книги / Обучение диалогической речи на английском языке
..pdfWhat are we discussing here? |
О чём идёт речь? |
We are discussing/ |
Речь идёт о… |
it is a question of |
|
What I have in mind |
Имеется в виду |
Before talking about |
Прежде чем говорить |
First of all |
Прежде всего |
In order to answer this question |
Чтобы ответить на этот вопрос, |
it is necessary first of all |
нужно вначале более ясно |
to define more clearly what |
определить, что мы понимаем |
is meant by… |
под (чем)… |
In discussions of recent |
В дискуссиях последних лет |
years the question of… |
нередко ставят вопрос о… |
has often been raised |
|
As far as something |
Что касается (чего)… |
is concerned |
Я хочу обратить внимание |
I should like to draw atten- |
|
tion to… |
на (что) |
The question concerns… |
Вопрос состоит в том, что… |
Talking about |
Говоря о… |
Let's leave this issue |
Оставим этот вопрос в покое и |
and turn our attention to … |
обратим внимание на (что)… |
At first sight |
С первого взгляда |
At first sight |
На первый взгляд |
Of course one must bear |
Конечно, при этом нужно иметь |
in mind |
в виду |
20. Выражение собственного мнения
In my opinion
In the opinion of someone In my opinion
It seems to me that From my point of view In someone's words
По-моему, по моему мнению… По мнению кого-либо… На мой взгляд… Мне кажется, что… С моей точки зрения… По словам
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Allegedly, supposedly |
Якобы |
Allegedly, supposedly |
Будто бы |
I have formed the impression |
У меня сложилось впечатление, |
that |
что… |
I have come to the conclusion |
Я пришла к выводу/ |
that |
заключению, что… |
I have come to the conclusion |
Я сделал вывод, что… |
that |
|
It has occurred to me that |
Мне пришло в голову, что … |
I think |
Мне думается … |
I am firmly convinced that… |
Я сильно убеждён, что … |
I should say that… |
Я бы сказала, что … |
21. Выражение мнения других людей |
|
It is rumored |
По слухам |
It is reported |
По сообщению |
It is reported |
Сообщается/сообщено |
It is said that |
Говорят, что … |
It is considered that |
Считается/считают, что … |
It is thought that |
Думают, что … |
As we all know |
Как известно |
In the opinion of many |
По мнению многих |
From the point of view |
С точки зрения /кого, чего/ |
of someone/something |
|
According to the evidence |
По имеющимся данным |
As TASS reports |
Как отмечалось в сообщении |
The article poses/ examines/ |
ТАСС |
В статье ставятся/ рассматрива- |
|
raises the following |
ются/ поднимаются следующие |
questions |
вопросы |
The author of the article |
Автор статьи придерживается |
holds the view that |
мнения, что… |
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There is another point of |
Существует иная точка зрения, |
view according to which |
по/согласно которой… |
It is suggested that |
Полагается/полагают, что … |
Some say,... others argue... |
Одни говорят, ... другие |
|
рассуждают... |
The author expresses |
Автор высказывает/выражает |
the opinion that |
мнение, что… |
22. Выражение спорного суждения
It is a mistakes to think
On the one hand...on the other hand
Pros and cons Advantages and disadvantages
In favour of something
Ошибочно думать С одной стороны... с другой стороны За и против
Преимущества и недостатки
В пользу чего-либо
23.Выражение уверенности в чем-либо
Of course |
Конечно |
In actual fact |
В действительности |
Actually |
Фактически |
Indeed |
В самом деле |
Unarguably |
На самом деле |
Understandably |
Бесспорно |
Without doubt |
Бесспорно |
Without doubt |
Понятно |
Without doubt |
Несомненно |
Without doubt |
Безусловно |
Without doubt |
Без сомнения |
Obviously |
Разумеется |
It goes without saying |
Само собой разумеется |
It is generally accepted that |
Общепризнано, что … |
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It is an undeniable fact that
It can be stated with confidence
It has already become commonplace to assert that
Неоспоримым фактом является то, что… Можно с уверенностью утверждать Уже стало обычным делом утверждать, что
24. Выражение неуверенности в чем-либо
Must be, probably |
Должно быть |
Probably |
Вероятно |
In all probability |
По всей вероятности |
Apparently |
Кажется |
Evidently |
Видно |
Surely |
Верно |
Let us assume |
Допустим |
Let us suppose |
Предположим |
25. Выражение эмоционального отношения
Unfortunately
Unfortunately
Fortunately
To [someone's] joy
To my, her, etc satisfaction To [someone's] surprise To [someone's] shame
Ксожалению
Ксчастью
Кнесчастью
Крадости
Кмоему, её, удовольствию
Кудивлению
Кстыду
26. Выражениевзаимосвязиспредыдущимимыслями
Consequently |
Следовательно |
And so |
Итак |
Just as I thought |
Так и есть |
For example |
Например |
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In such a way |
Таким образом |
As for |
Что касается |
As regards |
Относительно |
Besides |
Впрочем |
By the way |
Кстати |
By the way |
Между прочим |
On the contrary |
Наоборот |
On the contrary |
Напротив |
In the main |
Главным образом |
They say |
Дескать |
They say |
Мол |
27. Выражение последовательности мыслей. |
|
Firstly |
Во-первых |
At first |
Сначала |
Secondly |
Во-вторых |
Thirdly |
В-третьих |
Finally |
Наконец |
In the final analysis |
В конце концов |
In the final analysis |
В конечном счёте |
From what has been said |
Из всего сказанного вытекает, |
it follows that |
что |
As a consequence of this |
Вследствие этого |
It is no accident that |
Не случайно, что |
As a result of this |
В результате этого |
Considering that which |
Учитывая то, что |
For the simple reason that |
По той простой причине |
28. Союзы-связки |
|
Because |
Потому что |
Since |
Так как |
On account of the fact that |
Из-за того, что |
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For
Owing to a given fact
As a consequence of which In view of the fact that Thanks to the fact that
In order that with past tense In order to with infinitive
For the purpose of/in order to Before
While
At the same time Whereas
Before
After
Since
While
Until
As soon as Although
29. Выяснение причины
For obvious reasons If we judge by Analyzing the reasons Leaving aside
What are the reasons
30. Выражение сомнения
Ибо Оттого что
Вследствие того, что Ввиду того, что Благодаря тому, что Чтобы Чтобы
Для того, чтобы Перед тем, как
Вто время, как
Вто же самое время Между тем, как До того, как После того, как С тех пор, как Пока Пока не Как только Хотя
По очевидным причинам Если судить по Анализируя причины Не говоря уже о В чём причины?
