6408
.pdfdrainage |
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осушение, дренаж |
vegetation |
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растительность |
to evaluate the impact on the local |
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оценивать воздействие на местную |
ecosystem |
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экосистему |
to study the site |
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исследовать/ изучать участок |
to prepare a preliminary design |
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подготавливать предварительный |
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проект |
to take into account |
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принимать во внимание |
needs of the client |
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потребности клиента |
conditions at the site |
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условия на участке |
to make changes |
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вносить изменения |
to approve a final design |
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одобрять окончательный вариант |
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проекта |
approval |
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одобрение |
State and Federal regulations |
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государственные и федеральные |
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нормы |
to protect wetlands or historic resources |
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охранять заболоченные земли и |
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исторические ресурсы |
computer-aided design and drafting |
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автоматизированное проектирование |
(CADD) |
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и изготовление чертежей |
essential tool |
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основной инструмент |
large scale site |
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крупный участок |
geographic information system (GIS) |
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геоинформационная система |
computer mapping system |
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система автоматизированного |
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картирования |
to complete the design |
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завершить проект |
proposal for the client |
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проект для клиента |
to produce a detailed plan |
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вырабатывать проект детальной |
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планировки |
written report |
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письменный отчёт |
sketch |
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эскиз, эскизный чертеж, чертёж |
model |
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макет, модель |
to conduct land-use studies |
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проводить функциональное |
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зонирование территории |
cost estimates |
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оценка расходов, предварительная |
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смета расходов |
to submit documents |
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представлять документы |
regulatory agencies |
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органы государственного |
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регулирования, разрешительные |
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органы |
working drawing |
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рабочий чертёж |
existing and proposed features |
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существующие и предполагаемые |
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детали |
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to outline |
обрисовать |
to draw up a list of necessary materials |
составлять перечень нужных |
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материалов |
Vocabulary Focus
3. Pair work. Match the words and phrases to their translation: a.
residential area |
автоматизированное проектирование |
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и изготовление чертежей |
functional and harmonious space |
принимать во внимание |
to blend in with the natural environment |
потребности клиента |
attractively designed garden |
условия на участке |
arrangement of flowers, shrubs, and |
жилой район, жилой квартал |
trees |
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to take into account |
функциональное и гармоничное |
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пространство |
needs of the client |
сочетаться, гармонировать с |
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природной средой |
computer-aided design and drafting |
привлекательно спроектированный |
(CADD) |
сад |
conditions at the site |
расположение цветов, кустов и |
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деревьев |
b. |
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to make changes |
вырабатывать проект детальной |
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планировки |
to draw up a list of necessary materials |
представлять документы |
to conduct land-use studies |
рассмотреть (обсудить) цель проекта |
location of roads and walkways |
подготавливать предварительный |
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проект |
existing and proposed features |
оценивать воздействие на местную |
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экосистему |
cost estimates |
вносить изменения |
to produce a detailed plan |
составлять перечень нужных |
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материалов |
to submit documents |
проводить функциональное |
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зонирование территории |
to consider the purpose of the project |
расположение дорог и пешеходных |
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дорожек |
to prepare a preliminary design |
существующие и предполагаемые |
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детали |
to evaluate the impact on the local |
оценка расходов, предварительная |
ecosystem |
смета расходов |
4. Group work. Look at the picture and think what you can speculate about the human activity depicted in the picture. Individually write down everything that you associate with this human activity. Then, share your ideas with your group. The following questions can be helpful:
1.What sphere of human activity is depicted in the picture? 2. What does this profession deal with and what do these
professionals do?
3.How does this activity influence people’s life?
5.Group work. Report your ideas to the class in order to put them on the board.
6.Structure the received information in the form of the “cluster” ( графическая организация материала, показывающая смысловые поля того или иного понятия):
7.Group work. Prepare a presentation about architecture and deliver the presentation to the class. Try to answer questions persisting in your own opinion.
III. Realization (Осмысление)
Reading
8.Read the text and find answers to the following questions:
1.What does a landscape architect do?
2.What areas does he/she design?
3.What are the stages of the project? Can you describe them?
