акустика / gan_ws_acoustical_imaging_techniques_and_applications_for_en

isotropy invariance, 397 iteration, 101

iterative technique, 77–9

Jacobian, 46, 346

Kaczmarz algorithm, 100–101, 107 Kinematic or convective nonlinearity, 8 Kirchhoff diffraction formula, 394 Kissing bond, 183

Kramers-Kronig relation, 382 Kronecker delta, 234

Lagrangian coordinates, 9, 367 Lamb waves, 176–9

Lame’ coefficient, 372 Lame’ constants, 9

large amplitude sound propagation, 5 laser-generated ultrasound, 186

lateral or transverse resolution, 58, 125, 169, 202, 215, 223, 226

lattice model, 401 lefthanded material, 370 lefthanded medium, 381 lefthanded symmetry, 343 lens reverberation, 136

linear acoustical holography, 170 linear acoustic waves, 5

linear array, 211–15 linear array system, 2

Lippmann-Schwinger equation, 381, 383–4 Lippmann-Schwinger integral, 89, 99 liquid-surface acoustical holography, 2, 218 liquid surface method, 50

liver cirrhosis, 228

local gauge invariance, 12 longitudinal wave, 221 Lorentz attractor, 90 Lorentz transformation, 12 lossless media, 63

lossy, 40

low-pass, high-pass, band-pass and band-stop filters, 175

lumpectomies, 228 Luneberg lenses, 278

magnetic interaction, 369 Mandelbrot set, 91 manual palpation, 229

mass density, 346, 348, 355, 358–60, 369–70, 376–8, 394, 396, 398, 402, 404

mass-in-mass microstructure, 402 materials characterization, 128 matrix theory, 15

Maxwell’s equation, 343, 347, 354 mean density, 196

mechanical diode model, 110 medical imaging, 2, 340

medical ultrasonic imaging, 69, 125, 128, 195–6, 273–4, 311–12

mesoscopic nonlinearity, 108

metal organic chemical vapour deposition, 326

metamaterials, 344, 361, 369–70, 379, 399 microbubble contrast agent, 220, 251 microelectronics, 186

microphone, 281 mirror image, 395–6 mode theory, 270 modulation index, 118

modulation method, 116–18 moving coordinate, 13

MR elastography, 232

multiple entangled phonons, 340 multiple quantum well, 325 multiple scattering, 89, 141, 265 multiple scattering effects, 1

multiple scattering theory, 348–9, 353–4, 359, 372, 375, 385, 404

multiple strained-layer structure, 325 multiplexer, 188

nanoacoustic waves, 325, 329 nanometers, 325

nanometer strain layers, 325 nanoscale subsurface imaging, 325 nanostructure, 330 nanotechnology, 4, 329 nanoultrasonic scan, 332 nanoultrasound imaging, 325, 329

near-field, 271

near-field approximation, 146 negative inclusion, 381

negative refraction, 1, 343–4, 347–9, 351, 376–7, 379, 388, 395

new acoustics, 1, 348, 369–70, 397, 404 new elasticity, 398

new magnetism, 398 Newtonian mechanics, 12 Newton’s laws of motion, 5 noise filter, 15

nonclassical nonlinear acoustical imaging, 107–8

nondestructive evaluation, 1, 125, 128, 163, 178

nondestructive testing, 63, 186, 340 nonlinear, 70

nonlinear acoustical imaging, 1, 89 nonlinear acoustic equation of motion, 9 nonlinear acoustic metamaterials, 400 nonlinear acoustics, 367, 399–400, 404 nonlinear air-coupled emission, 114 nonlinear coordinate transformations, 363–4,

366

nonlinear differential equation, 89 nonlinear effect, 221

nonlinear friction mechanism, 109 nonlinear granular media, 400 nonlinear imaging, 115 nonlinearity, 8, 221–2 nonlinearity artifacts, 134

nonlinear nondestructive testing, 107 nonlinear path, 379

nonlinear resonance modes, 111 nonlinear tunable phononic crystals, 399 normal modes, 265, 270

nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, 195, 339

null matrix, 15 Nyquist rate, 27

object function, 48, 51, 236

offset vertical seismic profiling, 311, 317, 319, 320–22

operator construction, 3 ophthalmology, 197

optical absorption modulation strength, 329 optical diffraction, 284

optical piezoelectric transducer, 325, 330 optical pumping, 337

orthogonal and unitary transform, 20 orthogonalization method, 102 orthogonal matrices, 15 orthographic image, 205 orthoscopic acoustical imaging, 277

parabolic equation theory, 163 paraxial approximation, 389 parities, 376–7, 395, 397 parity, 345

particle velocity, 6 penetration depth, 197, 199 perfect acoustic lens, 348 performance index, 364

permeability, 343–4, 347–9, 359, 369–70, 396

permittivity, 343–4, 347–9, 359, 369–70, 396 perturbation theory, 10

phantoms, 230–31, 238 phase-amplitude, 2 phase conjugation, 67 phase contrast, 195

phased array beamformer, 281

phased arrays, 170, 173, 211, 215–17, 280 phased array transducers, 186–90, 193 phased array ultrasonic technologies, 192 phase modulation, 205

phase velocities, 177 phonon amplification, 336 phonon bandgap, 349 phononic crystals, 343 phonons, 11

phonons entanglement, 325, 339 photonic crystals, 343

physical or geometric nonlinearity, 8 piezoelectric composite, 371 piezoelectric effect, 326 piezoelectric transducer, 2, 196 piezoelectric transducer mode, 327 pitch/catch impulse method, 185 pitch/catch swept method, 185 placental localization, 207

plane-wave method, 372, 375 plastic deformation, 115 point response function, 207 Poisson equation, 327 Poisson’s ratio, 184, 234 polarization effects, 142

polyvinylidene fluoride transducers, 125 positron emission tomography, 339 power Doppler imaging, 250

