some and any
- •87 much, many, little, few, a lot, plenty
- •90 all every whole
- •91 each and every
- •92 Relative clauses 1: clauses with who/that/which
- •94 Relative clauses 3: whose/whom/where
- •95 Relative clauses 4: extra information clauses (1)
- •96 Relative clauses 5: extra information clauses (2)
- •97 -ing and -ed clauses (the woman talking to Tom, the boy injured in the accident)
- •98 Adjectives ending in -ing and -ed (boring/bored etc.)
- •99 Adjectives: a nice new house, you look tired
- •100 Adjectives and adverbs 1 (quick/quickly)
- •102 so and such
- •104 quite, pretty, rather and fairly
- •105 Comparative 1 (cheaper, more expensive etc.)
- •106 Comparative 2 (much better / any better etc.)
- •107 Comparative 3 (as … as / than)
- •108 Superlative (the longest / the most enjoyable etc.)
- •109 Word order 1: verb + object; place and time
- •110 Word order 2: adverbs with the verb
- •111 still any more yet already
- •112 even
- •114 in case
- •116 as (as I walked … / as I was … etc.)
- •117 like and as
- •119 during for while
- •121 at/on/in (time)
- •122 on time and in time at the end and in the end
- •123 in/at/on (position) 1
- •124 in/at/on (position) 2
- •125 in/at/on (position) 3
- •126 to, at, in and into
- •127 in/on/at (other uses)
- •129 Noun + preposition (reason for, cause of etc.)
- •130 Adjective + preposition 1
- •131 Adjective + preposition 2
- •132 Verb + preposition 1 to and at
- •134 Verb + preposition 3 about and of
- •135 Verb + preposition 4 of/for/from/on
- •136 Verb + preposition 5 in/into/with/to/on
- •137 Phrasal verbs 1 Introduction
- •138 Phrasal verbs 2 in/out
- •139 Phrasal verbs 3 out
- •142 Phrasal verbs 6 up/down
- •143 Phrasal verbs 7 up (1)
- •144 Phrasal verbs 8 up (2)
- •145 Phrasal verbs 9 away/back
- •Additional exercises
- •Study guide
- •Key to Exercises
- •Key to Additional exercises (see page 302)
- •Key to Study guide
- •Index
Unit
110 Word order 2: adverbs with the verb
ASome adverbs (for example, always, also, probably) go with the verb in the middle of a sentence:
Emily always drives to work.
We were feeling very tired and we were also hungry.
The meeting will probably be cancelled.
BIf the verb is one word (drives/cooked etc.), the adverb goes before the verb:
|
adverb |
verb |
|
Emily |
always |
drives |
to work. |
I |
almost |
fell |
as I was going down the stairs. |
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|
|
I cleaned the house and also cooked the dinner. (not cooked also) Laura hardly ever watches television and rarely reads newspapers. ‘Shall I give you my address?’ ‘No, I already have it.’
Note that these adverbs (always/usually/also etc.) go before have to … :
Joe never phones me. I always have to phone him. (not I have always to phone)
But adverbs go ater am/is/are/was/were:
We were feeling very tired and we were also hungry. (not also were)
You’re always late. You’re never on time.
The trafic isn’t usually as bad as it was this morning.
CIf the verb is two or more words (for example, can remember / will be cancelled), the adverb
usually goes ater the first verb (can/doesn’t/will etc.):
|
verb 1 |
adverb |
verb 2 |
|
I |
can |
never |
remember |
her name. |
Clare |
doesn’t |
usually |
drive |
to work. |
|
Are you |
definitely |
going |
away next week? |
The meeting |
will |
probably |
be |
cancelled. |
|
|
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|
|
You’ve always been very kind to me.
Jack can’t cook. He can’t even boil an egg.
Do you still work for the same company?
The house was only built a year ago and it’s already falling down.
Note that probably goes before a negative (isn’t/won’t etc.). So we say:
I probably won’t see you. or
I’ll probably not see you. (but not I won’t probably)
DWe also use all and both with the verb in the middle of a sentence:
We all felt ill ater the meal. (not felt all ill)
My parents are both teachers.
Sarah and Jane have both applied for the job.