9.Read the text and make marginal marks (пометки на полях):
√ - I knew it;
+ - New information;
- - The information contradicts my knowledge;
? - The information isn’t enough or understandable.
10. Get ready to answer the following questions after reading the text:
1.What did you know about architecture before reading the text?
2.What information did you find new reading the text?
3.What information contradicts your knowledge?
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4. What information isn’t enough or understandable for you?
Landscape architect’ job
Nature of the Work
People enjoy attractively designed gardens, public parks, residential areas, college campuses, shopping centers, and parkways. Landscape architects design these areas to make them not only functional but also beautiful and harmonious. These spaces should blend in with the natural environment. They plan the location of buildings, roads, and walkways, and the arrangement of flowers, shrubs, and trees.
In planning a site, landscape architects first consider the purpose of the project and the funds available. Then they analyze the natural elements of the site, such as the climate, soil, slope of the land, drainage, and vegetation. At all stages, they evaluate the project’s impact on the local ecosystem.
After studying and analyzing the site, landscape architects prepare a preliminary design. They take into account the needs of the client, the conditions at the site and they often make changes before a final design is approved. They also take into account local, State, or Federal regulations, protecting wetlands or historic resources. Nowadays, computer-aided design and drafting (CADD) is an essential tool in preparing designs for most landscape architects. For larger scale site planning, landscape architects also use geographic information systems (GIS) technology, a computer mapping system.
Once the design is complete, they prepare a proposal for the client. They produce detailed plans of the site, including written reports, sketches, models, photographs, land-use studies, and cost estimates. They submit them to the client and regulatory agencies for approval. When the plans are approved, landscape architects prepare working drawings showing all existing and proposed features. They also outline in detail the methods of construction and draw up a list of necessary materials.
11.Individual work. Read the text again and fill in the “marginal chart”:
√ |
+ |
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- |
? |
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I knew that |
I didn’t know that |
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The information |
The information |
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about … contradicts |
about … isn’t |
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my knowledge |
enough or |
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because … |
understandable for |
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me, because … |
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Vocabulary Focus |
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12. Pair work. Match the words from two columns to create a phrase and make sentences to use them in the text entitled “My conc ept of landscape architect’s job”. Share your ideas with the partner.
to make |
the project’s impact on the local |
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ecosystem |
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to blend in |
a preliminary design |
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to plan |
the needs of the client |
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to consider |
detailed plans of the site |
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to analyze |
areas |
functional, |
beautiful |
and |
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harmonious |
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to evaluate |
with the natural environment |
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to prepare |
the location of buildings, roads, and |
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walkways and arrangement of plants |
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to take into account |
the purpose of the project |
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to produce |
the natural elements of the site |
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Reflection (Рефлексия) Listening & Speaking
13. Prepare a presentation about landscape architect’s job according to the text and deliver your presentation to the class.
Unit 10
Hyde Park
Warming up (Разминка)
1. Group work. Reflect on the following proverb about the master hand(мастер, специалист), interpret it and share your ideas with the class. Get ready to discuss
different points of view answering questions and persisting in your own opinion. The following lexis can be helpful:
“Experience is the best teacher”.
