Нова методичка Взуття Частина I

1.successor – послідовник

2.backpacks – рюкзаки

3.luggage – багаж

4.inherit – наслідувати

5.implement – втілювати

2. Listen to the text “Foundations and development of Prada” and define if the statements are True or False.

1. Mario Prada welcomed women taking part in business.

2. It was his daughter Luisa Prada who took the helm of Prada as his successor and ran it for almost twenty years.

3. Miuccia did not inherit the company.

4. Miuccia released her first set of backpacks and totes in 1969.

3. Listen to the text again and be ready to answer the questions:

1.When and where was Prada company started?

2.What goods did the company sell initially?

Texts for home reading

Module 1

1. Read and translate the following text: History

The earliest known shoes are sandals dating from approximately 7,000 or 8,000 B.C., found in the Fort Rock Cave in the US state of Oregon. The world's oldest leather shoe, made from a single piece of cowhide laced with a leather cord along seams at the front and back, was found in a cave in Armenia and is believed to date to 3,500 B.C. However, it is estimated that shoes may have been used long before this, but it is difficult to find evidence of the earliest footwear due to the highly perishable nature of early shoes. These earliest designs were very simple in design, often mere "foot bags" of leather to protect the feet from rocks, debris, and cold. They were more commonly found in colder climates.

Many early natives in North America wore a similar type of footwear known as the moccasin. These are tight-fitting, soft-soled shoes typically made out of leather or bison hides. Many moccasins were also decorated with various beads and other adornments. Moccasins were not designed to get wet, and in wet weather and warm summer months, most Native Americans went barefoot.

As civilizations began to develop, thong sandals (the precursors of the modern flipflop) were worn. This practice dates back to pictures of them in ancient Egyptian murals from 4,000 B.C. One pair found in Europe was made of papyrus leaves and dated to be approximately 1,500 years old. Thong sandals were worn by many

civilizations and made from a wide variety of materials. Ancient Egyptian sandals were made from papyrus and palm leaves. In India, they were made from wood. In China and Japan, rice straw was used.

While thong sandals were commonly worn, many people in ancient times, such as the Egyptians and Greeks, saw little need for footwear, and most of the time, preferred being barefoot. The Egyptians and Hindus made some use of ornamental footwear, such as a soleless sandal known as a "Cleopatra", which did not provide any practical protection for the foot. The ancient Greeks largely viewed footwear as self-indulgent, unaesthetic and unnecessary. Shoes were primarily worn in the theater, as a means of increasing stature, and many preferred to go barefoot.

The Romans, who eventually conquered the Greeks, and adopted many aspects of their culture, did not adopt the Greek perception of footwear and clothing. Roman clothing was seen as a sign of power, and footwear was seen as a necessity of living in a civilized world, although the slaves and paupers usually went barefoot.

By the 15th century, pattens became popular by both men and women in Europe. These are commonly seen as the predecessor of the modern high-heeled shoe, while the poor and lower classes in Europe, as well as slaves in the New World, were barefoot. During the 16th century, royalty started wearing high-heeled shoes to make them look taller or larger than life, such as Catherine de Medici or Mary I of England. By 1580, even men wore them, and a person with authority or wealth was often referred to as, "well-heeled".

Eventually the modern shoe, with a sewn-on sole, was devised. Since the 17th century, most leather shoes have used a sewn-on sole. This remains the standard for finer-quality dress shoes today. Until around 1800, shoes were made without differentiation for the left or right foot. Such shoes are now referred to as "straights". Only gradually did the modern foot-specific shoe become standard.

Since the mid-20th century, advances in rubber, plastics, synthetic cloth, and industrial adhesives have allowed manufacturers to create shoes that stray considerably from traditional crafting techniques. Leather, which had been the primary material in earlier styles, has remained standard in expensive dress shoes, but athletic shoes often have little or no real leather. In the late 2000s, some shoemakers picked up on the issue and began to produce shoes made entirely from degradable materials, such as the Nike Considered.

2.Make up 10 questions to the text.

3.Make a list of 20 terms from the text and learn them by heart.

Module 2

1. Read and translate the following text:

Parts of a shoe

The parts of a shoe are pretty common, regardless of the specific style of footwear. All shoes have a sole, which is the bottom of a shoe, which is in contact with the ground. Soles can be made from a variety of materials, although most modern

shoes have soles made from natural rubber, polyurethane, or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) compounds. Soles can be simple — a single material in a single layer — or they can be complex, with multiple structures or layers and materials. When various layers are used, soles may consist of an insole, midsole, and an outsole.

