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History of Telecommunication

1. Слова к тексту.

associated [ə'səυʃɪeɪtɪd] a связанный; объединённый

beacon ['bi:kƽn] n маяк; сигнальная башня

breakthrough ['breɪkθru:] n прорыв, крупное достижение, открытие; шаг вперёд в какой-л. области

coded drumbeats ['kəυdɪd 'drʌmbi:t] n шифрованный барабанный бой conducting metal wire ['kɒndʌktɪŋ 'metl waɪə] проводящий ток

металлический провод

decade ['dekeɪd] n десятилетие developer [dɪ'veləpə] n разработчик device [dɪ'vaɪs] n устройство distance ['dɪstƽns] n расстояние

estimate ['estɪmət] n; ['estɪmeɪt] v оценка; оценивать expect [ɪk'spekt]v ожидать

explode into use [ɪk'spləυd 'ɪntυ ju:s] начать широко использоваться fiber optics ['faɪbə 'ɒptɪks] волоконная оптика

horn [hɔ:n] n рожок, рог; рупор

in the field of [ɪn ð ə fi:ld ɒv] в области include [ɪn'klu:d]v включать (в себя) inventor [ɪn'ventə] n изобретатель involve [ɪn'vɒlv] v вовлекать

loud whistle [laυd 'wɪsl] громкий свист means [mi:nz] n pl средство

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microwave communications ['maɪkrəweɪv kəmju:nɪ'keɪʃn] микроволновые телекоммуникации

notable ['nəυtəbl] a примечательный

on the floors of the ocean по дну океана heliograph ['hi:lɪəɡrɑ:f] n гелиограф

pioneering developments [paɪə'nɪrɪŋ dɪ'veləpmənts] первые разработки purpose ['pɜ:pəs] n цель, назначение

require [rɪ'kwaɪə] v требовать revenue ['revənju:] n годовой доход satellite ['sæt əlaɪt] n спутник

signal flag ['sɪɡnl flæ ɡ] сигнальный флаг significant [sɪɡ'nɪfɪkƽnt] a значительный smoke [sməυk] n дым

such as ['sʌtʃəs] такой как teletype ['telɪtaɪp] n телетайп push [pυʃ] n толчок

transmission [trænz'm ɪʃn] n передача via ['vaɪ ə] prep посредством, через visual ['vɪzυƽl] a визуальный

win the Nobel Prize in Physics получить Нобелевскую премию в области

физики

wireless radio communications беспроводные радио коммуникации

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2. Соотнесите слова.

3. Прочитайте текст Telecommunication и найдите

ответы на вопросы.

1.What was used as a means of telecommunication in earlier times?

2.Who and in what way contributed to the development of telecommunications?

3.What technologies are used in telecommunications nowadays?

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Telecommunication

1.Telecommunication is the transmission of information, over significant distances, for the purpose of communication. In earlier times, telecommunications involved the use of visual signals, such as beacons, smoke, semaphore telegraphs, signal flags, and optical heliographs, or audio messages via coded drumbeats, horns, or sent by loud whistles, for example. In the modern age of electricity and electronics, telecommunications now also includes the use of electrical devices such as telegraphs, telephones, and teletypes, the use of radio and microwave communications, as well as fiber optics and their associated electronics, plus the use of the orbiting satellites and the Internet.

2.The first breakthrough into modern electrical telecommunications came with the push to fully develop the telegraph starting in the 1830s. The use of these electrical means of communications exploded into use on all of the continents of the world during the 19th century, and these also connected the continents via cables on the floors of the ocean. The use of the first three popular systems of electrical telecommunications, the telegraph, telephone and teletype, all required the use of conducting metal wires.

3.A revolution in wireless telecommunications began in the first decade of the 20th century, with Guglielmo Marconi

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winning the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1909 for his pioneering developments in wireless radio communications. Other highly notable pioneering inventors and developers in the field of electrical and electronic telecommunications include Charles Wheatstone and Samuel Morse (telegraph), Alexander Graham Bell (telephone), Nikola Tesla, Edwin Armstrong, and Lee de Forest (radio), as well as John Logie Baird and Philo Farnsworth (television).

4. Telecommunications play an important role in the world economy and the worldwide telecommunication industry's revenue was estimated to be $3.85 trillion in 2008. The service revenue of the global telecommunications industry was estimated to be $1.7 trillion in 2008, and is expected to touch $2.7 trillion by 2013.

4.Ответьте на вопрос: What devices and technologies of telecommunication do you use in your everyday life?

Вразделе «Тексты для чтения» прочитайте «Mobile phones (1), (2)».

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What is Data Communications?

