SENSOR NETWORK OPERATIONS
Edited by
Shashi Phoha
Thomas LaPorta
Christopher Griffin
IEEE PRESS
A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC PUBLICATION
SENSOR NETWORK OPERATIONS
IEEE Press
445 Hoes Lane
Piscataway, NJ 08854
IEEE Press Editorial Board
Mohamed E. El-Hawary, Editor-in-Chief
M. Akay |
R. J. Herrick |
F. M. B. Pereira |
J. B. Anderson |
S. V. Kartalopoulos |
C. Singh |
J. E. Brewer |
M. Montrose |
G. Zobrist |
T. G. Croda |
M. S. Newman |
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Kenneth Moore, Director of IEEE Book and Information |
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Catherine Faduska, Acquisitions Editor, IEEE Press |
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Jeanne Audino, Project Editor, IEEE Press |
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SENSOR NETWORK OPERATIONS
Edited by
Shashi Phoha
Thomas LaPorta
Christopher Griffin
IEEE PRESS
A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC PUBLICATION
Copyright C 2006 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Published simultaneously in Canada.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available.
ISBN-13 978-0-471-71976-2
ISBN-10 0-471-71976-5
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
To Him in whose presence to present oneself is to find oneself.
—Shashi Phoha
I dedicate this book to Lisa, Abigail, and Sophia.
—Thomas F. LaPorta
For Amy, my darling wife, who put up with me during this project. I love you more than you can imagine.
—CHG
CONTENTS
PREFACE |
xiii |
CONTRIBUTORS |
xv |
I SENSOR NETWORK OPERATIONS OVERVIEW |
1 |
1 Overview of Mission-Oriented Sensor Networks |
3 |
1.1Introduction / 3
1.2Trends in Sensor Development / 4
1.3Mission-Oriented Sensor Networks: Dynamic Systems Perspective / 8 References / 10
II SENSOR NETWORK DESIGN AND OPERATIONS |
11 |
2 Sensor Deployment, Self-Organization, and Localization |
13 |
2.1Introduction / 13
2.2SCARE: A Scalable Self-Configuration and Adaptive Reconfiguration Scheme for Dense Sensor Networks / 14
2.3Robust Sensor Positioning in Wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks / 35
2.4Trigonometric k Clustering (TKC) for Censored Distance Estimation / 51
2.5Sensing Coverage and Breach Paths in Surveillance Wireless Sensor Networks / 68
References / 86
3 Purposeful Mobility and Navigation |
91 |
3.1Introduction / 91
3.2Controlled Mobility for Efficient Data Gathering in Sensor Networks with Passively Mobile Nodes / 92
3.3Purposeful Mobility in Tactical Sensor Networks / 113
3.4Formation and Alignment of Distributed Sensing Agents with Double-Integrator Dynamics and Actuator Saturation / 126
vii
viiiCONTENTS
3.5Modeling and Enhancing the Data Capacity of Wireless Sensor Networks / 157
References / 179
4 Lower Layer Issues—MAC, Scheduling, and Transmission |
185 |
4.1Introduction / 185
4.2SS-TDMA: A Self-Stabilizing Medium Access Control (MAC) for Sensor Networks / 186
4.3Comprehensive Performance Study of IEEE 802.15.4 / 218
4.4Providing Energy Efficiency for Wireless Sensor Networks Through Link Adaptation Techniques / 237
References / 257
5 Network Routing |
263 |
5.1Introduction / 263
5.2Load-Balanced Query Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks / 264
5.3Energy-Efficient and MAC-Aware Routing for Data Aggregation in Sensor Networks / 291
5.4LESS: Low-Energy Security Solution for Large-scale Sensor
Networks Based on Tree-Ripple-Zone Routing Scheme / 308 References / 329
6 Power Management |
337 |
6.1Introduction / 337
6.2Adaptive Sensing and Reporting in Energy-Constrained Sensor Networks / 338
6.3Sensor Placement and Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks: Theory and Performance Analysis / 354
6.4Algorithms for Maximizing Lifetime of Battery-Powered Wireless Sensor Nodes / 367
