12 времен действительного залога
.doc12 времен действительного залога
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Simple |
Progressive |
Perfect |
Perfect Progressive |
Н А С Т О Я Щ Е Е
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V, Vs Do,does- вспомог.глаг. Don’t V- отрицание Doesn’t V Регулярные д-я в настоящем, факты, прописные истины *Usually, always, seldom, often, sometimes… He seldom shouts at people. The sun rises in the east. |
Is, am, are Ving Is, am, are Isn’t Ving Д-я, совершаемые в данный момент Запланированные д-я в будущем *Now, at the moment, Look!, Listen! Hush! Hurry up! … Hurry up! The bus is coming. Listen! Someone is knocking at the door. We are having a rest at the moment. We are going abroad next week. Understand, remember, know, see, hear, want, … - не употреб. в Progressive |
Have, has V3(Ved) Have, has Haven’t V3/ Hasn’t V3 Д-я, произошед. в прошлом, но имеющие отношение к настоящему Завершенные на данный момент д-я или еще не завершенные Не указано точн. врем совершения д-я. Д-е свершилось в еще неоконченный период времени today, this year… *Ever, never, just, already, yet, lately, recently, before, so far I have passed my exams! He hasn’t come yet. I haven’t had dinner today. |
Have, has been Ving Have, has Haven’t/ hasn’t been Ving Подчеркивается длительный характер д-я, которое началось в прошлом и продолжается сейчас, указыв. на период длительности *For 3 days, since morning He has been working here for 14 years. * но некоторые предлож. yпотр. в Perfect: I have known him for all my life. He has been ill since last week. |
П Р О Ш Е Д Ш Е Е
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V2, Ved Did Didn’t V Регулярные д-я в прошлом, факты, цепочка последоват д-й *Yesterday, 5 years ago, last month, when I was a child, the other day… Columbus discovered America. When I was 7, I used to watch cartoons on TV. |
Was, were Ving Was, were Wasn’t Ving Длительные д-я в конкретный момент в прошлом, одновременные длительные д-я *While, yesterday at 3 o’clock, when we came into the room… He was reading a newspaper, when the phone rang.
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Had V3, Ved Had had’t V3 Д-я, завершенные к какому-то моменту в прошлом *By the time we came, before she came…
By 12 o’clock we had finished the work. Before we arrived at the airport, they had already flown away.
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Had been Ving Had Hadn’t been Ving Д-е началось до момента в прошлом и длилось вплоть до того момента For 2 weeks +by… He had been building his new house for 2 months by the time we visited him. |
Б У Д У Щ Е Е
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Shall/ will V Shall, Will Shan’t V, Won’t V д-я в будущем, в которых ты уверен, что они произойдут, предсказания, спонтанно принятое решение сделать что-то в будущем *Tomorrow, next week, soon, in a week We’ll prepare everything in advance. |
Will be Ving Will Won’t be Ving Длительные д-я в будущем. *While, tomorrow at 3 o’clock, when we arrive at the station… * в придаточном времени употр. Present Simple When we arrive at the station, the airplane will be taking off. |
Will have V3(Ved) Will Won’t have V3 Д-я, завершенные к какому-то моменту в будущем By the time we come back, tomorrow by 11 o’clock… By the time we arrive at the station, the bus will have already gone away.
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Will have been Ving Will Won’t have been Ving Д-е начнется до определенного момента в будущем и будет длиться вплоть до этого момента For 3 hours +By
She will have been working for 10 hours by the end of the work day. |