The types of Vikings

The types of Vikings’ ship

‘Viking’ was the name given to the seafarers from Norway, Denmark, Finland and Sweden. During the Viking age many Vikings travelled to other countries, such as Britain and Ireland. They either settled in these new lands as farmers and craftsmen, or went to fight and look for treasure.

The ships were powered by oars or by the wind, and had one large, square sail, most probably made from wool. Leather straps criss-crossed the wool to keep its shape when it was wet. Viking ships also had oars. A steering oar or 'steer board' was used to steer the ships. It was fastened to the right-hand side of the ship at the back.

Viking ships were one of the key elements of their culture and allowed them to carry out long-distance sea voyages, military campaigns and trade. Here are some characteristics of Viking ships:

1. Design and Construction: Viking ships were known for their unique design and construction, which provided them with high seaworthiness. They had a long and narrow shape with a sharp bow and stern, which allowed the ships to move quickly and maneuver in the water.

2. Double oar: One of the key features of Viking ships was the presence of a double oar. The stern oar in combination with the oar in the middle of the ship allowed the crew to maneuver and control the direction of movement of the vessel.

3. Gyroscopic keel: Viking ships were equipped with a gyroscopic keel - a wooden beam located along the bottom of the ship. It improved stability and prevented lateral slope.

4. Flat-bottomed: The flat-bottomed design of Viking ships allowed them to navigate rivers and shallow bays, as well as to walk along the shores. This made them versatile and adapted for various types of swimming.

5. Folding mast and sail: Viking ships usually had a single mast and a large rectangular sail that could be raised or lowered depending on weather conditions and wind direction. The mast could also be folded for better maneuvering and overcoming narrow sections of rivers or channels.

6. Speed and flexibility: Due to their design and superiority over other types of ships of the time, Viking ships provided high speed and flexibility at sea. This allowed the Vikings to quickly strike at enemy coasts, evade persecution and successfully make long voyages.

Viking ships played a key role in the expansion of Viking influence and the formation of their empire. Due to their high seaworthiness and durability, they became a symbol of Viking power and strength, and their design and technology influenced the development of shipbuilding in the following centuries.

The Vikings were skilled shipbuilders and sailors, and they utilized several types of ships for various purposes. Here are some of the main types of Viking ships:

1. Longships: Longships were the iconic Viking warships, designed for both warfare and exploration. They were long and narrow, ranging from 20 to 30 meters in length, with a shallow draft that allowed them to navigate rivers as well as open seas. Longships had a symmetrical shape, enabling them to move swiftly and change directions quickly. These ships typically featured a single mast with a square or rectangular sail, and they could be rowed by a crew of up to 80 men.

2. Knarrs: Knarrs were larger cargo ships that the Vikings used for trade and transportation of goods. They had a broader and deeper hull, allowing them to carry heavier loads, and were usually shorter than longships. The knarrs had a rounded bow and stern, with a single mast and a square sail. These ships had a crew of around 20 to 30 men.

3. Drakkars: Drakkars were a type of longship that specifically referred to the ships used by Vikings during raids. They generally had a similar design to longships, but with some modifications for carrying more warriors and equipment. Drakkars often featured a dragon or serpent figurehead at the prow, which gave them a fearsome appearance. They were primarily used in warfare and were known for their speed and maneuverability.

4. Karvi: Karvi ships were smaller vessels used for coastal navigation, fishing, and trade in shallow waters. They were broader and shorter than longships and knarrs, with a crew size of around 30 to 40 men. Karvi ships were primarily propelled by sail, but they also had oars or paddles for maneuvering in tight spaces or when there was no wind.

These are just a few examples of the various types of ships that the Vikings employed. Each ship had specific purposes and characteristics suited to the Viking's needs, whether for exploration, trade, or warfare.