Poynting vector, 343–5 probability of detection, 172 propagation theory, 265 pulse compression, 130

pulsed Doppler ultrasound, 245 pulsed insonification, 206 pulse-echo, 2

pulse-echo medical ultrasonic imaging, 371 pulse-echo mode, 53

pulse encoding, 226 pulse inversion, 225 pulser-receiver, 3

P waves, 308, 397 pyroelectric composite, 371

Q-factor, 382

quantitative acoustical imaging, 325, 329, 339–40

quantitative acoustic microscopy, 180 quantitative acoustical microscopy imaging,

137

quantitative measurement methods, 169 quantization error, 3

quantum acoustical imaging, 325, 329, 339–40

quantum-confined Franz-Keldysh effect, 329 quantum dots, 371

quantum effect, 325 quantum heterostructure, 371 quantum wires, 371

quasi-monochromatic system, 137

Radon transform, 305 random media, 141–2 random walk, 95 rarefaction, 221

ray acoustics, 265

Rayleigh criterion, 55, 197, 202, 207, 352 Rayleigh diffraction limit, 392

Rayleigh formula, 267 Rayleigh parameter, 266

Rayleigh resolution limit, 370, 378 Rayleigh scattering theory, 198

Rayleigh wave, 80–81, 84, 176, 178, 180–81 Rayleigh wave velocity, 183

ray theory, 162, 270 reciprocity method, 294 reciprocity theorem, 71, 83 reconstruction, 3, 38, 44 reconstruction algorithm, 317 reference wave, 51

reflection coefficients, 66, 197, 380, 385, 387 reflection invariance, 348, 395, 397 reflection mode, 38, 54, 198, 207 reflectivity, 197

refraction, 370 refraction loss, 264 refractive index, 370

refractive index fluctuation, 143, 163–4 replication, 24, 26

resolution, 339 resonance, 2, 370, 381–2 resonance instability, 111 response function, 382

retarded Green’s function, 383–4 retarded time variance, 10 right-left symmetry, 348, 395, 404 ringing, 274

Rytov approximation, 41–2, 89–90, 141, 315–16, 321, 323

Sampling, 26 sampling theorem, 27 SASER, 325, 334, 338 scalar potential, 8, 65

scanning laser vibrometer, 114 scattering, 141

scattering function, 236 Schrodinger equation, 373 second harmonic, 10–11, 107

sectorial scanning, 191–2, 202, 211, 216 sector scan, 275

sector-scan sonars, 273

seismic holography, 293, 303 seismic imaging, 69, 290, 404 seismic metamaterial, 404 seismology, 2

shallow water channel, 269 shallow water sound field, 269 shallow zones, 264

shear modulus, 234

shear viscosity coefficient, 11 shear wave, 235

shock waves, 289 SH polarization, 68

side-by-side phase cancellation, 225 side-looking sonars, 275

side-scan sonars, 273 Sierpinski gasket, 93

signal classification algorithm, 69

signal processing, 1, 126, 129, 138, 174–5, 187, 192, 230

Snell’s law, 71, 265, 378, 389 solitary wave, 399–400

Sommerfeld’s radiation condition, 314 sonar, 1, 263, 286

sonar acoustical imaging, 275 sonar beam, 276

sonar beamformers, 272 sonar beamforming, 32 sound attenuation, 400 sound channels, 264, 269 sound transmission, 264 source depth, 269 source-free region, 6

space domain interpolation, 45 spatial deconvolution, 3

spatial low-pass, high-pass and band-pass filtering, 23

spatially anchored elasticity, 360, 362 spatial resolution, 232–3, 238 speckle, 274

speckle noise, 71, 74, 76–7, 80 speckle suppression, 134 spectral Doppler, 245–7 split-ring resonator, 343, 370 spreading loss, 176, 264 standard deviation, 176 statistical mechanics, 95

statistical properties, 152 statistical treatment, 141–2, 163 Stieglitz–McBride method, 84 stiff inclusion, 231

stimulated emission of acoustic phonons, 334–5

stochastic and statistical treatment, 1 stochastic modeling of images, 28 stochastic models, 3

Stokes’ matrix, 142 strain, 5

strain image, 231 strain matrices, 234 stress, 5

stress-corrosion cracks, 187 stress field equation, 6

stress measurement, 178, 180 subharmonics imaging, 116 subwavelength focusing, 378, 381 subwavelength structures, 369 superlattice, 314, 325, 334–5 superresolution, 63, 68–9

SV waves, 64, 67–8, 397 S-wave, 64, 310 symmetries, 3, 5–6, 395

synthetic aperture side-looking sonar, 276

Tau-p transform, 205

terahertz sound waves, 325, 334 texture analysis, 3

theory of elasticity, 5, 355 third-order elasticity modulus, 10

three-dimensional ultrasound imaging, 254 thyroid gland, 198, 207

time autocorrelation coefficient, 159 time autocorrelation function, 158 time-of-flight, 189

time reversal acoustics, 1, 63, 68, 70, 81 time-reversal invariance, 63, 397 time-reversal matrix, 69

time-reversal mirror, 64, 68–9, 73–4, 80–81, 83, 86

tissue characterization, 3

tissue harmonic imaging, 220–21, 227 tissue harmonics, 224

Toeplitz matrices, 15