The pity is that |
Беда в том, что |
One cannot help being |
Нельзя не тревожиться |
concerned |
|
Unfortunately |
К сожалению |
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31. Выражение обобщения |
|
All in all |
В общем и целом |
In sum |
В общей сложности |
In general |
В общих чертах |
Mainly |
Главным образом |
In general |
Вообще говоря |
Mainly |
Большей частью |
Nevertheless |
Тем не менее |
At least |
По крайней мере |
32. Выводы |
|
In the final analysis |
В конечном счёте |
In conclusion |
В заключение |
Only one conclusion can |
Можно сделать только |
be drawn |
один вывод |
To arrive at a conclusion |
Прийти к выводу, заключению |
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ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 3 ТЕКСТЫ ДЛЯ ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНОГО ЧТЕНИЯ
Supplementary reading
How to Become a Lawyer in the United States
Do you want to become a lawyer? This is often one of the most difficult professions to enter due to the high competition and time required obtaining degrees, but it can be one of the most rewarding (and high-paying!) jobs out there. Here are the steps you need to take in order to become a lawyer in the United States.
Part 1 of 5: Succeeding in High School and College
1.
Develop good study habits in high school. The path to becoming a lawyer is a long and competitive one, so it's a good idea to start with your best foot forward as soon as possible. The better your grades are in high school, the better you'll be set up for the rest of your life.
The goal after high school is getting into the best possible undergraduate school. After that, you can get into the best possible law school. Getting a job in this field will be a lot easier with good grades and the name of good schools under your belt, so hit those books! It may not feel like it's paying off, but it will in the long run.
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2.
Participate in your high-school debate or mock trial team.
This will help you develop skills that are essential to a career as a lawyer. You'll be able to find out if your personality fits the mold and if this is the right track for you. It'll also jump start your high school résumé!
Keep in mind that most lawyers don't spend a lot of time in the courtroom. Life isn't an episode of Law & Order, unfortunately. When you're debating (or even studying most of the subjects you'll study), it's not to prepare you to be a hard-hitting inquisitor. It's to help you find flaws in arguments, determine between opinions and facts, and think on your feet.
3.
Go to a 4-year undergraduate college. Every law school will require you to have an undergraduate degree – preferably from a reputable university. While you by no means have to be pre-law, it's a good idea to study English, public speaking, government, history, philosophy, economics, and mathematics.
While you're here, take advantage of all the resources you have at your disposal. Pad your résumé as much as possible. Do volunteer work. Affiliate yourself with campus politics. Run for student government and be the president of an upstanding organization, all while holding down a steady job. The more you can handle right now, the less the woes of law school will surprise you. And the better you'll look on paper!
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4.
Maintain a high GPA. A minimum 3.0 GPA will be required for almost every law school in the country, but for the record, that's probably not good enough. You'll want the highest GPA possible to get good financial aid and get into a stellar law school. If you're serious about becoming a lawyer, partying away your college years isn't a viable option. Most colleges don't factor your particular major into the application, so choosing a very difficult subject may come at a disadvantage since your GPA might suffer. The exception is for those interested in Intellectually Property law. To sit for the Patent Bar (which is required in addition to the Bar) you will need a degree in a technical science or math. (Think biology, chemistry, electrical engineering, computer science, etc.).
5.
Become familiar and cordial with a professor or two. You will need their letter of recommendations for law school. Do well in their classes and be an engaging student. This will be easier with smaller classes and can be focused on in the latter half of your undergrad career.
Really, "become familiar and cordial with a professor or two" is code for "network with as many people as possible." Rising up the law ladder is going to be a lot easier if you get in good with influential people. A lot of this will be about who you know, in addition to what you know.
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