Eng / Meningeal syndrome

Edema - swelling of the brain

These symptoms unfold with increasing hyperthermia, clonic convulsions and loss of consciousness.

In patients, there is a sharp sweating, the skin is cyanotic, the face is hyperemic.

Pyramidal signs, symptoms of cranial insufficiency, extinction of corneal reflexes, constriction of the pupils and a decrease in their reaction to light are determined.

This is facilitated by the spread of the inflammatory process to the ventricles and brain substance, which is especially characteristic of purulent meningitis.

With viral meningitis, the phenomena of cerebral edema are less pronounced, but the substance of the brain is also involved in the pathological process. This results in focal neurological symptoms.

Causes of cerebral edema - an increase in the permeability of the BBB as a result:

damage to the endothelium of cerebral vessels:

pathogens, pathogen toxins circulating in the blood (LPS, meningococcus)

or formed in encephalitic foci (pneumococci, streptococci)

2.Mediators of inflammation 3. Enzymes

Increased BBB permeability -

leads to accumulation of fluid in the extracellular space of the brain, dislocation of the cerebellar hemispheres, lowering their lower protruding part (tonsils) into the foramen magnum and compression of the brain stem, in which the respiratory, vasomotor and autonomic centers are located.

Due to ischemia, the breakdown of myelin occurs, followed by the death of brain stem neurocytes. Death usually occurs from respiratory arr

The main cause of brain swelling is hypoxia of nerve cells of any etiology:

Hypovolemia

Shock with hypotension

Toxic effects on the gas exchange system

Gas exchange disorders at all levels

The development of cerebral edema, which leads to compression of the cerebral vessels and a decrease in cerebral blood flow

brain swelling-

a consequence of a violation of the sodium-potassium pump

At the same time, instead of potassium ions, sodium and water enter the cell

as a result, the cell swells, the volume and mass of the brain increase, which leads to

brain dislocations

Edema - swelling of the brain

When the substance of the brain and spinal cord is involved in the process, corresponding symptoms appear,

There are cerebral symptoms caused by toxic and inflammatory lesions of neurocytes,

the addition of ONGM, which is diagnosed on the basis of an established diagnosis of a specific neuroinfection

Edema - swelling of the brain

The result of edema and swelling of the brain is the same - dislocation of the brain

Clinically and instrumentally, edema and swelling are not differentiated, therefore, the term Edema is used.

CLINICAL SIGNS OF Edema - swelling of the brain

hyperthermia

Excitation - - with the progression of ONGM is replaced by lethargy, loss of consciousness

hyperemia of the skin - pallor with cyanosis

Tachycardia - bradycardia

sweating

Increase in blood pressure

Edema of the optic nerve

exafthalmos

Pupil constriction

The fall of the language

At the heart of meningeal syndrome: edema - swelling of the brain

is the most common cause of death in patients with neuroinfections

The pathogenesis of edema and the pathogenesis of brain swelling are different

Cerebral edema - accumulation of fluid in the extracellular space

Swelling of brain cells - the result of a violation of the potassium pump brain