The insole is the interior bottom of a shoe, which sits directly beneath the foot under the footbed (also known as sock liner). The purpose of insole is to attach to the lasting margin of the upper, which is wrapped around the last during the closing of the shoe during the lasting operation. Insoles are usually made of cellulosic paper board or synthetic non woven insole board. Many shoes have removable and replaceable footbeds. Extra cushioning is often added for comfort (to control the shape, moisture, or smell of the shoe) or health reasons (to help deal with defects in the natural shape of the foot or positioning of the foot during standing or walking).

The outsole is the layer in direct contact with the ground. Dress shoes often have leather or resin rubber outsoles; casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber or a synthetic material like Polyurethane. The outsole may comprise a single piece, or may be an assembly of separate pieces of different materials. Often the heel of the sole has a rubber plate for durability and traction, while the front is leather for style. Specialized shoes will often have modifications on this design: athletic or so called cleated shoes like soccer, rugby, baseball and golf shoes have spikes embedded in the outsole to grip the ground.

The layer in between the outsole and the insole that is typically there for shock absorption. Some types of shoes, like running shoes, have another material for shock absorption, usually beneath the heel of the foot, where one puts the most pressure down. Different companies use different materials for the midsoles of their shoes. Some shoes may not have a midsole at all.

The bottom rear part of a shoe is the heel. Its function is to support the heel of the foot. They are often made of the same material as the sole of the shoe. This part can be high for fashion or to make the person look taller, or flat for a more practical and comfortable use.

Every shoe has an upper part that helps hold the shoe onto the foot. In the simplest cases, such as sandals or flip-flops, this may be nothing more than a few straps for holding the sole in place. Closed footwear, such as boots, trainers and most men's shoes, will have a more complex upper. This part is often decorated or is made in a certain style to look attractive. The upper is connected to the sole by a strip of leather, rubber, or plastic that is stitched between it and the sole, known as a welt.

The part of the shoe closest to a person's center of symmetry is known as the medial, and the opposite, away from their center of symmetry, is known as the lateral. This can be in reference to either the outsole or the vamp. Most shoes have shoelaces on the upper, connecting the medial and lateral parts after one puts their shoes on and aiding in keeping their shoes on their feet. In 1968, Puma SE introduced the first pair of sneakers with Velcro straps in lieu of shoelaces, and these became popular by the 1980s, especially among children and the elderly.

2. Make up 10 questions to the text.

3. Make a list of 20 terms from the text and learn them by heart.

Module 3

1. Read and translate the following text:

Boots for specific activities

There are a wide variety of different types of boots. Most types of boots are designed for specific activities. Some of them are designed for work or heavy outdoor use.

Boots which designed for walking may be made of a single closely stitched design (using leather, rubber, canvas, or similar material) to prevent the entry of water, snow, mud or dirt through gaps between the laces and tongue found in other types of shoes. Waterproof gumboots are made in different lengths of uppers. In extreme cases, thigh-boots called waders, worn by anglers, extend to the hip. Such boots may also be insulated for warmth. Most boots sold in retail stores are not actually waterproof.

Specialty boots have been made to temporarily protect steelworkers if they get caught in pools of molten metal, to protect workers from a variety of chemical exposure, and insulated, inflatable boots for use in Antarctica. Most work boots are "laceups" made from leather. Formerly they were usually shod with hobnails and heeland toe-plates, but now can usually be seen with a thick rubber sole, and often with steel toecaps. Bovver boots were adopted by skinheads and punks as part of their typical dress and have migrated to more mainstream fashion, including women's wear. As a more rugged alternative to dress shoes, dress boots may be worn (though these can be more formal than shoes).

Boots are normally worn with socks to prevent chafes and blisters, to absorb sweat, and to improve the foot's grip inside the boot. Before socks became widely available, footwraps were worn instead.

Specialty boots have been designed for many different types of sports, particularly riding, skiing, snowboarding, ice-skating, and sporting in wet/damp conditions. Fashionable boots for women may exhibit all the variations seen in other fashion footwear: tapered or spike heels, platform soles, pointed toes, zipper closures and the like. The popularity of boots as fashion footwear ebbs and flows. They were popular in the 1960s and 1970s, but diminished in popularity towards the end of the 20th century. Today, they are experiencing a resurgence in popularity, especially designs with a long bootleg. Boot bolo's, boot bracelets, boot straps, boot chains, and boot harnesses, are used to decorate boots.

Boots have their own devotees among boot fetishists, shoe fetishists and foot fetishists. Singer Nancy Sinatra was largely responsible for popularizing the fad of women wearing boots in the late 1960s.

In comic books, many "super-heroes" and/or "super-villains" wear boots as part of their customary outfits.