My friends are all going out tonight.
ESometimes we use is/will/did etc. instead of repeating part of a sentence (see Unit 51):
Tom says he isn’t clever, but I think he is. (= he is clever)
When we do this, we put always/never etc. before the verb:
He always says he won’t be late, but he always is. (= he is always late)
I’ve never done it and I never will. (= I will never do it)
220 |
Word order 1 Unit 109 |
Exercises
110.1 Is the word order OK or not? Correct the sentences where necessary.
1 Helen drives always to work.
2 I cleaned the house and also cooked the dinner. 3 I have usually a shower in the morning.
4 I’m usually hungry when I get home from work. 5 Steve gets hardly ever angry.
6 I called him and I sent also an email.
7 You don’t listen! I have always to repeat things. 8 I never have worked in a factory.
9 I never have enough time. I’m always busy.
10 When I arrived, my friends already were there.
Helen always drives to work. OK
110.2 Rewrite the sentences to include the word in brackets.
1 |
Clare doesn’t drive to work. (usually) Clare doesn’t usually drive to work. |
2 |
Katherine is very generous. (always) |
3 |
I don’t have to work on Sundays. (usually) |
4 |
Do you watch TV in the evenings? (always) |
5Martin is learning Spanish, and he is learning Japanese. (also) Martin is learning Spanish and he
6a We were on holiday in Spain. (all)
b We were staying at the same hotel. (all) c We had a great time. (all)
7a The new hotel is expensive. (probably) b It costs a lot to stay there. (probably)
8a I can help you. (probably) b I can’t help you. (probably)
110.3Complete the sentences. Use the words in brackets in the correct order.
Unit
110
1 |
What’s her name again? I can never remember (remember / I / never / can) it. |
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2 |
Our cat |
(usually / sleeps) under the bed. |
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3 |
There are plenty of hotels here. |
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(usually / it / easy / is) |
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to find a place to stay. |
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4 |
Mark and Amy |
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(both / were / born) in Manchester. |
5 |
Lisa is a good pianist. |
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(sing / she / also / can) very well. |
6 |
How do you go to work? |
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(usually / you / do / go) by bus? |
7 |
I see them every day, but |
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(never / I / have / spoken) to them. |
8 |
We haven’t moved. |
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(we / still / are / living) in the same place. |
9 |
This shop is always busy. |
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(have / you / always / to wait) |
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a long time to be served. |
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10 |
This could be the last time I see you. |
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(meet / never / we / might) |
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again. |
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11 |
Thanks for the invitation, but |
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(probably / I / be / won’t) |
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able to come to the party. |
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12 |
I’m going out for an hour. |
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(still / be / you / will) here when |
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I get back? |
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13 |
Helen goes away a lot. |
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(is / hardly ever / she) at home. |
14 |
If we hadn’t taken the same train, |
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(never / met / we / would / have) each other. |
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15 |
The journey took a long time today. |
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(doesn’t / take / it / always) |
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so long. |
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16 |
(all / were / we) tired, so |
(all / we / fell) asleep. |
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17 |
Tanya |
(says / always) that she’ll phone me, but |
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(does / she / never). |
221
Unit
111 still any more yet already
AWe use still to say that a situation or action is continuing. It hasn’t changed or stopped:
It’s ten o’clock and Joe is still in bed.
When I went to bed, Chris was still working.
Do you still want to go away or have you changed your mind?
Still also means ‘in spite of this’. For example:
He has everything he needs, but he’s still unhappy.
Still usually goes in the middle of the sentence with the verb. See Unit 110.
BWe use not … any more or not … any longer to say that a situation has changed.
Any more and any longer go at the end of a sentence:
Lucy doesn’t work here any more. She let last month. or
Lucy doesn’t work here any longer.
We used to be good friends, but we aren’t any more. or … we aren’t any longer. You can write any more (2 words) or anymore (1 word).
You can also use no longer. No longer goes in the middle of the sentence:
Lucy no longer works here.
We do not normally use no more in this way:
We are no longer friends. (not we are no more friends)
Compare still and not … any more:
Sally still works here, but Lucy doesn’t work here any more.