to gain experience |
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приобретать опыт |
to know by experience, to know from |
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знать что-л. по опыту |
experience |
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to learn by experience |
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учиться на опыте; узнать по опыту |
great/broad experience, wide experience |
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большой опыт |
learning experience |
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учебный опыт |
practical experience |
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практический опыт |
from personal experience |
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по личному опыту |
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to learn at first hand |
убедиться на личном опыте |
to draw on somebody’s experience |
использовать чей-либо опыт |
bitter experience |
горький опыт |
Evocation (Вызов)
2. Read the following terms and phrases, mind their pronunciation:
blooming garden |
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цветущий сад |
to walk among old trees |
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гулять среди старых деревьев |
to admire flowers |
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любоваться цветами |
horse-riding |
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катание на лошадях |
property |
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собственность |
glorious Royal park |
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знаменитый королевский парк |
neighbouring |
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соседний, примыкающий |
to provide greenery, sports facilities |
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обеспечивать зелёным пространством, |
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спортивными сооружениями |
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(спортивным инвентарём) |
green lung |
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зелёное легкое |
to be connected to each other |
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быть связанным друг с другом |
Speakers' Corner |
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уголок для ораторов |
to confiscate from monks |
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конфисковать у монахов |
primarily for hunting |
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первоначально для охоты |
current park layout |
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нынешняя планировка парка |
to boast |
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гордиться хвастаться, быть |
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счастливым обладателем |
plenty of monuments and memorials |
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множество памятников и |
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мемориальных сооружений |
to explore the park |
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осматривать/ изучать парк |
The Serpentine |
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Серпантин (извилистая дорога) |
artificial lake |
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искусственное озеро, искусственный |
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водоём |
to extend northwards |
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тянуться в северном направлении |
to install a memorial/ a statue |
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устанавливать памятник, статую |
similar to |
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похожий на |
boating |
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прогулки на лодках |
artificial stream |
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искусственный ручей /поток |
to inaugurate |
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торжественно открывать |
computer modeling techniques |
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приёмы компьютерного |
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моделирования |
circular fountain |
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кругообразный/ циркулярный фонтан |
Cornish granite |
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корнуоллский гранит |
to flow from two sides |
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проистекать с 2-х сторон |
small pool |
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маленький прудок / заводь |
to establish Speakers' Corner |
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создавать уголок для ораторов |
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to create a venue |
создать место проведения |
to proclaim views on |
провозглашать взгляды на |
to honor the Duke of Wellington |
воздать хвалу герцогу |
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Веллингтонскому |
victor over Napoleon's army |
победитель наполеоновской армии |
to cast cannons |
отливать пушки |
to capture from |
захватить у |
nude |
нагой |
to be true to one’s reputation |
быть верным своей репутации |
prudish |
благонравный |
to force |
принуждать, заставлять, вынуждать |
fig leaf |
фиговый лист |
prudish |
благонравный |
ridiculous appearance |
смехотворный внешность, вид |
grassy areas |
травяная площадка |
dotted with trees |
усеянные деревьями |
flowerbed |
клумба, цветник |
an exception |
исключение |
southeast corner |
юго-восточный угол |
winding pergola |
спиральная беседка из вьющихся |
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растений |
The Artemis Fountain |
Фонтан Артемиды |
the Greek goddess |
греческая богиня |
to place |
расположить |
sunken Victorian garden |
погружённый в воду викторианский |
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сад |
bronze sculpture |
бронзовая скульптура |
to float over the circular basin |
плыть над круговым бассейном |
to hover over the water |
парить над водой |
notable/worthwhile place |
достопримечательное/ стоящее место |
entertainment |
развлечение |
to entertain |
развлекать |
path for pedestrians |
тропинка, дорожка для пешеходов |
isolated |
разрозненный, изолированный |
to arrange a date |
назначить свидание |
squirrel |
белка |
to scamper and look into one’s pockets |
носиться и заглядывать в карманы |
seeds and nuts |
семечки и орехи |
lily-of-the-valley |
ландыш |
to blossom |
цвести, распускаться |
Vocabulary Focus
3. Match the words and phrases to their translation:
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a.
