(классная обзорная вещь) NWC_Joint_Ops_Guide

•During Desert Shield/Desert Storm, 3rd Army/ARCENT totaled over 333,000 Army personnel, of which some 38,000 were in the Support Command and over 33,000 in Echelon Above Corps (EAC) troops for a seven division force. This resulted in a “divisional slice” of some 45,000. Of this total, 37,692 were ARNG, and 35,158 were USAR.

•For Operation IRAQI FREEDOM in 2003, ARCENT served as the CFLCC with over 185,000 USA, 62,000 USMC and some 26,000 coalition forces. Of these 56,000 were EAC troops.

•There are five ASCCs: USAREUR, USARSO, EUSA, 3d ARMY/ARCENT, and USAREUR & 7th ARMY.

Organization

The organization of the ASCC is dependent upon such planning considerations as the overall mission, the stage of theater development, and the number of combat units deployed or projected to be deployed. Mission requirements determine the allocation of major maneuver elements-corps and divisions (including requisite combat, combat support and combat service support (CSS) units), and are the primary factors in any decision to expand the number of operational echelons. Additionally, operational-level tasks for the Army Force (ARFOR) of a joint force will determine the theater protective elements (Army Air & Missile Defense Commands, MP Bdes, Internment/Resettlement Command/Brigade, CID Group, and NBC Brigades); theater logistical and personnel support elements (Theater Support Command, Engineer Command, Transportation Command, Personnel Command, Medical Command, and Finance Command); Theater Army Special Operations elements (SF Groups, Rangers, Special Ops Aviation, Civil Affairs, and PSYOPS); and theater command & control, information superiority, and intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance units committed to the theater (Theater Aviation Brigade, Theater MI Brigade, Theater Signal Command, Battlefield Coordination Detachment, Army Space Elements).

ASCC WITH MULTIPLE CORPS FOR A DECISIVE DEFEAT

NUMBERED ARMY

The numbered Army is primarily an operational (as opposed to support) headquarters designed to control from two to five Corps. Its commander must have an operational-level perspective. The COMASCC, with the concurrence of the Combatant Commander, establishes a numbered Army, when the command and control environment exceeds the capability of a Corps headquarters. A numbered Army may be used when required to conduct a major complex operation, when the ground forces are widely dispersed geographically or when a political situation requires a larger U.S. Army operational headquarters. The administrative and support activities of the numbered Army are much less than those of the ASCC, and the ASCC would continue to focus on sustainment and support functions. A numbered Army is a flexible organization as shown below:

Numbered

Army

Signal

Command

Intelligence

MP Combat Spt Element

Spt

Aviation

Company

ARMY CORPS

Corps’ are the largest tactical units in the U.S. Army, the instruments by which higher echelons of command conduct maneuver at the operational level. Corps are tailored for the theater and the mission for which they are deployed. For this reason, there is no standard organizational structure of a corps. Once tailored, they contain all the organic combat, combat support, and combat service support capabilities required to sustain operations for a considerable period.

Corps may be assigned divisions of any type required by the theater and the mission. They possess support commands and are assigned combat and combat support organizations based on their needs for a specific operation. Armored cavalry regiments, field artillery brigades, engineer brigades, air defense artillery brigades, and aviation brigades are the nondivisional units commonly available to the corps to weight its main effort and to perform special combat functions. Separate infantry or armored brigades may also be assigned to corps. Signal brigades, military intelligence brigades, military police brigades, civil affairs brigades, chemical brigades, and psychological operations battalions are the usual combat support organizations present in a corps. Other special operations forces may support corps combat operations as required, particularly when the corps is conducting an independent operation. The combat service support organizations of the corps are the personnel group, the finance group, and the corps support command.

The critical roles of the corps include:

•Planning and conducting operations in consonance with other elements of the joint force to achieve campaign objectives.

•Integrating available Air Force, Navy, and Marine combat, combat support, and combat service support into tactical operations. This includes joint efforts in intelligence, target acquisition, target attack, electronic warfare, SEAD, and CSS.

•Collecting intelligence, anticipating enemy activities and intentions, and planning at least 72 hours into the future.

•Planning and conducting deep and rear operations to support the close operations.

•Planning the employment of tactical nuclear weapons in support of campaign objectives.

•Planning and conducting effective deception operations in consonance with the higher echelon’s deception plan.

The planning and execution of tactical-level battles is the major role of the corps. The corps commander must clearly understand the intent of the commanders of the next two echelons above him in order to plan and execute battles that will constitute lead to the achievement of the operational objectives. The corps must simultaneously conduct the close, deep, and rear operations as well as plan at least 72 hours into the future.

When planning into the future, the corps commander must identify those critical operations that assist accomplishment of the principal operations (main and supporting attacks, commitment of the reserve, etc.) that are best controlled at corps level. These collateral operations consist of major activities that must be conducted within the scope

of any combat operation. Collateral operations are assigned as specific tasks in the operation order and are keyed to the commander’s overall concept of operation. Although they require their own internal concept of operation, these concepts must be consistent with the corps commander’s overall concept of operation. Examples of possible collateral operations are intelligence, counterfires, deep fires, J-SEAD, deception, and nuclear/chemical fires.

In a contingency operation, a corps headquarters may function as the land component headquarters of a joint task force or as the joint task force headquarters. In such cases, the corps will have the responsibility for both operational (campaign) and tactical campaign. The centerpiece of the corps’ operational responsibilities is to participate in development of a joint campaign plan.

By their very nature, corps will always fight as part of a joint force, working in very close cooperation with the U.S. Air Force, Navy, and/or Marine Corps. Similarly, the nature of current world politics and U.S. treaty commitments will mean that corps will fight as part of multinational combined forces in any midto high-intensity theater.

Corps size may vary with the task organization. For Operation Just Cause in Panama in 1989, XVIII Corps had only 12,000 troops, while for Desert Shield/Desert Storm, XVIII Corps had some 118,000 troops. In the same operation, VII Corps had over 142,000 troops with four U.S. and one British division. For Operation IRAQI FREEDOM, V Corps had some 130,000 troops.

There are four corps: I, III, V, and XVIII.

A “HEAVY” CORPS

XXX

US

ORGANIZATION TAILORED TO MEET MISSION

DIVISIONS

Divisions are standard combined arms organizations which may be tailored IAW conditions of METT-TC. They are capable of performing any tactical mission and are largely self-sustaining. Divisions are the basic units of maneuver at the tactical level and

perform major tactical operations for the corps. Divisions occasionally function as operational-level; headquarters, but can conduct sustained battles, engagements, and operations other than war (OOTW).

A corps normally has from two to five divisions of any type and combination. Armored, mechanized infantry, light infantry, airborne, air assault, and integrated divisions are all presently in the U.S. force structure. Each type of division has its own unique capabilities and limitations. The following are the types of divisions and other units that a U.S. Army Corps can employ.

Armored and Mechanized Infantry Divisions (New Heavy Division, Limited Conversion XXI)

The armored and mechanized divisions are mobile, ground-gaining forces with significant armor-protected firepower. These divisions are very similar in their organizations and capabilities and are commonly referred to collectively as heavy divisions. These divisions operate most effectively in open terrain where they can move quickly and use long-range, direct-fire weapons to their best advantage. They seek to rapidly concentrate combat power against the enemy on the mobile battlefield. They are somewhat limited in exploiting their mobility in operations in restrictive terrain, such as cities, mountains, and heavily forested areas.

Heavy divisions are excellent for use in developed theaters, but their ability to deploy rapidly in contingency operations is dependent on the strategic lift assets of the other services.