CWe use yet mainly in negative sentences (He isn’t here yet) and questions (Is he here yet?).
Yet (= until now) shows that the speaker expects something to happen.
Yet usually goes at the end of a sentence:
It’s 10 o’clock and Joe isn’t here yet.
Have you decided what to do yet?
‘Where are you going on holiday?’ ‘We don’t know yet.’
We oten use yet with the present perfect (‘Have you decided … yet?’). See Unit 7C.
Compare yet and still:
Mike lost his job six months ago and is still unemployed.
Mike lost his job six months ago and hasn’t found another job yet.
Is it still raining?
Has it stopped raining yet?
Still is also possible in negative sentences (before the negative):
She said she would be here an hour ago and she still hasn’t come.
This is similar to ‘she hasn’t come yet’. But still … not shows a stronger feeling of surprise or impatience. Compare:
I sent him an invitation last week. He hasn’t replied yet. (but I expect he will reply soon) I sent him an invitation weeks ago and he still hasn’t replied. (he should have replied before now)
DWe use already to say that something happened sooner than expected.
‘What time is Sue leaving?’ ‘She has already let.’ (= sooner than you expected) Shall I tell Joe what happened or does he already know?
I’ve just had lunch and I’m already hungry.
Already usually goes in the middle of a sentence (see Unit 110) or at the end:
She’s already let. or She’s let already.
222 |
Present perfect + already/yet Unit 7C Word order Unit 110 |
Exercises |
Unit |
111 |
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111.1Compare what Paul said a few years ago with what he says now. Some things are the same as before and some things have changed. Write sentences with still and any more.
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I travel a lot. |
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I work in a shop. |
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I write poems. |
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I want to be a teacher. |
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I’m interested in politics. |
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Paul a few |
I’m single. |
Paul now |
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I go fishing a lot. |
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years ago |
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1 |
(travel) |
He still travels a lot. |
5 |
(politics) |
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2 |
(shop) |
He doesn’t work in a shop |
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any more. |
6 |
(single) |
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3 |
(poems) He |
7 |
(fishing) |
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4 |
(teacher) |
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8 |
(beard) |
Now write three sentences about Paul using no longer.
9 |
He no longer works in a shop. |
11 |
10 |
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12 |
I travel a lot.
I work in a hospital.
I gave up writing poems. I want to be a teacher.
I’m not interested in politics. I’m single.
I haven’t been fishing for years.
111.2For each sentence (with still) write a sentence with a similar meaning using not … yet. Choose from these verbs:
|
decide |
find |
finish |
go |
stop |
take of |
wake up |
1 |
It’s still raining. |
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It hasn’t stopped raining yet. |
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2 |
Gary is still here. |
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He |
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3 |
They’re still repairing the road. |
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They |
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4 |
The children are still asleep. |
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They |
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5 |
Kate is still looking for a job. |
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She |
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6 |
I’m still wondering what to do. |
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I |
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7 The plane is still waiting on the runway. It
111.3Put in still, yet, already or any more.
1 |
Mike lost his job a year ago and he is still |
unemployed. |
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2 |
Shall I tell Joe what happened or does he |
already |
know? |
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3 |
Do you |
live in the same place or have you moved? |
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4 |
I’m hungry. Is dinner ready |
? |
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5 |
I was hungry earlier, but I don’t feel hungry |
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. |
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6 |
Can we wait a few minutes? I don’t want to go out |
. |
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7 |
Amy used to work at the airport, but she doesn’t work there |
. |
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8 |
I used to live in Amsterdam. I |
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have a lot of friends there. |
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9 |
There’s no need to introduce me to Joe. We’ve |
met. |
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10 |
John is 80 years old, but he’s |
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very fit and healthy. |
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11 |
Would you like something to eat, or have you |
eaten? |
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12 |
‘Where’s Helen?’ |
‘She’s not here |
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. She’ll be here soon.’ |
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13 |
Mark said he’d be here at 8.30. It’s 9 o’clock now and he |
isn’t here. |
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14 |
Do you want to join the club or are you |
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a member? |
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15 |
It happened a long time ago, but I |
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remember it very clearly. |
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16 |
I’ve put on weight. These trousers don’t fit me |
. |
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223