1. Слова к тексту.

accurate ['ækj υrət] a точный, правильный; тщательный add [æd] v прибавлять, присоединять

aim [eɪm] n цель, намерение

although [ɔ:l'ð əυ] cj хотя, если бы даже; несмотря на то, что as a rule [æz əru:l] как правило

become [bɪ'kʌm] v (became; become) становиться beyond [bɪ'jɒnd]adv вдали; на расстоянии

characteristic [kær ɪktə'rɪstɪk] n характерная черта; особенность, свойство chassis ['ʃæs ɪ] n (pl chassis ['ʃæs ɪz]) шасси; рама; ходовая часть

circuit ['sɜ:kɪt] n схема; округ circuit board ['sɜ:kɪt bɔ:d] плата

concern [kən'sɜ:n] v касаться, иметь отношение constitute ['kɒnstɪtju:t] v составлять

conductor [kən'dʌktə] n проводник copper ['kɒpə] n медь

data exchange ['deɪtə ɪks'tʃeɪndʒ] обмен данными destination [destɪ'neɪʃn] n место назначения difficult ['dɪfɪklt] a трудный; тяжёлый

digital ['dɪdʒɪtl] a цифровой direct [daɪ'rekt] a прямой distortion [dɪ'stɔ:ʃn] n искажение

enormous [ɪ'nɔ:məs] a громадный; огромный

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except for [ɪk'sept fɔ:] за исключением

exist [ɪɡ'zɪst] v существовать, быть

external [ɪk'stɜ:nl] a наружный, внешний

frequent ['fri:kwənt] a частый

IC сокр. от Integrated Circuit

inch [ɪntʃ] n дюйм (= 2,54 см)

increase n ['ɪŋkri:s] возрастание, рост; увеличение, прибавление;

v [ɪn'kri:s]возрастать, увеличивать(ся); расти; усиливать(ся) increasingly increasingly [ɪn'kri:sɪŋlɪ] adv всё больше и больше inversely inversely [ɪn'vɜ:slɪ] adv обратно; обратно пропорционально lose (lost, lost) v терять, лишаться; утрачивать

noise [nɔɪz] n шум

occur [ə'kɜ:] v случаться, происходить; встречаться, попадаться outside [aυt'saɪd] prep вне, за пределами

permissible permissible [pə'mɪsəbl] a позволительный, допустимый precaution [prɪ'kɔ:ʃn] n предосторожность; предостережение propagate ['prɒpəɡeɪt] v передаваться, распространять(ся)

result [rɪ'zʌlt] v следовать, происходить в результате, проистекать (from) severe [sɪ'vɪə] a строгий, суровый

source [sɔ:s] n начало, источник

think (thought, thought) [θɪŋk] v думать, обдумывать medium ['mi:dɪəm] n (pl -s [-z], -dia) средство, способ rate [reɪt] n темп; ход; скорость

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2. Соотнесите слова.

3.Переведите словосочетания.

main circuit board signal transmission local circuitry accurate transmission computer's circuitry

maximum permissible transmission rate other digital message source

signal power

at the lowest possible power the shape of the conductor through a transmission medium over such small distances

data exchange

a few thousandths of an inch

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4.Прочитайте и переведите текст.

1.The distance over which data moves within a computer may vary from a few thousandths of an inch, as is the case within a single IC chip, to as much as several feet along the backplane of the main circuit board. Over such small distances, digital data may be transmitted as direct, two-level electrical signals over simple copper conductors. Except for the fastest computers, circuit designers are not very concerned about the shape of the conductor or the analog characteristics of signal transmission.

2.Frequently, however, data must be sent beyond the local circuitry that constitutes a computer. In many cases, the distances involved may be enormous. Unfortunately, as the distance between the source of a message and its destination increases, accurate transmission becomes increasingly difficult. This results from the electrical distortion of signals traveling through long conductors, and from noise added to the signal as it propagates through a transmission medium. Although some precautions must be taken for data exchange within a computer, the biggest problems occur when data is transferred to devices outside the computer's circuitry. In this case, distortion and noise can become so severe that information is lost.

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3. Data Communications concerns the transmission of digital messages to devices external to the message source. "External" devices are generally thought of as being independently powered circuitry that exists beyond the chassis of a computer or other digital message source. As a rule, the maximum permissible transmission rate of a message is directly proportional to signal power and inversely proportional to channel noise. It is the aim of any communications system to provide the highest possible transmission rate at the lowest possible power and with the least possible noise. (Adopted from

www.camiresearch.com)

5.Заполните пропуски в предложениях подходящими по смыслу словами.

1.Digital data may be transmitted as direct, two-level electrical signals over simple ___________ conductors.

2.As the distance between the ____________ of a message and its destination increases, accurate

___________ becomes increasingly difficult.

3.Transmission difficulties result from the electrical

____________ of signals traveling through long conductors, and from ______________ added to the signal as it propagates through a transmission medium.

4.The maximum permissible transmission rate of a message is _______________ proportional to signal

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