диафрагмированные волноводные фильтры / d6284909-4432-4766-9527-f3fefcc355a8
.pdf19 5 |
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Vo1.19 No.5 |
2021 10 |
Journal of Terahertz Science and Electronic Information Technology |
Oct. 2021 |
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2095-4980(2021)05-0769-10
a a *b
( a. b. 210044)
的交叉前沿应用。滤波器作为太赫兹探测/
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TN713 |
A |
doi 10.11805/TKYDA2021246 |
Review of terahertz waveguide filters research process
ZHANG Qinyia YAN Yutaoa DING Jiangqiao*b
(a.Changwang School of Honors b. School of Electronic & Information Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology
Nanjing Jiangsu 210044 China)
Abstract Terahertz waves with unique spectrum characteristics have provided important applications in cross frontier fields of astronomical observation, interstellar communication and defense security. As one of the key components in the terahertz detection/communication systems, the filter can extract characteristic signals and suppress interference frequencies to improve the target detection performance of the system. In recent years, thanks to the development of the high-precision manufacturing process, some breakthrough results have been achieved in terahertz waveguide filters. And the filters based on different types, structures and processes have been studied. In this review paper, the development status and common problems of terahertz waveguide filters are expounded based on the different processes. The advantages and disadvantages of filters developed by mainstream technologies are also summarized, which can provide a reference for the further development of terahertz waveguide filters with high performance.
Keywords terahertz waveguide filter
(THz) 0.1~10 THz [1]
[2–4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10][11]
/
2[12] [13]
2021-05-11 2021-07-17
(12003011) (20KJB510039)
* email:jqding@nuist.edu.cn
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(Coplanar Waveguide CPW)[14] [15] [16]Q ( ) Q ( )[9] [7](Micro-Electromechanical Systems MEMS)
赫兹高性能滤波器的进一步发展提供基础。
1 CNC
(μm)MEMS [17–19]
(Deep Reactive Ion Etching DRIE) SU-8 (Thick SU-8 Photoresist)(UV–LIGA) MEMSBlock H–MEMS MEMS(Computer Numerical Control CNC)±10 μm [7] CNC ±2.5 μm 700 GHz[20] CNC CNC
upper block
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bottom block |
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H-plane |
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E-plane |
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offset coupling |
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(a) waveguide filter structure based |
(b) waveguide filter structure based on the (c) waveguide filter structure based on the offset |
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on the magnetic coupling |
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electrical coupling |
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coupling |
Fig.1 Waveguide filter structures based on the magnetic coupling, the electrical coupling and the offset coupling
1
TE101
CNC W- (75~110 GHz) W-R3 (220~330 GHz) WR-2.8 (260~400 GHz) WR-1.5 (500~750 GHz) [20–26]1 [21,22,25] 1 H- E-
/( ) W-[27] - 2
771 |
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220 GHz 2220 GHz [28] [29] 3 4 W 2 11
1 CNC
Table1 Performance summary of THz waveguide filters based on the CNC technology
working |
center frequency/ |
3 dB |
filter |
RL/dB |
IL/dB |
response type |
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TZs |
structure |
Ref. |
Tech. |
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band |
GHz |
FBW/% |
order |
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No. |
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92.6 |
4.5.0 |
4 |
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15 |
0.41 |
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H-plane coupling |
[21] |
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W-band |
91.3 |
13.00 |
4 |
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21 |
0.30 |
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E-plane coupling |
[22] |
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92.5 |
20.00 |
5 |
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15 |
0.60 |
Chebyshev |
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— |
offset-coupling |
[23] |
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WR-5 |
179 |
8.70 |
8 |
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18 |
0.34 |
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H-plane coupling |
[24] |
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WR-3 |
255 |
11.00 |
5 |
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15 |
3.90 |
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[25] |
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WR-2.8 |
340 |
5.30 |
4 |
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20 |
0.60 |
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H-plane E-plane |
[26] |
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WR-1.5 |
690 |
— |
— |
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20 |
2.10 |
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[20] |
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W-band |
92.6 |
5.50 |
4 |
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15 |
1.20 |
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4 |
cross-coupling |
[27] |
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100 |
10.00 |
4 |
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18 |
0.60 |
quasi-elliptic |
1 |
extracted pole |
[28] |
CNC |
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WR-4 |
214 |
9.80 |
4 |
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15 |
0.60 |
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2 |
cross-coupling |
[29] |
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W-band |
100 |
6.00 |
4 |
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13 |
0.50 |
Chebyshev |
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— |
TM120-mode |
[30] |
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— |
2.70 |
6 |
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15 |
1.50 |
dual band |
4 |
TE201-mode |
[31] |
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D-band |
140 |
9.29 |
4 |
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18.9 |
0.52 |
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2 |
TE301-mode |
[32] |
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140 |