blooming garden |
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знаменитый королевский парк |
to walk among old trees |
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соседний, примыкающий парк |
to relax and admire flowers |
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зелёное легкое |
horse-riding |
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быть связанным друг с другом |
the property of the Royal family |
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семечки и орехи |
glorious Royal Park |
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гулять среди старых деревьев |
neighbouring park |
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отдыхать и любоваться цветами |
green lung |
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катание на лошадях |
to be connected to each other |
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собственность королевской семьи |
seeds and nuts |
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цветущий сад |
b. |
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current park layout |
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тянуться в северном направлении |
to boast |
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искусственный ручей /поток |
plenty of monuments and memorials |
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кругообразный/ циркулярный фонтан |
to explore the park |
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быть похожим на |
artificial lake |
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цвести, распускаться |
to extend northwards |
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гордиться хвастаться, быть |
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счастливым обладателем |
to install a memorial |
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множество памятников и |
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мемориальных сооружений |
circular fountain |
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осматривать/ изучать парк |
to be similar to |
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похожий на |
artificial stream |
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устанавливать памятник |
to blossom |
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нынешняя планировка парка |
c. |
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to inaugurate |
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воздать хвалу герцогу |
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Веллингтонскому |
flow from two sides |
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ландыш |
small pool |
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быть верным своей репутации |
speak freely |
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открытые травяные площадки |
to proclaim views on |
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торжественно открывать |
to honor the Duke of Wellington |
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проистекать с 2-х сторон |
to capture from |
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маленький прудок / заводь |
to be true to one’s reputation |
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свободно высказываться |
open grassy areas |
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провозглашать взгляды на |
lily-of-the-valley |
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захватить у |
d. |
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dotted with trees |
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будто бы танцующие и держащие |
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друг друга за руки |
winding pergola |
парить над водой |
the Greek goddess |
достопримечательное/ стоящее место |
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для посещения |
sunken Victorian garden |
развлечение |
bronze sculpture |
тропинка, дорожка для пешеходов |
to float over the circular basin |
усеянные деревьями |
seemingly dancing and holding each |
спиральная беседка из вьющихся |
others' arms |
растений |
to hover over the water |
греческая богиня |
a notable/worthwhile place |
погружённый в воду викторианский |
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сад |
entertainment |
бронзовая скульптура |
path for pedestrians |
плыть над круговым бассейном |
4. Group work. Look at the picture and think what you can speculate about the place depicted in the picture. Individually write down everything that you associate with this place. Then, share your ideas with your group.
The following questions can be helpful:
1.What place is depicted in the picture?
2.Where is it located?
3.Can you describe it? What are special features of this place?
4.What was it designed for?
5.Group work. Report your ideas to the class in order to put them on the board.
6.Structure the received information in the form of the “cluster” ( графическая организация материала, показывающая смысловые поля того или иного понятия):
7.Read the text once again and make marginal marks (пометки на полях):
√ - I knew it;
+ - New information;
- - The information contradicts my knowledge;
? - The information isn’t enough or understandable.
8. Get ready to answer the following questions after reading the text:
1.What did you know about Hyde Park before reading the text?
2.What information did you find new reading the text?
69
3.What information contradicts your knowledge?
4.What information isn’t enough or understandable for you?
Hyde Park
London is one the greenest capital cities in the world. There are many beautiful parks and blooming gardens. You can spend the whole day in the country without leaving London. London parks are full of trees, grass, flowers and water. You can walk among old trees, relax and admire flowers or take part in many
activities such as tennis, swimming and horse-riding. The Royal parks are the property of the Royal family. In central London they include Hyde Park, Green Park, St James’s park, Regent’s Park and Kensington ’s Gardens.
Hyde Park is one of the glorious Royal Parks in London. Together with its neighbouring parks, Kensington Gardens and St. James' Park, Hyde Park provides greenery, sports facilities, plants, trees, flowers, birds and space for Londoners and visitors to London. Hyde Park is the largest of several royal parks in London that are connected to each other, forming one large green lung in the center of the city. The park is famous for its Speakers' Corner.
In 1536 King Henry VIII confiscated Hyde Park from the monks of Westminster Abbey. It was used primarily for hunting. King Charles I opened the park to the public in 1637. The current park layout was planned by architect Decimus Burton in 1825.
Hyde Park boasts plenty of monuments, memorials and other sights, and you can easily spend several hours exploring the park.
The Serpentine
The Serpentine, a large artificial lake, is located at the south end of the park and extends northwards into the neighboring Kensington Gardens, where it is called Long Water. Queen Caroline, wife of King George II had the lake constructed in 1730. It is popular for boating and swimming.
Diana Memorial Fountain
Just southwest of the Serpentine is a memorial installed in honor of Princess Diana. The modern fountain, which is similar to an artificial stream, was inaugurated in 2004 by Queen Elizabeth II.
The memorial was designed by the American landscape architect Kathryn Gustafson, using computer modeling techniques. The circular fountain consists of 545 pieces of Cornish granite. Water flows from two sides at the top into a small pool at the bottom.
Speakers' Corner
In the nineteenth century Hyde Park had become a popular place for meetings. In 1872, in response to riots that erupted after police tried to break up a political meeting, Speakers' Corner was established to create a venue where people could speak freely. Here, every Sunday people stand on a soap box and proclaim their
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