книги / Чтение и перевод юридических текстов

tually relented and the couple began dating later that summer, and then became engaged in 1991. After the marriage they moved to Kenwood, on Chicago's South Side, and had two daughters, Malia and Sasha. Barack Obama published his autobiography in 1995 Dreams From My Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance. The work received high praise from literary figures such as Toni Morrison and has since been printed in 10 languages. His second book The Audacity of Hope: Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream, was published in October 2006. The work discussed Obama's visions for the future of America, many of which became talking points for his eventual presidential campaign. Shortly after its release, it hit No. 1 on both the New York Times and Amazon.com bestsellers lists. As he described in The Audacity of Hope, Barack Obama is a Christian whose religious views developed in his adult life. He wrote that he "was not raised in a religious household".

He described his mother, raised by non-religious parents, to be detached from religion, yet "in many ways the most spiritually awakened person that I have ever known". He described his father as "raised a Muslim", but a "confirmed atheist" by the time his parents met, and his stepfather as "a man who saw religion as not particularly useful". Obama explained how, through working with black churches as a community organizer while in his twenties, he came to understand "the power of the African-American religious tradition to spur social change".

Obama was elected to the Illinois Senate in 1996, succeeding State Senator Alice Palmer as Senator from Illinois's 13th District, which at that time spanned Chicago South Side neighborhoods from Hyde Park – Kenwood south to South Shore and west to Chicago Lawn. In the Illinois State Senate, Barack Obama worked with both Democrats and Republicans to help working families get ahead by creating programs like the state Earned Income Tax Credit, which in three years provided over $100 million in tax cuts to families across the state. He also pushed through an expansion of early childhood education, and after a number of inmates on death row were found innocent, Senator Obama worked with law enforcement officials to require the videotaping of interrogations and confessions in all capital cases.

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In May 2002, Obama commissioned a poll to assess his prospects in a 2004 U.S. Senate race; he created a campaign committee, began raising funds and lined up political media consultant David Axelrod by August 2002, and formally announced his candidacy in January 2003. In the 2004 Democratic primary, he won 52 percent of the vote, defeating multimillionaire businessman Blair Hull and Illinois Comptroller Daniel Hynes.

That summer, Obama was invited to deliver the keynote speech in support of John Kerry at the 2004 Democratic National Convention in Boston. Obama emphasized the importance of unity, and made veiled jabs at the Bush administration and the diversionary use of wedge issues. Sworn into office January 4, 2005, Obama partnered with Republican Senator Richard Lugar of Indiana on a bill that expanded efforts to destroy weapons of mass destruction in Eastern Europe and Russia.

In the U.S. Senate, Barack Obama focused on tackling the challenges of a globalized, 21st century world with fresh thinking and a politics that no longer settles for the lowest common denominator. His first law was passed with Republican Tom Coburn, a measure to rebuild trust in government by allowing every American to go online and see how and where every dime of their tax dollars is spent. He was also the lead voice in championing ethics reform that would root out Jack Abramoff-style corruption in Congress.

In February 2007, Obama made headlines when he announced his candidacy for the 2008 Democratic presidential nomination. Up against McCain and formidable Hillary Clinton before that, Barack Obama faced steep odds in his bid to become this nation's chief executive. But Barack Obama persevered on the strength of many strong state election finishes and record levels of financial support. On January 20, 2009, Obama became the 44th president of the United States, and the first African-American to hold this office. During his inauguration speech, Obama summarized the state of the nation by saying, "Today I say to you that the challenges we face are real. They are serious and they are many. They will not be met easily or in a short span of time. But know this, America: They will be met."

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As President of the United States, Barack Obama signed economic stimulus legislation in the form of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act in February 2009 and the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010 in December 2010. Other domestic policy initiatives include the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010. In foreign policy, Obama gradually withdrew combat troops from Iraq, increased troop levels in Afghanistan, and signed an arms control treaty with Russia. In October 2009, Obama was named the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate.

On Tuesday, November 6, 2012, President Barack Obama and Vice President Joe Biden defeated former Mass. Gov. Mitt Romney and Republican Vice-Presidential candidate Paul Ryan, Wis. U.S. Rep., to win reelection for a second four-year term. Obama won 332 electoral votes to Romney’s 206, with the state of Colorado's nine electoral votes clinching the victory on election night by putting the President's total over 270. With close to 63.5 million votes, Obama also won the popular vote by nearly three percentage points. While his margin of victory narrowed from 2008, when he defeated US Sen. John McCain, he is the first President since Ronald Reagan to win the popular vote in two Presidential elections and the first Democrat since Franklin D. Roosevelt to do so.