17.00 |
2 |
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12.5 |
0.33 |
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2 |
mixed-mode |
[33] |
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WR-3 |
258 |
8.80 |
4 |
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15 |
0.70 |
quasi-elliptic |
2 |
TE102-mode |
[7] |
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256 |
9.80 |
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20 |
0.50 |
2 |
over-mode |
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WR-2.2 |
390 |
12.00 |
3 |
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15 |
1.50 |
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1 |
mixed-mode |
[34] |
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394 |
9.00 |
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15 |
1.50 |
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3 |
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cross-coupling |
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extracted pole |
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(a) cross-coupling and source- |
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(b) additional pole waveguide |
(c) cross coupled waveguide |
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load coupling filter structure |
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filter structure |
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filter structure |
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Fig.2 Waveguide filters with cross couplings or additional poles |
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2 |
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TE102-mode |
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over-mode |
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dual band |
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(a)waveguide filter structure based on the TE102 mode resonator
TM120-mode
(b) waveguide filter based on multi- |
(c) dual passband waveguide filter structure |
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mode resonators |
based on the TE201 mode resonator |
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TE301-mode |
mixed-mode |
(d)waveguide filter structure based on the TM120 mode resonator
(e)waveguide filter structure based on the TE301 mode resonator
(f)waveguide filter structure based on mixed mode resonators
Fig.3 THz waveguide filter structures based on the higher order modes
3
TE102 TE103 TM120 Q
的高阶模谐振腔被广泛用于太赫兹滤波器的设计[7,30–34] [30] TM120
TE101[7,31] TE102 [31][7] TE101 singlet TE301 singlet
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772 |
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[32] [33] TE2N,1,0 (N=2,3,4,…)2 CNC3 CNC
1 1[7,32]
CNC 400 GHzCNC
extracted poles
(a)additional pole waveguide filter structure based on SU-8 technology
offset coupling
filter cavity
H-plane bend
capacitive iris+H-plane bend
(b)H-plane coupled waveguide filter structure based on SU-8 technology
offset coupling
cross-coupling
(c) offset coupled waveguide filter |
(d) offset coupled waveguide filter structure |
structure based on SU-8 technology |
based on SU-8 technology |
WR-1.5
(e)offset coupled waveguide filter structure based on SU-8 technology
Fig.4 THz waveguide filters based on the SU-8 micro-technology
4 SU-8
2 SU-8
SU-8 SU-820:1 CNC40 nm SU-8 SU-8
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2 |
SU-8 |
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Table2 Performance summary of terahertz waveguide filters based on the SU-8 technology |
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working |
center |
3 dB |
filter order |
RL/dB |
IL/dB |
response |
TZs |
structure |
Ref. |
Tech. |
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band |
frequency/GHz |
FBW/% |
type |
No. |
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W-band |
100.0 |
5.0 |
4 |
10 |
1.20 |
quasi-elliptic |
2 |
extracted poles |
[35] |
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88.0 |
9.7 |
4 |
15 |
1.00 |
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[36] |
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293.2 |
8.8 |
4 |
16 |
3.30 |
Chebyshev |
— |
capacitive iris |
[37] |
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300.0 |
9.0 |
5 |
10 |
2.20 |
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[18] |
SU-8 |
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WR-3 |
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309.0 |
3.3 |
3 |
15 |
0.40 |
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offset coupling |
[38] |
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298.6 |
5.3 |
3 |
16 |
0.45 |
quasi-elliptic |
2 |
cross-coupling |
[39] |
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WR-1.5 |
671.0 |
8.0 |
3 |
10 |
1.75 |
Chebyshev |
— |
offset coupling |
[40] |
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SU-8 SHANG X BW- WR-1.5 [36–40] 4 2
H- W- [36] H- WR-3[37] SU-8 3 SU-8WR-3 WR-1.5 [38,40]SU-8 [35,39] SU-8
773 |
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19 |
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SU-8 WR-3
WR-1.5 3[41] H-
SU-8
3 DRIE
DRIE 90°MEMS CNCSU-8 DRIE(Silicon-On-Insulator SOI) DRIE220~330 GHz 0.02 dB/mm[42] DRIEDRIE
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3 |
DRIE |
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Table3 Performance summary of terahertz waveguide filters based on the DRIE technology |
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working band |
center frequency/GHz |
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3 dB FBW/(%) |
filter order |
RL/dB |
IL/dB |
response type |
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TZs |
structure |
Ref. Tech. |
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No. |
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D-band |
140 |
10.40 |
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5 |
10 |
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0.61 |
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H-plane coupling |
[43] |
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G-band |
174 |
5.50 |
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— |
15 |
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2.00 |
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[44] |
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E-plane coupling |
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J-band |
240 |
6.30 |
