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Listening for details

Fig. 4

2.You are going to listen to the podcast about the stages of the biotechnology history. Before listening match the words in the box to the photographs above.

Frankenfood

Fermentation

Antibiotic

Environmental friendly bacteria/oil spills

Cloning

3. Match the words from the box with their definitions.

They are used to prevent and treat diseases, especially those caused by bacteria.

They convert crude oil and gasoline into non-toxic substances such as carbon dioxide, water and oxygen and help create a cleaner, healthier environment.

GM food has even been called so in the press, a term inspired by the novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley.

Creating a copy of another person.

The yeast multiplies as it eats the sugars in the mixture and turns them into alcohol and CO2.

WHILE LISTENING

4. Listen to the podcast and check your answers to exercise 3. https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/magazine-articles/biotechnology

5. Listen again and circle the correct word in these sentences. a) Beer, bread and cheese / cookies are all produced using biotechnology.

b) The food and drink above are all produced by the fermentation of microorganisms/ micro-creatures.

11

c)The first antibiotic was made in China / Greece in about 500BC.

d)In 1928 / 1958 Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin and it was considered a medical miracle.

e)Our modern consumer society produces a lot of waste / rubbish which needs to be disposed of safely and without harmful end products.

f)They convert crude oil and gasoline / biogas into non-toxic substances.

g)The genetic modification of plants / animals and crops has been in practice for many years.

h)The European parliament, UNESCO and WHO all declared that human cloning is both morally and legally wrong / right.

6. List history steps in time order.

Topic Biotech History

First

Next

Next

Next

Last

Rate

AFTER LISTENING

7.Choose one of the questions below to talk about.

1.What is the most interesting fact about biotech history?

2.Can you describe any biotechnological discovery?

8.Work with a partner who has chosen a different question. Take turns to tell your partner the answer to the question you have chosen. Ask fol- low-up questions.

Predict

PREPARING TO READ

1.Before you read look at the words in the box and predict which terms refer to the biotechnological branches.

12

bioremediation

biofuel

green biotechnology

bioleaching

white biotechnology

bioinformatics

bioeconomics

 

blue biotechnology

 

BIOLOGICAL WEAPON

 

Biogas

 

RED BIOTECHNOLOGY

 

 

 

 

 

2. Read the text and check your answers to exercise 1.

 

BIOTECHNOLOGY BRANCHES

 

 

 

 

 

Biotechnology has applications in

ed with these molecules, on a large

four major industrial areas, including

scale."[16] Bioinformatics plays

a

key

health care (medical), crop production

role in various areas, such as functional

and agriculture, non food (industrial)

genomics, structural

genomics,

and

uses of crops and other products

proteomics, and forms a key compo-

(e.g. biodegradable

plastics, vegetable

nent in the biotechnology and phar-

oil, biofuels), and environmental uses.

maceutical sector.

 

 

 

For example, one application of bio-

 

Blue biotechnology is a term that

technology is the directed use of organ-

 

has been used to describe the ma-

isms for the manufacture of organic

 

rine and aquatic applications of bi-

products (examples include beer and

 

otechnology, but its use is relative-

milk products). Another example is us-

 

ly rare.

 

 

 

 

 

ing naturally present bacteria by the

 

Green biotechnology is biotechnol-

mining industry in bioleaching. Biotech-

 

ogy applied to agricultural process-

nology is also used to recycle, treat

 

es. An example would be the selec-

waste, cleanup sites contaminated by

 

tion and domestication of plants

industrial activities

(bioremediation),

 

via micropropagation. Another

ex-

and also to produce biological weapons.

 

ample is the designing of transgenic

A series of derived terms have been

 

plants to grow under specific envi-

coined to identify several branches of

 

ronments in the presence (or ab-

biotechnology; for example:

 

sence) of chemicals. One hope is

Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary

 

that green

biotechnology

might

field which addresses biological prob-

 

produce

more

environmentally

lems using computational techniques,

 

friendly

solutions

than tradition-

and makes the rapid organization as

 

al industrial agriculture. An example

well as analysis of biological data pos-

 

of this is the engineering of a plant

sible. The field may also be referred to

 

to express a pesticide, thereby end-

as computational biology, and can be

 

ing the need of external application

defined as, "conceptualizing biology in

 

of pesticides. An example of this

terms of molecules and then applying

 

would be Bt corn. Whether or not

informatics techniques to understand

 

green biotechnology products such

and organize the information associat-

 

as this

are

ultimately more envi-

 

 

13

 

 

 

 

 

 

ronmentally friendly is a topic of considerable debate.