6.5Battery Lifetime Estimation and Optimization for Underwater Sensor Networks / 397
References / 416
7 Distributed Sensing and Data Gathering |
421 |
7.1Introduction / 421
7.2Secure Differential Data Aggregation for Wireless Sensor Networks / 422
7.3Energy-Conserving Data Gathering Strategy Based on Trade-off Between Coverage and Data Reporting Latency in Wireless Sensor Networks / 442
7.4Quality-Driven Information Processing and Aggregation in Distributed Sensor Networks / 467
CONTENTS ix
7.5Progressive Approach to Distributed Multiple-Target Detection in Sensor Networks / 486
References / 504
8 Network Security |
509 |
8.1Introduction / 509
8.2Energy Cost of Embedded Security for Wireless Sensor Networks / 510
8.3Increasing Authentication and Communication Confidentiality in Wireless Sensor Networks / 522
8.4Efficient Pairwise Authentication Protocols for Sensor and Ad Hoc Networks / 535
8.5Fast and Scalable Key Establishment in Sensor Networks / 557
8.6Weil Pairing-Based Round, Efficient, and Fault-Tolerant Group Key Agreement Protocol for Sensor Networks / 571
References / 580
III SENSOR NETWORK APPLICATIONS |
587 |
9 Pursuer–Evader Tracking in Sensor Networks |
589 |
9.1Introduction / 589
9.2The Problem / 590
9.3Evader-Centric Program / 592
9.4Pursuer-Centric Program / 595
9.5Hybrid Pursuer–Evader Program / 596
9.6Efficient Version of Hybrid Program / 599
9.7Implementation and Simulation Results / 600
9.8Discussion and Related Work / 605 References / 607
10 Embedded Soft Sensing for Anomaly Detection in Mobile |
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Robotic Networks |
609 |
10.1Introduction / 609
10.2Mobile Robot Simulation Setup / 614
10.3Software Anomalies in Mobile Robotic Networks / 615
10.4Soft Sensor / 616
10.5Software Anomaly Detection Architecture / 616
10.6Anomaly Detection Mechanisms / 618
10.7Test Bed for Software Anomaly Detection in Mobile Robot Application / 619
10.8Results and Discussion / 623
10.9Conclusions and Future Work / 626
Appendix A / 626
Appendix B / 627
References / 628
x CONTENTS |
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11 Multisensor Network-Based Framework for Video |
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Surveillance: Real-Time Superresolution Imaging |
631 |
11.1Introduction / 632
11.2Basic Model of Distributed Multisensor Surveillance System / 632
11.3Superresolution Imaging / 636
11.4Optical Flow Computation / 638
11.5Superresolution Image Reconstruction / 644
11.6Experimental Results / 644
11.7Conclusion / 645
References / 646
12 Using Information Theory to Design Context-Sensing |
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Wearable Systems |
649 |
12.1Introduction / 649
12.2Related Work / 651
12.3Theoretical Background / 651
12.4Adaptations / 654
12.5Design Considerations / 662
12.6Case Study / 663
12.7Results / 666
12.8Conclusion / 674
Appendix / 674
References / 675
13 Multiple Bit Stream Image Transmission over Wireless |
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Sensor Networks |
677 |
13.1Introduction / 677
13.2System Description / 679
13.3Experimental Results / 685
13.4Summary and Discussion / 686 References / 687
14 Hybrid Sensor Network Test Bed for Reinforced Target Tracking |
689 |
14.1Introduction / 689
14.2Sensor Network Operational Components / 690
14.3Sensor Network Challenge Problem / 694
14.4Integrated Target Surveillance Experiment / 695
14.5Experimental Results and Evaluation / 698
14.6Conclusion / 701
References / 703
15 Noise-Adaptive Sensor Network for Vehicle Tracking in the Desert 705
15.1Introduction / 706
15.2Distributed Tracking / 708
CONTENTS xi
15.3 Algorithms / 710
15.4 Experimental Methods / 712
15.5 Results and Discussion / 714
15.6 Conclusion / 715
References / 715
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS |
717 |
INDEX |
719 |
ABOUT THE EDITORS |
723 |