The election was declared for Obama by television networks shortly after 11 p.m. on election night. Romney conceded about 2 hours later. Obama’s success was notable among women, minority voters, younger voters and less affluent voters. His campaign highlighted such areas as the rescue of the automobile industry, popular provisions of healthcare reform, women’s equality in the workplace, the death of Al Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden by US Seal forces, student loan and immigration reforms, Wall Street regulations and a proposal for returning top-end marginal tax rates to their levels in the 1990s in order to improve the country’s fiscal outlook.

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УСЛОВНО-РЕЧЕВЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

ВДИАЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ РЕЧЕВОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ

1.Прочитайте текст и сформулируйте его тему.

2.Прочитайте текст и выделите в каждом абзаце новую информацию по теме, запишите ее в виде ключевых слов и словосочетаний.

3.Изучите информацию о биографических данных известного юриста, составьте план вашего выступления.

4.Прочитайте текст и найдите в нем информацию для подтверждения положения о том, что данный президент внес свой весомый вклад в усовершенствование правового законодательства и юриспруденции в целом.

5.Прочитайте текст и подготовьте различные вопросы о жизни

идеятельностиюриста.

РЕЧЕВЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

ВДИАЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ РЕЧЕВОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ

1.Используйте ключевыеслова и задайте партнерамвопросы.

2.Прослушайте вопрос партнера и выразите вашу точку зрения, используя речевые клише типа: In my opinion; It seems to me that; From my point of view; I think; I should say that… и др.

Образец:

St. 1: What influenced his character?

St. 2: He spent his early years working hard in the farm.

From my point of view it made him strong physically and mentally.

1)Where did he study?

2)What do you know about his education?

3)Where did he begin to work?

4)What do you know about his family?

5)What events influenced his career?

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3. Продолжите высказывание вашего партнера, используя данные союзы-связки и слова и словосочетания, свойственные типу речи «рассуждение»:

4.Просмотрите каждый абзац текста и постройте как можно больше простых предложений, например:

1) Barack Obama is the 44th President of the United States of America.

2) Obama previously served as a United States Senator from Illinois. 3) Barack Hussein Obama was born on August 4, 1961, in Honolulu. 4) Obama enrolled in the esteemed Punahou Academy и т.д.

5.Используя информацию из текста, подготовьте краткое сообщение, повествующее об основных событиях в жизни известного юриста.

6.Используя информацию из текста, подготовьте краткое сообщение, описывающие вклад юриста в юриспруденцию и законодательство.

7.Используя информацию из текста, подготовьте краткое сообщение-рассуждение, доказывающее роль данного деятеля в сфере юриспруденции.

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КОММУНИКАТИВНО-РЕЧЕВЫЕ СИТУАТИВНО-ОБУСЛОВЛЕННЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

ВДИАЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ РЕЧЕВОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ

1.Как участник обсуждения «За круглым столом» выступите

ссообщением о выдающемся юристе.

2.Выступите в дискуссии с рассуждением-доказательством тезиса ободном из выдающихся деятелей в сфереюриспруденции.

3.Участвуйте в диалоге с обсуждением достижений в профессиональной сфере выдающихся юристов. Выслушайте мнение партнера об известном ему юристе, его успехах в юриспруденции и вкладе в правовую, политическую системы. Сделайте заключение о том, какими качествами должен обладать человек, чтобы преуспеть в своей профессии.

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СПИСОК ЭЛЕКТРОННЫХ ИСТОЧНИКОВ

1.Зельцер Эммануил // Новостной сайт LENTA.RU. – URL: http://lenta.ru/lib/14188337.

2.Сайт Peoples.ru. – URL: http://www.peoples.ru/state/lawyers.

3.Миллз Дэвид // Новостной сайт LENTA.RU. – URL: http://lenta.ru/lib/14172678.

4.Мечислав Козловский // Сайт Peoples.ru. – URL: http://www.peoples.ru/state/lawyers/mechislav_kozlovsky.

5.Локиер Билл // Новостной сайт LENTA.RU. – URL: http://lenta.ru/lib/14166977.

6.Муравьев Николай Константинович // Сайт Хронос. – URL: http://www.hrono.ru/biograf/muravev_nk.html.

7.Bill Clinton's Life // Сайт Наэкзамен.ru. – URL: http://naexamen.ru/english/famous/sbsh_6rm.shtml.

8.Маклаков Василий Алексеевич // Русский биографиче-

ский словарь. – URL: http://www.rulex.ru/01130075.htm.

9.Федор Плевако // Сайт Peoples.ru. – URL: http://www.peoples.ru/state/lawyers/plevako.

10.Майкл Баден // Сайт Peoples.ru. – URL: http://www.peoples.ru/state/lawyers/michael_baden.

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