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2 |
10 |
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2.00 |
Chebyshev |
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— |
[45] |
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WR-2.2 |
385 |
3.90 |
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2 |
10 |
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2.70 |
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H-plane coupling |
[46] |
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570 |
8.77 |
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3 |
10 |
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0.90 |
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[17] |
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WR-1.5 |
550 |
6.00 |
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5 |
10 |
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2.50 |
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H-plane |
[47] |
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640 |
6.25 |
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5 |
13 |
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1.00 |
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E-plane |
DRIE |
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WR-2.2 |
360 |
5.50 |
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2 |
13 |
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2.00 |
Chebyshev |
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— |
circular cavity |
[48] |
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400 |
7.50 |
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2 |
20 |
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2.84 |
quasi-elliptic |
2 |
elliptic cavity |
[49] |
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WR-1.0 |
1 017 |
2.16 |
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4 |
10 |
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1.90 |
quasi-elliptic |
1 |
TE301/TE102 dual-mode |
[50] |
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WR-3 |
270 |
1.85 |
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4 |
15 |
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1.21 |
quasi-elliptic |
2 |
quasi-TM110 |
[51] |
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WR-2.2 |
450 |
1.00 |
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2 |
15 |
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2.60 |
Chebyshev |
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— |
TE101 mode |
[52] |
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2 |
15 |
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2.32 |
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TM110 dual-mode |
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(a) H-plane coupled |
(b) E-plane coupled waveguide |
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filter structures based on the |
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DRIE technology |
(c)elliptical cavities waveguide filter structure based on DRIE
(d)layered waveguide filter structure based on DRIE
Fig.5 THz waveguide filters based on the DRIE technology
5 DRIE
DRIE[17,43–47] H- E- 5 3
DRIE WR-2.2 WR-1.5DRIE [48–50] HONG W
Q —TM110 WR-2.2Q OBERHAMMER J[42,51,52] H- WR-30.02 dB/mm SOI DRIE WR-3Q Q 700 1.85% 400 GHz Q Q 786 1%
5 |
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774 |
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DRIE 500 GHz DRIECNC
(a)THz waveguide filter based on the UV LIGA technology
(d)THz waveguide filter based on the SiC via holes technology
(b) THz waveguide filters based |
(c) THz waveguide filter based on the |
on the laser micromachining |
GaAs based SIW technology |
and 3D-printing technologies |
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(e)THz waveguide filter based on the photolithography and electroplating technology
Fig.6 THz waveguide filters based on other micro processes
6
[53–60]
(Wet-etching) (Electroforming) (UV–LIGA) 3D SiC
4 6W- [53–56] W-3D (Substrate Integrated Waveguide SIW) [57] [58] (SiC) [59]SIW Q ( 130) (3 dB ) SiC185 GHz SIW [60] 2 287 GHzCPW SIW
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4 |
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Table4 Performance summary of terahertz waveguide filters based on other special technologies |
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working |
center |
3 dB |
filter |
RL/dB |
IL/dB |
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response |
TZs |
structure |
technologies |
Ref. |
band |
frequency/GHz |
FBW/(%) |
order |
|
type |
No. |
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94.0 |
1.3 |
2 |
15.0 |
1.75 |
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H-plane |
wet-etching |
[53] |
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90.0 |
20.0 |
10 |
15.0 |
0.40 |
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H-plane |
electroforming |
[54] |
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100.0 |
1.7 |
4 |
1.5 |
2.00 |
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Chebyshev |
— |
E-plane |
UV LIGA |
[55] |
W-band |
100.0 |
4.0 |
4 |
15.0 |
0.80 |
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— |
laser |
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[56] |
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micromachining |
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87.5 |
11.5 |
5 |
18.0 |
0.50 |
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— |
3D-printing |
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80.0 |
2.5 |
4 |
10.0 |
3.89 |
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1 |
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PCB-based |
[57] |
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93.0 |
3.4 |
4 |
13.5 |
4.30 |
quasi-elliptic |
2 |
SIW |
GaAs-based |
[58] |
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WR-5 |
185.0 |
9.7 |
4 |
10.0 |
1.55 |
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2 |
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SiC via-holes |
[59] |
WR-3 |
287.0 |
3.5 |
2 |
18.0 |
4.60 |
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Chebyshev |
— |
CPW |
photolithography |
[60] |
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and electroplating |
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3W- SIW
775 |
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5
CNC 400 GHz SU-8WR-3 WR-1.5 DRIE500 GHz
集成、可扩展性等多方向发展。
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