Sandal boots also exist, it is a type of fashion boot that is worn by women. Particularly, some of the characters of the manga Naruto also wear sandal boots.

2.Make up 10 questions to the text.

3.Make a list of 20 terms from the text and learn them by heart.

Module 4

1. Read and translate the following text:

Famous footwear designers

Often enough, we see the same shoe designers over and over among magazines, television, celebrities, and red carpets. That is because these designers have an impeccable talent in designing some of the most trendiest shoes out there. Nothing like a little retail therapy. Despite the pricey sale tag, their shoes are hot sellers and for good reason. So just who makes the list of some of the top shoe designers out there? Check it out.

Manolo Blahnik

This Spanish fashion designer knows what he is doing when it comes to shoes. He designs every one of the thousands of shoes he has put out there. His business dates back to the 70's while working in London. Some incorporate his shoes into the favorite made by Carrie Bradshaw in the well-loved HBO series Sex And The City. And he has done it all with out any training! How inspirational is that? It all started when in the 70's, the utterly chunky heel was in style, and Manolo focused his attention on the stiletto heel and the rest is history. He got noticed for his classic, elegant shoes and is now a major world-wide staple for many closets. In the words of Lady Gaga in her song Fashion, "Merde, I Love Those Manolo's."

Jimmy Choo

Choo Yeang Keat is a Malaysian fashion designer who is based in London. Of course, he is best known for his Jimmy Choo shoes! It began in the 1980's inside an old hospital building and is now one of the most expensive high-end shoes. His designs became noticed when Vogue Magazine featured his creations in an eightpage spread in an 1988 issue. He inspires shoemakers and fashion designers everywhere and is well-loved by trendy shoe buyers. Princess Diana was one of his most famous clients. And although Madonna herself said that Manolo Blahniks are "better then sex", it was Jimmy Choo's that she wore on her wedding day!

Christian Louboutin

You cannot mistake the famous red-backing on the soles of this famous designer's stiletto's. This French footwear designer issued a U.S. trademark protection for it. Louboutin helped bring the stiletto style back in the 1990's and is now worldfamous for his signature shoes. He spent his early years designing shoes for prestigious designers such as Chanel and Yves Saint Laurent. He has many loyal clients, especially so among Hollywood, but all over the world as well. His shoes are sold in 46 countries! And all you part-time lovers better watch out, "Cus it's the last time, I'm moving on. I'm throwing on my Louboutin's." Thank you Jennifer Lopez.

Michael Kors

Michael Kors has been one of my longtime favorites and I am a proud owner of the shoe to the right! Karl Anderson Jr. created this line and is an American fashion designer. He later changed his name to Michael David Kors as a result of his mother getting remarried. Known for his women's American sportswear line, he has an incredible handbag and shoe line as well. He is also a favorite among celebrities. You can see him nowadays on the Bravo television show Project Runway as a judge.

Giuseppe Zanotti

This is a truly unique shoe designer and it seems that Mr. Louboutin and others is getting quite the competition as this line is getting famous among celebrities. The Italian designer launched his label in 1993 and has his signature trend in his shoes too. His crystal, cutout, studded detailing designs are getting more popular among red carpets and famous feet. Coming from a town with a long time tradition of making shoes, he has been in the business of designing women's shoes for over twenty years. He is now an international favorite. His refined creativity and eyepopping designs promises you will never go unnoticed!

Dolce Vita

This line is another of my all-time favorites and I am another proud owner of the shoe to the right, only in a taupe color. Although not a big-time A-list line (yet), aspiring shoe designers Nick Lucio and Van Lamprou created this line while soon after, their shoes first hit the street in 2001 and have been effortlessly trend-setting ever since. I love their repeat studded accents on their shoes, and love the design and feminine look of their boots and booties. Even though the line is not quite high end yet, I have included them on this list because I feel like it is only a matter of time before you see more and more feet in these trendy, comfortable line of incredibly sexy shoes. Dolce Vita is an Italian way of saying "sweet life," and what a sweet life it is to have these edgy shoes in my collection!

Dior

This fabulous and incredibly famous line is not just trendy for their handbags and high-end clothing line, they have great signature heels as well! Christian Dior was a famous French fashion designer born in 1905 and left us in 1957, but his legacy lives on through his dominating fashion line. John Galliano is now the chief designer for Dior and creates the looks as Christian Dior himself did in his time. The line emphasizes luxury rather than comfort with a truly unique feminine style. The heels themselves are a signature all in it's own with their edgy shapes and carvings.

2.Make up 10 questions to the text.

3.Make a list of 20 terms from the text and learn them by heart.