Red biotechnology is applied to medical processes. Some examples are the designing of organisms to produce antibiotics, and the engineering of genetic cures through genetic manipulation.

White biotechnology, also known as industrial biotechnology, is biotechnology applied to industrial processes. An example is the designing

of an organism to produce a useful chemical. Another example is the using of enzymes as industrial catalysts to either produce valuable chemicals or destroy hazardous/polluting chemicals. White biotechnology tends to consume less in resources than traditional processes used to produce industrial goods.]

The investment and economic output of all of these types of applied biotechnologies is termed as "bioeconomy".

Biotechnology.” Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia.

Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 12th March 2016. Web. 18th March 2016.

< https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnology>

Classify

WHILE READING

3. Read the text and fill in the cluster (Fig. 5).

Application

Application

Application

Application

Branch

Branch

 

Biotech branches

Branch

Branch

Application

Application

Application

Application

Fig. 5

14

AFTER READING

Remember

Evaluate

4.In the text there is little information about blue biotechnology. Write questions that you could ask to obtain more facts about this branch. Discuss the questions with your partner.

5.Work in small groups. Discuss what the commercial applications of the biotech research might be.

6.Discuss with your partner which branch is the most essential. Why?

CRITICAL THINKING

1.Work with a partner and remember some biotechnological products you deal with in your everyday life.

2.Choose one product and write some facts about it using the following categories.

Origin

Branch of biotechnology producing it

How it works

Reason why it is useful

3. Imagine you are going to present one of the products to your group

Create

mates. Make a list of ideas to include in your presentation.

4.Now look at the table in exercise 5. Did you include the same things in your list?

5.Write a heading from the box in the gaps to complete Column A of the table.

disadvantages

summary

advantages

Introduction & general facts

history

 

 

A plan for presentation

B Information in each part of presentation

1____________________

 

 

Name of a product

 

 

2____________________

 

 

Who made / discovered it?

 

 

15

3____________________

Interesting? Why worth to speak about?

4____________________

Expensive / dangerous? Problems?

5____________________

Good? Use or not?

6. Choose one of the biotechnological products. Write notes in column B of Prepare the table. Create the presentation for your group mates about biotech-

nological realities in your life.

7. Work with a partner. Using your notes, take turns to tell each other about the product you have chosen. Make the presentation.

Evaluation criteria for your presentation.

 

1

2

3

4

To-

 

 

 

 

 

tal

Organiza-

Audience

Audience has

Student pre-

Student pre-

 

tion

cannot un-

difficulty fol-

sents infor-

sents infor-

 

 

derstand

lowing

mation in

mation in

 

 

because

presentation

logical se-

logical, inter-

 

 

there is no

because stu-

quence

esting se-

 

 

sequence of

dent jumps

which audi-

quence

 

 

information

around.

ence can fol-

which audi-

 

 

 

 

low.

ence can fol-

 

 

 

 

 

low.

 

Subject

Student

Student is un-

Student is at

Student

 

Knowledge

does not

comfortable

ease with

demon-

 

 

have grasp

with infor-

expected

strates full

 

 

of infor-

mation and is

answers to

knowledge

 

 

mation;

able to an-

all ques-

(more than

 

 

student

swer only ru-

tions, but

required) by

 

 

cannot an-

dimentary

fails to elab-

answering all

 

 

swer ques-

questions.

orate.

class ques-

 

 

tions about

 

 

tions with

 

 

subject.

 

 

explanations

 

 

 

 

 

and elabora-

 

 

 

 

 

tion.

 

16

Graphics

Student us-

Student occa-

Student’s

Student’s

 

 

es superflu-

sionally uses

graphics re-

graphics ex-

 

 

ous

graphics that

late to text

plain and re-

 

 

graphics or

rarely support

and presen-

inforce

 

 

no graphics.

text and

tation.

screen text

 

 

 

presentation.

 

and presen-

 

 

 

 

 

tation.

 

Mechanics

Student’s

Presentation

Presentation

Presentation

 

 

presenta-

has three mis-

has no more

has no mis-

 

 

tion has

spellings

than two

spellings or

 

 

four or

and/or

misspellings

grammatical

 

 

more

grammatical

and/or

errors.

