Портфолио по дисциплине Лексикология

Модуль 1

ТЕСТОВЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ

Task I. Match each term with the correct definition on the right:

Task II. Match each surname of a famous linguist with contribution to linguistics:

Task III. Fill in the gaps in the following definitions:

1.A very important characteristic feature of the word is its indivisibility

2.The realization of concept or emotion by means of definite language system is called content.

3. A word is a dialectical unity of form and content.

4.A diachronic approach studies different historical changes of the vocabulary system.

5.Reflection is a general property of matter.

6.The most essential means of human communication is language .

7.The relationships which are based on the interdependence of words within

the vocabulary are called paradigmatic relationships.

8. A word enters into syntagmatic (linear) combinatorial relationships with other lexical units that can form its context, serving to identify and distinguish its meaning.

9. A synchronic approach studies the language at the present stage of its development.

10.The system of grammatical forms characteristic of a word is called a paradigm of a word.

11.Motivation is used to denote the relationship existing between the morphemic or phonemic and structural pattern of the word on the one hand, and its meaning on the other.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАДАНИЯ

Task I. Define the type of motivation:

Task II. Match the traditionally used words and their politically correct equivalents:

Модуль 2

ТЕСТОВЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ

Task I. Write whether this assumption is true or false:

1.The reflection of objective reality is selective. T

2.The vocabulary of any language is a rigid, stable system. F

3.All the aspects in language reality are interdependent and cannot be understood one without the other. T

4.Without a basis of similarity no comparison and no opposition are possible. T

5.A word is “the minimum sentence”. F

Task II. Fill in the gaps in the following definitions

1.The most essential means of human communication is language .

2.The conceptual content of a word is expressed in its denotative meaning.

3.The emotional content of a word is expressed in its connotative meaning.

4.The relationships which are based on the interdependence of words within the vocabulary are called paradygmatic relationships.

5.A word enters into syntagmatic (linear) combinatorial relationships with other lexical units that can form its context, serving to identify and distinguish its meaning.

6.A synchronic approach studies the language at the present stage of its

development.

7.A word having several meanings is called polysemantic.

8.The semantic process of associating two referents, one of which in some way resembles the other is called metaphor.

9.The improvement of the connotational component of meaning is called

amelioration.

10. The pragmatic aspect of lexical meaning is the part of meaning, that conveys information on the situation of communication.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАДАНИЯ

Task I. Group the following words into three columns in accordance with the sameness of their 1) grammatical; 2) lexical; 3) part -of-speech meaning.

Boy's, nearest, at, beautiful, think, man, drift, wrote, tremendous, ship's, the most beautiful, table, near, for, went, friend's, handsome, thinking, boy, nearer, thought, boys, lamp, go, during.

1)Grammatical – boy’s, nearer, nearest, the most beautiful, thought, thinking, wrote, ship’s, went, friend’s

2)Lexical – boy, man, drift, tremendous, table, handsome, lamp, near, beautiful, go, think

3)Part-of-speech – at, for, during, thinking, thought, beautiful, think, man, drift, tremendous, table, near, handsome, boy, boys, lamp, go.

Task II. Identify the denotational and connotational aspects of lexical meaning of the given words. Analyze the similarity and difference between the components of the connotational aspect of lexical meaning in the given pairs of words.

Task III. Define the kind of association involved in the semantic change.

1) the foot of a person - the foot of a mountain - metaphor 2)Matisse (proper name) - a Matisse (a painting) - metonymy

3)the wing of a bird - the wing of a building - metaphor

4)the key to a door - the key to a mystery - metaphor

5)copper (metal) - copper (coin) - metonymy

6)the heart of a man - the heart of a city – metaphor

Task IV. Analyze the meanings of the italicized words. Identify the result of changes of the denotational aspect of lexical meaning in the given words.

1)camp: “a place where troops are lodged in tents” - “a place where people live in tents or hunts”- generalization

2)girl: “a small child of either sex” “a small child of the female sex” - narrowing

3)bird: “a young bird” - “a creature with wings and feathers which can usually fly in the air” - generalization

4)arrive: “reach the shore after a voyage” - “reach a place at the end of a journey or a stage in a journey”- generalization

Task V. Define the type of momentary semantic changes (metaphor or metonymy).

The foot of a page - metaphor The leg of the table - metaphor

The whole factory is here - metonymy Have you read Byron? - metonymy The head of the chair - metaphor The kettle is boiling - metonymy

Eye of a needle - metaphor

Task VI. Define degradation or elevation of meaning.

Sad - degradation Marshal - elevation Idiot - degradation

Business - elevation

Silly – degradation Сompanion - elevation