- •1. Government of the United Kingdom. Structure and the leading parties.
- •3. The economic geography of the United Kingdom. Major industrial areas and centers.
- •7. The uk politics. The House of Lords
- •8. The uk politics. The House of Commons
- •11. Celtic Britain. Society and culture
- •15. Culture of Anglo-Saxon Britain
- •18. The Norman Conquest. The reasons and military actions
- •19. The Norman Conquest. Culture, language and architecture
- •22. Feudalism. Magna Carta
- •23. The Great Famine and Black Death. Consequences
- •27. Geoffrey Chaucer. The Canterbury Tales
- •29. British science in the Middle Ages. Mathematics and philosophy
- •30. Hundred’s Years War and the War of Roses. Reasons and consequences
- •31. Henry VIII. The Beginnings of the Church of England
- •37. British expansion to the New World. British colonialism
- •In the last phase of his life, he wrote tragicomedies (also known as romances) and collaborated with other playwrights.
- •44. Shakespeare, tragedies. Analysis of one of the plays
- •45. Shakespeare. Sonnets. Literary legacy
- •46. British Renaissance science. Attitude to a human
- •2. War with Spain
- •3. Ireland
- •48. Science and research in Elizabethan times.
- •49. Arts and architecture of the 16-18th centuries.
- •53. The age of exploration.
- •66. Romantic poetry. George Byron.
- •71. New drama. Oscar Wilde - еще не готово.
- •73. Queen Victoria, her social and international policy
11. Celtic Britain. Society and culture
The ancient Celts were various population groups living in several parts of Europe north of the Mediterranean region from the Late Bronze Age onwards.
Celtic warriors were known for their long hair and imposing physique.
The Celts loved war.
Fierce appearance in the battle, dyed hair
Great users of light chariots in warfare
They beheaded their opponents in battle and display their heads as trophies
They couldn't stop fighting among themselves long enough to put up a unified front
The basic unit of Celtic life was the clan, which were bound together very loosely with other clans into tribes, each of which had its own social structure and customs, and possibly its own local gods.
Housing
The Celts lived in huts of arched timber with walls of wicker and roofs of thatch. The huts were generally gathered in loose hamlets. In several places each tribe had its own coinage system.
The Iron Age is the age of the "Celt" in Britain
Women were equal to men, owned property, could work and choose their own husbands
Language and culture
a written Celtic language developed well into Christian times
The Celtic language is a branch of the Indo-European language family.
oral transmission of culture, primarily through the efforts of bards and poets
they held many of their religious ceremonies in woodland groves and near sacred water
12. Celtic Britain. Druids.
The word ‘Druid’’ seem to have come from ‘doire’, an Irish-Gaelic word for oak tree, a symbol of knowledge
Druidism can be described as a shamanic religion
it relied on a combination of contact with the spirit world and holistic medicines to treat (and sometimes cause) illnesses
super-class of priests, political advisors, teachers, healers, and arbitrators
They had their own universities, where traditional knowledge was passed on by rote
They had the right to speak ahead of the king in council, and may have held more authority than the king
The eldest Druid, the Arch-druid, would wear gold robes
The ordinary Druids would wear white and act as priests
The Sacrificers would fight and wear red
The blue Bards were artistic
The new recruits to Druidism completed lesser tasks and were held in lesser esteem, wearing brown or black
13. The Roman invasion. Roman legacy.
Roman influence began in 55BC with Julius Caesar’s first attempt to conquer Britain
Network of roads - there were about 10,000 miles of roads constructed during the first hundred years of Roman occupation
Roman villas - Mediterranean style of architecture and town planning
Buildings were made of stone and brick
Some people in Britain started to use Latin too.
People started to educate, to learn reading and writing
Romans brought Christianity during the second century. Before the Romans came, the native Britons were pagans.
London became the hub at the centre of a major network of roads
14. Early Anglo-Saxon literature
Saint Gildas the Wise was a Romano-British monk, known primarily for a work entitled - On the Ruin and Conquest of Britain. Mid-6th century AD.
On the Ruin and Conquest of Britain
It’s a chronicle of the history of Roman Britain
His purpose in writing is to illustrate the sins of his people and to show them a better way.
The Venerable Bede (602 or 673 – 735) was a Benedictine monk at the Northumbrian monastery of St Peter at Wearmouth, an author and scholar; "The father of English history".
(The Ecclesiastical History of the English People); composed a five line vernacular poem known to modern scholars as Bede’s Death Song
five books and 400 pages of the history of England; from the time of Caesar to the date of its completion (731); Employed all the testimony with critical consideration of its value; was very concerned about the validity of all his sources
Nobody really knows if he was correct