 

 

spelling er-

errors.

grammatical

 

 

 

rors and/or

 

spellings.

 

 

 

grammatical

 

 

 

 

 

errors.

 

 

 

 

Eye Contact

Student

Student occa-

Student

Student

 

 

reads all of

sionally uses

maintains

maintains

 

 

report with

eye contact,

eye contact

eye contact

 

 

no eye con-

but still reads

most of the

with audi-

 

 

tact.

most of re-

time but

ence, seldom

 

 

 

port.

frequently

retuming to

 

 

 

 

returns to

notes.

 

 

 

 

notes.

 

 

Elocution

Student

Student’s

Student’s

Student uses

 

 

mumbles,

voice is low.

voice is

a clear voice

 

 

incorrectly

Student incor-

clear. Stu-

and correct,

 

 

pronounces

rectly pro-

dent pro-

precise pro-

 

 

terms, and

nounces

nounces

nunciation of

 

 

speaks to

terms. Audi-

most words

terms so that

 

 

quietly for

ence mem-

correctly.

all audience

 

 

students in

bers have dif-

Most audi-

members can

 

 

the back of

ficulty hearing

ence mem-

hear presen-

 

 

class to

presentation.

bers can

tation.

 

 

hear.

 

hear presen-

 

 

 

 

 

tation.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total Points:

 

17

OBJECTIVESREVIEW

 

I can …

 

understand a film about biotechnology.

Very well_____________Not very well

listen for details.

Very well_____________Not very well

organize information in a cluster.

Very well_____________Not very well

organize information and present it.

Very well_____________Not very well

give a descriptive presentation.

Very well_____________Not very well

 

WORDLIST

antibiotic

combat

bioeconomics

carry out

biofuels

disease

biogas

environmental friendly

bioinformatics

fermentation

bioleaching

frankenfood

bioremediation

biofuel

cloning

hereditary material

cell

oil spills

18

Remember

Understanding key vocabulary

UNIT 2

SOME FACTS ABOUT GENETICS

In this unit you will …

Listen / watch, read and talk about

genetics

DNA

disease associated with the changes in a genetic code of a human

Learn how to …

listen and take notes

give a poster presentation

analyze information

Activate your knowledge.

What is a gene and where is it located?

Why do people look similar to their parents?

PREPARING TO WATCH

1.In pairs discuss the term GENETICS. Give some facts about genetics you are familiar with.

2.Match the words to their definitions.

TIP: If necessary use http://www.yourdictionary.com/biotechnology or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomics.

1 Genome assembly

a) the transmission of characteristics from parent to

 

offspring by means of genes in the chromosomes.

2 Gene

b) any organic compound containing both an amino and

 

a carboxylic acid functional group.

3 Heredity

c) is a large biomolecule, or macromolecule, consisting

 

of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.

4 Amino acid

d) is a unit on a chromosome that determines a specific

 

trait in an organism.

19

Listening for details

5 Protein

e) a wide variety of de novo assembly tools available for

 

constructing genomes.

WHILE WATCHING

3.Watch the video “A Brief Introduction to Genetics” on http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F4wHaORe9-c. You will hear the

words in bold below. Choose the correct option to complete the sentences.

1 Genetics is a discipline of biology / zoology.

2 Genetics is the science of heredity and variety / multiplicity of a living organism.

3 Modern genetics began with the work of Ivan Pavlov / Gregor Mendel. 4 Gene is composed of a chain of four / five different nucleotides.

5 The sequence of the nucleotides is the genetic information organisms inherit / produce.

6 Amino acids sequence is known as the genetic code / key.

7 Proteins carry out almost all the functions / classes needed for cells to live.

8 DNA sequencing allows researchers determine the sequence of nucleotides / nucleotypes in DNA fragments.

9 With this technology researchers have been able to study the molecule sequences in association with many human gifts / diseases.

4.Watch the video about genetics again and check your answers to exercise 3.

DISCUSSION

5.Discuss with your partner which problems can be solved with the help of genetics.

Understanding key vocabularies using visuals

PREPEARING TO READ

1. Match the words to the photographs (Fig. 6).

1helix

2virus

3DNA

4mitochondria

5chromosome

6nucleus

20